Luiz Evandro de Lima

Substituição parcial do farelo de soja por uréia e palma forrageira (Opuntia fícus indica Mill) em dietas para vacas em lactação: I. Desempenho

The work was carried out to evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal by urea and forage cactus on the performance of lactating dairy Holstein. Eight cows with 90 days in milk and 600 kg of initial average LW, were assigned in a two 4 X4 latin square design. The urea represented 0.0, 0.8, 1.54 and 2.40% of dry matter (DM) of the diets, correspondent to 2.32, 4.65, 6.66 and 8.02% of crude protein (CP) levels in the form of non protein nitrogen compounds (NPN), that represented the experimental treatments. There was a quadratics effect of levels of NPN on the intake of CP, with maximum intake of 3.3 kg/day with 4.71 % of NPN. The calcium (Ca) intake increased, and dray matter (DM); organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TCH), non fibercarbohydrates (NFC), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intakes decreased linearly. The intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and Phosphorus (P) was not affected by NPN levels. The milk production and fat corrected milk (3,5%) decresed linearly as levels of urea and forage cactus increased. The yield of fat, protein, milk composition and feed:eficiency ration was not affected by NPN levels.

Substituição do milho pela raspa de mandioca em dietas para vacas primíparas em lactação

This study was conducted to evaluate replacement of ground corn grain with cassava scrapings on nutrient intake, digestibility, and production of primiparous Holstein lactating dairy cows receivind diets containing forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica, Mill), sorghum silage and concentrate. Five cows averaging 60±15 of days in milk and initial body weight (BW) of 448 kg were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square with increasing levels of cassava scrapings in the diet: 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100%. Intakes of dry matter (DM) (kg, %BW and g/BW kg0.75), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nonfiber carbohidrates (NFC), total carbohydrates (TCHO), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) all were not affected by replacing ground corn with cassava scrapings in the diet. Similarly, increasing the dietary levels of cassava scrapings did not affect apparent digestibilities of nutrients (P>0.05). However, milk yield, milk yield corrected for 3.5% fat, and fat yield decreased linearly by 20, 30 and, 1.15 g/day, respectively, when corn grain was replaced with cassava scrapings. Feed efficiency, expressed as kg of 3.5% fat corrected milk per kg of DM, also decreased linearly by 0.001 per each unit of cassava scrapings added to the diet. No significant differences for milk fat content were observed among treatments in this trial.

Palma forrageira enriquecida com uréia em substituição ao feno de capim-tifton 85 em rações para vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação

The experiment was carried out with the objective to evaluate the nutrient intakes and milk production and composition of lactating cows fed with rations containing different levels (0; 12,5; 25,0; 37,5 and 50.0%) of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus Mill) and urea in substitution to the tifton grass hay. Five cows was distributed 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. The dry matter and organic matter showed a quadratic effect with the inclusion of spineless cactus and urea. The crude protein intake and milk fat were not affected by the inclusion of spineless cactus and urea in the diet. Nonfiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, feed efficiency, milk production and 3,5% fat corrected the milk production increased, while neutral detergent fiber and water intakes linearly decreased with the inclusion of spineless cactus and urea in the diet. The inclusion of spineless cactus and urea in substitution of tifton grass hay increases the energy intake and the milk production.

Substituição do milho e do feno de capim-tifton por palma forrageira. Produção de proteína microbiana e excreção de uréia e de derivados de purina em vacas lactantes

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of replacing Tifton hay and corn with forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill ) on microbial protein synthesis and efficiency and N metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Diets contained (% of DM): 0, 12.0, 25.0, 38.0, or 51.0%) of forage cactus. Five Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatments in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 17 days with 10 days for diet adaptation and seven days for data and sample collection. Urinary volume was estimated based on creatinine excretion in spot urine samples obtained four hours after feeding. Urinary volume (27.62 L), urinary excretion of uric acid (35.78 mmol/day) and allantoin (288.42 mmol/day), allantoin in milk (18.11 mmol/day), total allantoin (306.54 mmol/day), total excretion of purine derivatives (342.33 mmol/day), absorbed purines (350.03 mmol/day), microbial protein synthesis (1376.07g/day) and efficiency (115.38 g/kgNDT) were not affected by increasing the levels of forage cactus in the diet. The urinary excretion of urea (mg/kg BW) and the concentrations of urea and urea-N in plasma (mg/dL) decreased linearly while the concentrations of urea and urea-N in milk were not affected when the levels of forage cactus were increased in the diet. Corn can be completely replaced with forage cactus because microbial protein synthesis was not changed and urinary excretion of urea decreased linearly. However, Tifton hay was necessary in the diet to maintain microbial production.

Caroço de algodão em dietas à base de palma forrageira para vacas leiteiras: síntese de proteína microbiana

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusao de caroco de algodao em substituicao parcial a silagem de sorgo e ao farelo de soja em dietas a base de palma forrageira sobre a producao de proteina microbiana, a eficiencia de sintese de proteina microbiana e as concentracoes de ureia na urina e de ureia e N-ureia no plasma e no leite de vacas holandesas em lactacao. Foram utilizados cinco animais aos 50 dias de lactacao, distribuidos em quadrado latino 5 × 5. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco niveis (0,0; 6,25; 12,50; 18,75 e 25,00%) de inclusao de caroco de algodao na MS da dieta. A inclusao de caroco de algodao na dieta nao influenciou a sintese de nitrogenio ou proteina microbiana, cujos valores medios foram 295,08 e 1.844,27 g/dia, respectivamente. As eficiencias de sintese de nitrogenio e proteina microbiana diminuiram linearmente, em proporcoes de 0,30 e 1,43 g para cada 1% de caroco de algodao na dieta, respectivamente. Os niveis de ureia na urina e de ureia e N-ureia no plasma e no leite nao foram afetados pela inclusao de caroco de algodao na dieta. Portanto, em dietas a base de palma forrageira, a inclusao de caroco de algodao em niveis de ate 25% da MS nao interfere na sintese de proteina microbiana e nas concentracoes de ureia.