Fabiana Maria da Silva

Substituição total do milho e parcial do feno do capim-tifton por palma forrageira em dietas para vacas em lactação. Produção, composição do leite e custos com alimentação

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia de dietas com teores crescentes de palma forrageira sobre a producao, a composicao do leite e o perfil dos acidos graxos do leite de vacas holandesas em lactacao. Os animais (583 ± 7,07 kg) foram alimentados com dietas formuladas com diferentes niveis (0; 12,0; 25,0; 38,0 e 51,0%) de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) em substituicao total ao milho (Zea mays L.) e em substituicao parcial ao feno de capim-tifton (Cynodon spp). Foram utilizadas cinco vacas distribuidas em um quadrado latino 5 x 5. Cada periodo experimental teve duracao de 17 dias, dez para adaptacao dos animais a dieta e sete para coleta de dados. A producao de leite, total (kg/dia) e corrigida para 3,5% de gordura (kg/dia), o teor de gordura (%) e a producao de gordura (kg/dia) do leite (20,65; 19,76; 3,73 e 0,745, respectivamente) nao foram influenciados pela introducao de palma nas dietas. O perfil de acidos graxos da gordura do leite nao foi influenciado (quanto aos acidos caprico, laurico, miristico, linoleico, linolenico e araquidico) pelos niveis de palma na dieta, entretanto, houve aumento linear dos acidos de cadeia intermediaria (palmitico e palmitoleico) e tendencia inversa para os acidos estearico e oleico. A inclusao de palma forrageira em substituicao ao milho e parte do feno de capim-tifton para vacas holandesas em lactacao nao influenciou a producao e a composicao do leite, exceto a concentracao dos acidos graxos de cadeia longa, que apresentou comportamento linear decrescente.

Palma forrageira enriquecida com uréia em substituição ao feno de capim-tifton 85 em rações para vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação

The experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate the nutrient intakes and milk production and composition of lactating cows fed with rations containing different levels (0; 12,5; 25,0; 37,5 and 50.0%) of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus Mill) and urea in substitution to the tifton grass hay. Five cows was distributed 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. The dry matter and organic matter showed a quadratic effect with the inclusion of spineless cactus and urea. The crude protein intake and milk fat were not affected by the inclusion of spineless cactus and urea in the diet. Nonfiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, feed efficiency, milk production and 3,5% fat corrected the milk production increased, while neutral detergent fiber and water intakes linearly decreased with the inclusion of spineless cactus and urea in the diet. The inclusion of spineless cactus and urea in substitution of tifton grass hay increases the energy intake and the milk production.

Consumo, digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais em ovinos recebendo silagens e fenos em associação à palma forrageira

The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of the association of the spineless cactus with sunflower silage, sorghum silage, leucena hay, pigeon pea hay or elephant grass hay on intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and ruminal measures in mixed breed sheep, with fistulas in the rumen. Five sheep with a mean body weight of 30kg (±0,3), were distributed in 5x5 Latin squares. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients (in kg/day), neutral detergent fiber (in % of live weight), apparent digestibility of crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates were not influenced by the association of spineless cactus and the silages or hays. Ether extract intake was greater for the elephant grass hay treatment in comparison to sunflower silage and similar to the sorghum silage and hays. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrates was not influenced by the association of spineless cactus and silages or hays. Apparent digestibility of dry matter for sorghum silage was higher in comparison to the leucena hay and elephant grass hay. There was no significant difference between pH and ruminal ammonia concentration for the treatments at different sampling times. The association of spineless cactus and silages or hays did not alter dry matter intake and energy. Sorghum silages and sunflower and leucena, pigeon pea and elephant grass hay associated the spineless cactus show a good food alternative to sheep in semiarid region of the northeastern Brazil.

Replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal in diets based on spineless cactus for lactating cows

Objetivou-se avaliar a substituicao do farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodao em dietas a base de palma forrageira para vacas em lactacao. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas da raca Girolando (peso vivo medio de 490 kg e producao media de 11,5 kg de leite/dia), distribuidas em um quadrado latino 5 × 5, composto de cinco animais, cinco niveis de farelo de algodao (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100%) em substituicao ao farelo de soja e cinco periodos experimentais, cada um com 15 dias de duracao (10 dias para adaptacao e 5 dias para coleta de dados e amostras). As dietas experimentais foram constituidas de palma forrageira (53%), silagem de sorgo (32%) e concentrado (15%). A inclusao do farelo de algodao nao influenciou o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, cujas medias foram de 15,55 kg/dia e 56,05% para materia seca (MS); 13,84 kg/dia e 59,31% para materia orgânica (MO); 0,37 kg/dia e 49,40% para extrato etereo; 5,32 kg/dia e 30,95% para fibra em detergente neutro; 1,79 kg/dia e 48,14% para proteina bruta; 9,94 kg/dia e 54,31% para carboidratos totais; e 4,43 kg/dia e 80,99% para carboidratos nao-fibrosos. O consumo de nutrientes digestiveis totais tambem nao foi influenciado (media de 8,30 kg/dia) pela substituicao do farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodao. Igualmente, a producao e composicao do leite tambem nao foram afetadas e apresentaram medias de 11,56; 11,41, kg leite/dia e 4,45; 12,75; 3,95 e 3,42% para producao de leite, producao de leite corrigida para 4% de gordura, teores de lactose, solidos totais, gordura e proteina, respectivamente. Recomenda-se a substituicao do farelo de soja pelo de algodao para vacas de baixa producao.

Diferentes suplementos associados à palma forrageira em dietas para ovinos: consumo, digestibilidade aparente e parâmetros ruminais

The study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility of the nutrients and of ruminal fermentation characteristics of sheep fed diets based on spineless cactus, sugar cane bagasse and urea associated to diferents supplements. Five non-castrated male sheep were allotted to a 5 x 5 Latin square design, with five animals (lines) and five periods (columns). Each experimental period last 13 day. The ration without supplement was composed of 67.6% of spineless cactus, 27.7% of sugar cane bagasse, 2.7% of urea:ammonium sulphate mixture (9:1) and 2.0% of mineral mixture, in dry matter (DM) basis. The other treatments consisted of the addition of a supplement to the ration (0,4% of body weight), being: wheat meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal or whole cottonseed. Were not observed effects of supplement association on the evaluated parameters, being: 3.29%, 60.61%, 76.37%, 6.51 and 11.85mg/100mL the means value for intake of DM (% of body weight), digestibility of DM and CP, pH and ruminal ammonium, respectively. The choice of supplement should be associated with the availability and cost.

Substituição do milho e do feno de capim-tifton por palma forrageira. Produção de proteína microbiana e excreção de uréia e de derivados de purina em vacas lactantes

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of replacing Tifton hay and corn with forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill ) on microbial protein synthesis and efficiency and N metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Diets contained (% of DM): 0, 12.0, 25.0, 38.0, or 51.0%) of forage cactus. Five Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatments in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 17 days with 10 days for diet adaptation and seven days for data and sample collection. Urinary volume was estimated based on creatinine excretion in spot urine samples obtained four hours after feeding. Urinary volume (27.62 L), urinary excretion of uric acid (35.78 mmol/day) and allantoin (288.42 mmol/day), allantoin in milk (18.11 mmol/day), total allantoin (306.54 mmol/day), total excretion of purine derivatives (342.33 mmol/day), absorbed purines (350.03 mmol/day), microbial protein synthesis (1376.07g/day) and efficiency (115.38 g/kgNDT) were not affected by increasing the levels of forage cactus in the diet. The urinary excretion of urea (mg/kg BW) and the concentrations of urea and urea-N in plasma (mg/dL) decreased linearly while the concentrations of urea and urea-N in milk were not affected when the levels of forage cactus were increased in the diet. Corn can be completely replaced with forage cactus because microbial protein synthesis was not changed and urinary excretion of urea decreased linearly. However, Tifton hay was necessary in the diet to maintain microbial production.

Protein sources for crossbred dairy cows in the semiarid

Alternative sources of protein for lactating cows were evaluated in this study with respect to intake, digestibility, milk yield and milk composition. Eight multiparous Holstein/Gyr cows were simultaneously distributed in two 4 × 4 latin squares. Each experimental period lasted 21 days (14 days for adaptation and seven days to collect data and samples). Three protein sources, cottonseed meal, semi-integral soybean meal and corn steep liquor were evaluated and soybean meal was used as a control. When the corn steep liquor was used, lower intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients were observed compared with soybean meal. Animals that consumed corn steep liquor had a lower milk yield than those fed soybean meal, and no treatment effect on the milk fat content was detected. Animals that consumed cottonseed meal and corn steep liquor had a lower fat yield than those fed soybean meal. Feeding with semi-integral soybean meal decreased the milk protein percentage compared with soybean meal. Nutrient digestibility was lower for cows fed diets with corn steep liquor, except for crude protein digestibility, which was higher for animals fed cottonseed meal and semi-integral soybean meal compared with those fed soybean meal. Based on the dry matter intake, milk yield and milk components, soybean meal can be replaced with semi-integral soybean meal.

Desempenho Leiteiro de Vacas Alimentadas com Palma Forrageira, Bagaço de Cana-de-Açúcar e Uréia Associados a Diferentes Suplementos

Objetivou-se avaliar a associacao da palma forrageira ao bagaco de cana-de-acucar e a ureia sobre a producao e composicao do leite em vacas de baixo potencial produtivo, suplementadas ou nao. Utilizaram-se cinco vacas da raca Girolando, primiparas, com media de producao de leite de 7,0 kg/dia, distribuidas aleatoriamente em delineamento quadrado latino 5 x 5. A racao controle (sem suplemento) foi composta de 67,4% de palma forrageira, 27,9% de bagaco de cana-de-acucar in natura, 2,7% de mistura ureia:sulfato de amonio (9:1) e 2,0% de mistura mineral, em base da MS. As vacas receberam suplementacao com base na PL (1,0 kg de suplemento/6,0 kg de leite). Os suplementos caracterizaram os tratamentos, juntos ao tratamento testemunha (controle), sendo: farelo de trigo, farelo de soja, farelo de algodao ou caroco de algodao. A proporcao dos ingredientes nas racoes para os animais suplementados foi, em media, 62,7% de palma forrageira, 26,0% de bagaco de cana-de-acucar, 2,5% de mistura ureia:sulfato de amonio, 1,9% de mistura mineral e 6,9% de suplemento. As diferentes fontes de suplemento proporcionaram desempenho semelhante para PL com ou sem correcao para o teor de gordura, sendo em media 7,0 e 7,4 kg/dia, respectivamente. Nao observaram-se diferencas significativas entre os tratamentos para o teor de gordura no leite, em media 4,5%. Os animais que receberam a dieta controle apresentaram porcentagem de solidos nao-gordurosos no leite semelhante aos suplementados. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n1p93-97