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Featured researches published by Federica Fontana.


Nature Communications | 2016

Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

Julien Soubrier; Graham Gower; Kefei Chen; Stephen M. Richards; Bastien Llamas; Kieren J. Mitchell; Simon Y. W. Ho; Pavel A. Kosintsev; Michael S. Y. Lee; Gennady F. Baryshnikov; Pere Bover; Joachim Burger; David Chivall; Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure; Jared E. Decker; Vladimir B. Doronichev; Katerina Douka; Damien A. Fordham; Federica Fontana; Carole Fritz; Jan Glimmerveen; Liubov V. Golovanova; Colin P. Groves; Antonio Guerreschi; Wolfgang Haak; Thomas Higham; Emilia Hofman-Kamińska; Alexander Immel; Marie-Anne Julien; Johannes Krause

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil record, ancestors of the wisent have alternated ecological dominance with steppe bison in association with major environmental shifts since at least 55 kya. Early cave artists recorded distinct morphological forms consistent with these replacement events, around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21–18 kya).


Cahiers Du Centre De Recherches Anthropologiques | 2013

Late Upper Palaeolithic human diet: first stable isotope evidence from Riparo Tagliente (Verona, Italy)

Valentina Gazzoni; G. Goude; Estelle Herrscher; Antonio Guerreschi; Fabrizio Antonioli; Federica Fontana

This article reports results of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotope analysis performed on the bone collagen of a Late Epigravettian human individual and 11 faunal remains from the Upper Palaeolithic deposits of Riparo Tagliente (Verona, Italy). Riparo Tagliente is located in Valpantena on the pre-alpine massif of Monti Lessini, at 250 m a.s.l. Its strategic position, about halfway from the plain and the top of the limestone plateau, has allowed the groups that occupied the site to exploit different ecosystems. The human skeleton comes from an incomplete burial excavated in 1973 and belongs to a young adult male. It is dated between 16,634 and 15,286 cal BP (OxA-10672). The δ13C (−18.4‰) and δ15N (13.0‰) values of the human individual are enriched compared to those of herbivores on average by +1.2‰ in 13C and +10.0‰ in 15N, and to the omnivores on average by +1.4‰ in 13C and +7.2‰ in 15N. Isotopic values would indicate an origin of proteins from terrestrial herbivores and high trophic level species. These data match with the results of taphonomic analyses carried out on the bone remains of herbivores, while the study of other species as fish is still in progress.RésuméDans l’objectif d’étudier les modes de subsistance à l’Épigravettien récent, des analyses isotopiques (carbone et azote) ont été réalisées sur le collagène osseux d’un sujet humain et de plusieurs espèces animales de la série Paléolithique supérieur de Riparo Tagliente (Vérone, Italie). Le site est localisé dans le fond de vallée du Valpantena, sur le massif préalpin des Monts Lessini, à 250 m au-dessus du niveau marin. Ce site occupe une position qui favorise l’accès a différents écosystèmes, environ à mi-chemin entre la plaine et le sommet du plateau calcaire. Les restes humains sont ceux d’un jeune adulte de sexe masculin, datés entre 16634-15286 cal BP. Les valeurs isotopiques du sujet humain (δ13C : −18,4 ‰ ; δ15N : 13,0 ‰) montrent un enrichissement important comparativement à la faune herbivore (+1,2 ‰ en 13C et +10,0‰ en 15N) et par rapport à la faune omnivore du même site (+1,4‰ en 13C et +7,2 ‰ en 15N). Les valeurs isotopiques (δ13C, δ15N) enregistrées sur le sujet indiquent que les protéines consommees ont plusieurs origines impliquant des espèces de niveaux trophiques différents. L’etude des traces de boucherie sur la faune herbivore terrestre confirme une partie de ces résultats. Malgré la présence de poisson sur le site, aucune information n’est disponible à ce jour pour discuter des espèces concernées et de leur rôle dans l’alimentation humaine.


Cahiers Du Centre De Recherches Anthropologiques | 2011

Quelle mort ? Quelle vie ? Pratiques funéraires et organisation sociale des chasseurs-cueilleurs de la péninsule italienne

Valentina Gazzoni; Federica Fontana

RésuméPartant du principe selon lequel les pratiques funéraires représentent le résultat de l’interaction entre plusieurs facteurs—symbolique, social, environnemental—cette étude ne se limite pas à décrire la seule variabilité des rites dans le temps, mais s’efforce de rechercher les relations possibles entre l’organisation sociale des groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs et les pratiques funéraires au Paléolithique supérieur et au Mésolithique dans la péninsule italienne. L’étude a été conduite sur l’ensemble des sépultures de cette période, soit un total de 20 sites et de 77 inhumations, en utilisant une base de données relationnelle permettant de comparer les informations issues de l’analyse des différents dépôts funéraires selon leur contexte chronostratigraphique, les données biologiques et les caractéristiques du rite. Les résultats mettent en évidence une variabilité dans le temps et dans l’espace avec des transformations majeures entre le début et la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, et cela jusqu’au Mésolithique. La comparaison de ces résultats avec les informations provenant de l’analyse des autres témoignages archéologiques nous pousse à interpréter ces transformations comme le reflet d’une nouvelle structuration sociale des groupes humains. Cette structuration peut être mise en relation avec des phénomènes de réorganisation territoriale se mettant en place à partir du Tardiglaciaire, à la suite de mutations géographiques et environnementales.AbstractAssuming that the burial practices are the result of the interaction between several factors — symbolic, social and environmental — this study aims not only at describing the variability of rituals in time but also at tracing possible relationships on the social organisation of Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups of the Italian peninsula. Analyses have been carried out on the entire sample of burials in this period, amounting to a total of 20 sites and 77 inhumations, using a relational database; this database allows elaborating and comparing the information collected and organised according to three different levels: chronostratigraphic context, anthropological data and elements of the ritual. The results show a high variability of rituals in both time and space with some major changes between the most ancient phase of Upper Palaeolithic and the most recent one including the Mesolithic. Comparing these results with information from the analysis of archaeological record led us to interpret these changes as the reflection of a new social organisation of human groups. This organisation appears to be linked with the territorial rearrangements that took place from the Late Glacial, due to geographic and environmental changes.


Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica | 2018

Between the Forest and the Lake. The Open-Air Late Epigravettian Site of Arco Via Serafini (Trento, Northern Italy)

Elisabetta Mottes; Michele Bassetti; Marco Avanzini; Francesco Boschin; Maria Giovanna Cremona; Michela Cottini; Giampaolo Dalmeri; Daniela Festi; Federica Fontana; Klaus Oeggl; Mauro Rottoli

The open-air multi-layered site of Arco Via Serafini (Trento, Northern Italy), is situated in the flood plain of the River Sarca (80 m a.s.l.).The stratigraphic sequence allowed documentation of two phases of Late Epigravettian occupation with 14 structured areas in the context of the Younger Dryas.


Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica | 2018

La più antica occupazione tardoglaciale nelle Dolomiti Bellunesi: primi dati dal sito epigravettiano di Casera Staulanza (Val di Zoldo, BL)

Federica Fontana; Davide Visentin; Stefano Bertola; Alice Soncin; Michele Bassetti; Paolo Mozzi; Carlo Giovanni Sangiorgi; Maria Chiara Turrini

The most ancient Late Glacial occupation of the Belluno Dolomites: first data from the open-air Epigravettian site of Casera Staulanza (Val di Zoldo, BL)


Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica | 2018

Novità sul Mesolitico dell’Italia settentrionale: gli ultimi cacciatori-raccoglitori di pianura e il caso-studio dell’area delle Sorgenti del Sile

Federica Fontana; Davide Visentin; Paolo Mozzi; Tiziano Abbà; Stefano Bertola; Daniele Guerra; Chiara Scarazzato

Something new on the Mesolithic of Northern Italy: the last hunter-gatherers of the plain and the case-study of the river Sile spring area


Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica | 2018

Utilizzo dei sistemi GIS per la revisione di dati stratigrafici da depositi plurifase: il caso-studio di Riparo Tagliente (Stallavena di Grezzana, VR)

Antonio Pozzato; Davide Visentin; Fabio Cavulli; Maria Chiara Turrini; Federica Fontana

Application of GIS systems for the revision of stratigraphical data from multi-phase deposits: the case-study of Riparo Tagliente (Stallavena di Grezzana, VR)


Sezione di Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica | 2018

Variabilità e modalità di confezione delle punte a dorso nel Tardoglaciale: i casi studi di Riparo Tagliente (VR, Italia) e Troubat (Hautes-Pyrénées, Francia)

Nicolò Fasser; Davide Visentin; Federica Fontana; Michel Barbaza; Célia Fat-Cheung

Al fine di indagare le modalita di confezione delle punte a dorso nel Tardoglaciale, da un punto di vista diacronico e spaziale, si e scelto di analizzare il materiale di due siti, rispettivamente riferibili all’Epigravettiano recente e all’Aziliano: Riparo Tagliente (VR, Italia) e la grotta/riparo di Troubat (Hautes-Pyrenees, Francia).


L'Italia tra 15.000 e 10.000 anni fa cosmopolitismo e regionalità nel tardoglaciale | 2005

L'Epigravettiano recente nell'area prealpina e alpina orientale

Stefano Bertola; Alberto Broglio; P. F. Cassoli; Cristina Cilli; Anna Cusinato; Giampaolo Dalmeri; Mirco De Stefani; Ivana Fiore; Federica Fontana; Giacomo Giacobini; Antonio Guerreschi; Fabio Gurioli; Cristina Lemorini; Jérémie Liagre; Giancarla Malerba; Cyril Montoya; Marco Peresani; Antonio Rocci Ris; Patrizia Rossetti; Antonio Tagliacozzo; Sara Ziggiotti


Preistoria alpina | 1992

Mondeval de Sora: a high altitude Mesolithic campsite in the Italian Dolomites

Giancarlo Alciati; Laura Cattani; Federica Fontana; Elisabetta Gerhardinger; Antonio Guerreschi; Sarah Milliken; Paolo Mozzi; Peter Rowley-Conwy

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