Walter Fernando Araújo de Moraes

Punidos por baixo desempenho: impactos da governança corporativa sobre o turnover de executivos no Brasil

Uma crescente parcela das pesquisas realizadas em Estrategia e em Financas tem dedicado atencao ao estudo da governanca corporativa, destacando suas implicacoes para o desempenho global das empresas. Uma das formas de avaliar as estruturas e praticas de governanca corporativa e verificar a sensibilidade do turnover de executivos ao desempenho da firma, objetivo desta pesquisa. A analise e conduzida tomando como referencia um conjunto de 176 empresas industriais listadas na Bovespa entre 1997 e 2001. Os principais resultados obtidos foram tres: (a) a composicao do conselho de administracao nao mostrou-se significativa para o nivel de turnover; (b) a rentabilidade da empresa esteve correlacionada de forma significativa e negativa com o turnover, indicando que as empresas que atingiram melhores niveis de retorno sobre seus ativos, bem como aquelas que obtiveram maiores valores para a rentabilidade sobre o patrimonio liquido, em media, substituiram menores parcelas de sua diretoria executiva; (c) entre as variaveis estudadas, a mais importante para determinacao do turnover e o tamanho da firma.

Estratégias de customização em massa implementadas por empresas brasileiras

The objective of this paper is the analysis of the strategies of mass customization accomplished by Brazilian companies. Therefore, the research strategy adopted was a multiple-case study, which was undertaken in fifteen companies, comprising ten different divisions of economic activities. Interviews were the main technique for collecting data. The analysis of data, in its turn, took place in two phases: within-case analysis and cross-case analysis. When analyzing the actions undertaken in the customization process of the products and services of the selected companies, it was verified that two strategies stood out: modularity and manufacturing postponement. Furthermore, it was proved that most companies carry out their customization activities in different stages of the value chain, offering the market two customization levels, at least. A continuum was also developed, representing the differences among the degrees of customization of each analyzed company.O objetivo deste artigo e analisar as estrategias de customizacao em massa implementadas por empresas brasileiras. Neste sentido, a estrategia de pesquisa adotada foi de estudo de casos multiplos, empreendido em quinze empresas, abrangendo nove diferentes divisoes de atividades economicas. A entrevista foi a principal tecnica de coleta de dados. A analise dos dados, por seu turno, ocorreu em dois estagios: analise individual e analise cruzada dos casos. Ao se analisar as acoes empreendidas no processo de customizacao dos produtos e servicos das empresas selecionadas, constatou-se que duas estrategias se destacaram: modularidade e postergacao da manufatura. Ademais, evidenciou-se que a maioria das empresas executa suas atividades de customizacao em diferentes estagios da cadeia de valor, oferecendo, pelo menos, dois niveis de customizacao para o mercado. Foi tambem elaborado um continuum, representando as diferencas entre o grau de customizacao de cada empresa analisada.

Facetas do risco no empreendedorismo internacional

This article aims to analyze the facets of risk experienced by entrepreneurs in the internationalization process. The approach to international entrepreneurship composed the theoretical underpinnings of the research. A longitudinal, qualitative multiple case study was developed for Agricola Famosa-CE, Agro Melon-RN (pseudonym), Special Fruit-BA and Ara Agricola-PE. Thirty-one managers and consultants participated in the interviews. Data analysis was supported by adaptive theory and content analysis. Two facets of risk emerged from the data, namely: commercial and negotiation, and agricultural production. The exchange rate is presented as the most challenging property from the commercial and negotiation facet, while climatic conditions characterize the agricultural production that influences the internationalization process. Therefore, the commercial and negotiation facet stems from internationalization and economic activity in the segment, while agricultural production has agribusiness idiosyncrasies.

Processo de formação de estratégias internacionais na fruticultura brasileira: uma abordagem integrada

This article aims to analyze the characteristics of the process of formation of international strategies of Fruitfort Group in the period from 1982 to 2006, in the light of the theories of Uppsala, the Diamond Model and Resource-Based View associated with the strategic shift. The research is characterized as a qualitative exploratory case study. The data collection took place through the implementation of semi-structured interviews, documentary research and non-participant observation. The work describes the international strategies adopted by the company and looks up its convergence with the theoretical models, in a longitudinal approach. A concomitant association between models of internationalization is appointed, given the fact that no individual was able to explain how the process of formation of international strategies occurred in the company, varying only the degree of convergence of its main concepts. The most relevant dimensions of Uppsala were learning, the networks and gradualism. There are three elements of Diamond Model: factor conditions, related industries and rivalry between the companies which were all decisive for the company. The entrepreneurial leadership and organizational culture appeared as the competitive resources with greater expression.

Alianças estratégicas verticais como sistemas adaptativos na competição global: uma discussão preliminar

The aim of this paper is to discuss the relation between the internationalisation process of the firm, focusing Uppsala Internationalisation Model, strategic alliances and supply networks, as complex adaptative systems and the export mode of internacional entry in the brazilian business context. The actual complexity imposed by the current market dynamics requests an international positioning of the organizations, turning the focus to the internacional operations. The depedence of partners abroad in order to distribute or sell goods or services incurs in a higher valorization of learning and experience sharing between the businesses. The literature review consists of Uppsala theory, considering that the internationalization process is incremental and based on successive learing, trial and error, self-adaptation and networks. External networks, including suppliers and customers, throughout the supply chain, consist the major contribution to the organizational international performance and should be selforganized and adaptative, in order to allow the free flow of ideas, technology and success practices between the links.

O PROCESSO DE FORMULAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA INDIVIDUAL: um estudo com executivos da indústria energética

O objetivo deste estudo e discutir o processo de formulacao estrategica a partir de uma perspectiva individual. Os mapas cognitivos tem um papel crucial na tomada de decisao dos estrategistas, e por esse motivo sao na verdade os responsaveis pela formulacao estrategica. Por meio de uma abordagem exploratorio-descritiva, os executivos de uma grande empresa do setor eletrico sao observados com o intuito de terem os seus mapas mentais compreendidos. A fase exploratoria foi constituida de uma revisao literaria que culminou com a construcao de um instrumento de pesquisa, sendo este utilizado na segunda fase do estudo. As tecnicas quantitativas utilizadas de analise fatorial, correlacoes nao parametricas e analise de regressao multipla indicaram um modelo que apontou uma relacao entre a formacao estrategica deliberada, a ordem do nivel hierarquico e a formacao academica.

Processo de internacionalização e sistemas adaptativos complexos

This article aims to analyze the characteristics of the internationalization process of companies from the Santa Cruz do Capibaribe clothing hub in Pernambuco, considering the Complex Adaptive Systems approach. The behaviors of two companies towards foreign markets over time are analyzed. The research method is qualitative, with a longitudinal approach, with the strategy being a case study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, as well as observation and research into their documentation. Data analysis is performed by means of the steady comparison method proposed by Merriam (2009). A cross analysis of cases that generated fifteen (15) pieces of evidence is presented. It is understood that the companies in an internationalization process can be regarded as Complex Adaptive Systems.

Processo de internacionalização da empresa Rota do Mar

Com o aumento da competicao, a atuacao das empresas tem se tornado cada vez menos limitada aos mercados nacionais. Nesse contexto, o processo de internacionalizacao emerge como tema central nos estudos de estrategia. Assim, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de compreender como ocorre o processo de internacionalizacao da Rota do Mar, empresa localizada no polo de confeccoes de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, em Pernambuco. A escolha pela empresa ocorreu em funcao da sua representatividade nao so para o Estado, por ser a maior empresa de confeccoes, mas tambem para a regiao Nordeste. Utiliza-se o modelo de Uppsala, abrangendo a sua evolucao ao longo de quase quatro decadas. Na pesquisa, e utilizada a metodologia qualitativa e a estrategia de estudo de caso, com perspectiva de processo. A analise da empresa permitiu identificar nove evidencias complementares ao modelo de Uppsala acerca das caracteristicas do processo de internacionalizacao. Aspectos tais como o papel do agente externo de exportacao, do conhecimento experiencial, da atuacao da empresa no mercado domestico e da escolha do mercado de atuacao, mostraram-se relevantes para este processo.

The Dimensions of International Entrepreneurship: A Proposition of a Framework

This theoretical paper aims to present a framework of international entrepreneurship (IE). The proposal is based on the critical review of theoretical an...

Condicionantes para exportação no setor sucroenergético brasileiro

This article aims to analyse the conditions for export activities in the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Seven determinants were selected: location, tangible resources, intangible resources, managerial choices, learning, external agents and external context. The research strategy used was the survey. The non-probability sample included 84 valid questionnaires that were collected between November and December 2011. Measures and descriptive statistical techniques were used for data analysis. It was evident that elements related to the seven selected determinants may influence the export activity in the sugarcane industry. Regarding the location, it is noticeable to highlight factors such as the natural environment, costs and access to inputs, labor, transportation and support institutions. Agricultural, industrial, financial and organizational resources, leadership style, organizational culture, reputation, reliance on external agents, social networks and knowledge of the industry were the main tangible and intangible resources. In managerial choices, the proactive attitude of intention to export is the main factor. The analysis of learning determinant reiterated that the researched industry is qualified to operate in the foreign market. The action of external agents, such as buyers and competitors is also important for export operations. From the external context perspective, exchange rate, government policies and the environmental uncertainty were determining factors.