Fernando Santana de Paiva

Estilos parentais e consumo de drogas entre adolescentes: revisão sistemática

In order to understand alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption during adolescence, several researches have pointed out the family as an important risk or protection factor. This study aims to accomplish a systematic review of scientific papers regarding the association between parental styles and socialization practices and psychoactive substances consumption among adolescents. The articles were researched in three databases - Medline, Adolec and Pubmed -, using two terms in order to restrict the bibliographic search: parental styles and parental monitoring together with substance use. The final sample was constituted of 30 papers from different countries. We could verify a significant association between alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption in adolescence and parental styles and practices. Such findings demonstrate the importance of getting to know this relationship in the Brazilian context.In order to understand alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption during adolescence, several researches have pointed out the family as an important risk or protection factor. This study aims to accomplish a systematic review of scientific papers regarding the association between parental styles and socialization practices and psychoactive substances consumption among adolescents. The articles were researched in three databases – Medline, Adolec and Pubmed –, using two terms in order to restrict the bibliographic search: parental styles and parental monitoring together with substance use. The final sample was constituted of 30 papers from different countries. We could verify a significant association between alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption in adolescence and parental styles and practices. Such findings demonstrate the importance of getting to know this relationship in the Brazilian context.En el intento de comprenderse el consumo abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas durante la adolescencia, innumeras investigaciones apuntan la familia como un importante factor de riesgo o proteccion. Asi, el presente articulo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revision sistematica sobre trabajos cientificos relativos a la asociacion entre los estilos y practicas parentales de socializacion y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre adolescentes. Los articulos fueran investigados en tres bancos de datos - Medline, Adolec y Pubmed, siendo utilizados dos descriptores en la busqueda bibliografica: parental styles y parental monitoring juntamente con substance use. La muestra final fue constituida por 30 articulos provenientes de diferentes paises. A traves de los resultados de este trabajo, fue posible constatar una significativa asociacion entre el consumo abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas en la adolescencia y los estilos y practicas parentales. Estos hallazgos apuntan la importancia de conocer esta relacion en el contexto brasileno.

Parenting Styles and Alcohol Consumption Among Brazilian Adolescents

Aim: This study evaluates the correlation between alcohol consumption in adolescence and parenting styles of socialization among Brazilian adolescents. The sample was composed of 273 adolescents, 58% whom were males. Instruments were: 1) Sociodemographic Questionnaire; 2) Demand and Responsiveness Scales; 3) Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI). Study analyses employed multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression. Results: Maternal, but not paternal, authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were directly related to adolescent alcohol intake. Conclusions: The style that mothers use to interact with their children may influence uptake of high-risk behaviors.

Desatando a trama das redes assistenciais sobre drogas: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Acalorados debates sobre determinados modelos de tratamento para usuarios de drogas ocorrem no âmbito da academia, das politicas publicas, alem da midia. A rede assistencial sobre drogas e apresentada neste contexto como um importante mecanismo, mas sua construcao torna-se um desafio. Assim, realizou-se uma analise critica da literatura academica acerca das redes assistenciais sobre drogas, na forma de uma revisao narrativa, visando levantar seus desafios e possibilidades de consolidacao. Os resultados encontrados foram: a) uma escassez de estudos especificos sobre a rede assistencial sobre drogas; b) cobertura insuficiente e desintegrada frente a demanda de tratamento; c) necessidade de se repensar o papel dos Centros de Atencao Psicossocial para Alcool e outras Drogas, visando seu fortalecimento, expansao, melhoria estrutural e readequacao de praticas; d) ausencia de analises criticas sobre o processo de construcao dos modelos assistenciais sobre drogas nos servicos publicos; e, e) responsabilidade do Estado em fornecer melhores alternativas ao panorama encontrado, avancando no fortalecimento das acoes intersetoriais, articulacao do cuidado e no aprimoramento das condicoes de trabalho.Heated debates on given models of treatment for drug users have raged in the halls of academia, in public policies, not to mention in the media. The care network on drugs is presented in this context as an important mechanism for users, but its construction turns out to be a challenge. Therefore, a critical analysis and narrative review of the scientific literature on the care network on drugs was conducted, seeking to pinpoint the challenges and opportunities for its consolidation. The results found include: a) a lack of specific studies on the care network on drugs; b) insufficient and disjointed coverage regarding the demand for treatment; c) the need to rethink the role of the Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and other Drugs, seeking to strengthen, expand, structurally improve and readjust their practices; d) lack of critical analysis about the construction process of care models on drugs in public services; and e) the States responsibility to provide better alternatives to the existing panorama revealed, making progress on strengthening intersectorial actions, structuring care and improving working conditions.

Metodologia de implementação de práticas preventivas ao uso de drogas na atenção primária latino-americana

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver uma metodologia para implementacao de praticas de prevencao ao uso de alcool e outras drogas no âmbito da atencao primaria a saude (APS) que contribua com o debate sobre acoes e politicas nos paises latino-americanos. METODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervencao realizada em um municipio brasileiro de pequeno/medio porte. O processo foi avaliado atraves da observacao participante, visando adequacao as necessidades locais e ressaltando pontos de facilitacao e dificuldade na implantacao. RESULTADOS: Foi desenvolvido um modelo com seis etapas: contato inicial e planejamento, diagnostico e mapeamento, sensibilizacao, capacitacao, acompanhamento e devolutiva. Foram percebidos os seguintes pontos de dificuldade: insuficiencia de recursos (humanos, financeiros, infraestrutura), falta de integralidade e intersetorialidade da rede assistencial, falta de participacao dos medicos, formacao calcada no saber medico, participacao insuficiente da gestao de saude, falta de mobilizacao e participacao da sociedade civil, ausencia de momentos onde a populacao fosse convidada a participar do planejamento e execucao das politicas publicas. Pontos fortes foram: participacao dos agentes comunitarios e enfermeiros na aplicacao, organizacao e planejamento das praticas, alem da realizacao de praticas educacionais e preventivas nas escolas e comunidades pelas equipes de saude. Isso indica que e possivel implementar iniciativas de triagem, intervencao breve e encaminhamento para tratar (SBIRT) no contexto da APS latino-americana. CONCLUSOES: A metodologia desenvolvida neste estudo pode ser util para paises latino-americanos desde que sejam consideradas as necessidades locais. Entretanto, os resultados serao observados apenas a medio e longo prazo, sem mudancas instantâneas.

Parental styles and consumption of drugs among adolescents

In order to understand alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption during adolescence, several researches have pointed out the family as an important risk or protection factor. This study aims to accomplish a systematic review of scientific papers regarding the association between parental styles and socialization practices and psychoactive substances consumption among adolescents. The articles were researched in three databases - Medline, Adolec and Pubmed -, using two terms in order to restrict the bibliographic search: parental styles and parental monitoring together with substance use. The final sample was constituted of 30 papers from different countries. We could verify a significant association between alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption in adolescence and parental styles and practices. Such findings demonstrate the importance of getting to know this relationship in the Brazilian context.In order to understand alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption during adolescence, several researches have pointed out the family as an important risk or protection factor. This study aims to accomplish a systematic review of scientific papers regarding the association between parental styles and socialization practices and psychoactive substances consumption among adolescents. The articles were researched in three databases – Medline, Adolec and Pubmed –, using two terms in order to restrict the bibliographic search: parental styles and parental monitoring together with substance use. The final sample was constituted of 30 papers from different countries. We could verify a significant association between alcohol and other drugs abusive consumption in adolescence and parental styles and practices. Such findings demonstrate the importance of getting to know this relationship in the Brazilian context.En el intento de comprenderse el consumo abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas durante la adolescencia, innumeras investigaciones apuntan la familia como un importante factor de riesgo o proteccion. Asi, el presente articulo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revision sistematica sobre trabajos cientificos relativos a la asociacion entre los estilos y practicas parentales de socializacion y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre adolescentes. Los articulos fueran investigados en tres bancos de datos - Medline, Adolec y Pubmed, siendo utilizados dos descriptores en la busqueda bibliografica: parental styles y parental monitoring juntamente con substance use. La muestra final fue constituida por 30 articulos provenientes de diferentes paises. A traves de los resultados de este trabajo, fue posible constatar una significativa asociacion entre el consumo abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas en la adolescencia y los estilos y practicas parentales. Estos hallazgos apuntan la importancia de conocer esta relacion en el contexto brasileno.

A percepção profissional e comunitária sobre a reinserção social dos usuários de drogas

O processo de reinsercao social de usuarios de substâncias psicoativas tem se configurado como uma das principais estrategias da Politica Nacional sobre Drogas. Haja vista que o uso de substâncias emerge como um dos principais problemas de saude publica na atualidade, o presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender as percepcoes dos atores sociais inseridos nas politicas da saude, assistencia social e liderancas comunitarias acerca do processo de reinsercao social dos usuarios de drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, onde foram realizadas doze entrevistas semiestruturadas com diferentes informantes-chave, inseridos em um territorio com elevados indicadores de uso de drogas. Os resultados apontam para os desafios no processo de insercao efetiva dos usuarios de drogas em razao da existencia de uma rede assistencial multissetorial, um profundo processo de estigmatizacao social, a naturalizacao do uso de drogas, a responsabilizacao da familia, alem da sobrecarga de trabalho nas politicas publicas.The process of social reinsertion of users of psychoactive substances has been marked as one of the main strategies of National Drug Policy in Brazil. Considering that substance use is emerging as a main public health problems in the present, this paper aims to understand the perceptions of social actors embedded in the policies of health, social care and community leaders about the process of social reinsertion of drug users. This is a qualitative research, where were made twelve semi-structured interviews with different key informants, entered into a territory with high indicators of drug use. The results point to the challenges in the process of effective integration of drug users because the existence of a multisectoral care network, a profound process of social stigmatization, naturalization of drug use, accountability family, beyond the workload in public policy.

Expectativas sobre os efeitos do uso de álcool entre adolescentes

Estudos epidemiologicos tem apontado o elevado consumo de alcool entre adolescentes, sendo este um comportamento multideterminado. As expectativas positivas com relacao ao alcool vem sendo indicadas como um dos fatores que podem exercer influencias importantes no inicio e na manutencao do uso de alcool. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a correlacao entre expectativas positivas sobre os efeitos do alcool e o padrao de consumo entre adolescentes. Participaram da pesquisa 270 adolescentes, com idade media de 15,8, provenientes de tres escolas publicas federais, que responderam a um questionario sociodemografico, ao Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) e o Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire – Adolescentet Form (EAQ-A). Os resultados encontrados indicaram uma correlacao positiva entre frequencia do consumo de alcool, quantidade de doses e idade com as expectativas globais positivas. Estes resultados podem favorecer o planejamento de estrategias preventivas no combate ao consumo de bebidas alcoolicas durante a adolescencia.

Capacitação em álcool e outras drogas para profissionais da saúde e assistência social: relato de experiência

Como alternativa ao panorama deficitario de formacao profissional para atuacao na area do uso de alcool e outras drogas, e visando a incorporacao de mudancas praticas, sao criados os Centros Regionais de Referencia sobre Drogas (CRRs). Faz-se necessario compreender e refletir sobre o papel dos CRRs nos cenarios de formacao e atuacao sobre a tematica. A partir disso, o presente artigo pretende discutir aspectos sobre a capacitacao de profissionais do Sistema Unico de Saude e Assistencia Social, por meio do relato de experiencia de um CRR de Minas Gerais. A implantacao do presente CRR possibilitou a qualificacao de profissionais em direcao a abordagens integrais e reflexivas sobre a tematica. Contudo, sao necessarias reformulacoes sobre o seu modelo, com uma posicao mais bem definida e atuante dentro das politicas sobre drogas, garantindo continuidade nas acoes e auxiliando na reformulacao das praticas.

Developing a method of implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in primary health care settings of Brazil and Latin America

Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) appears to be an important tool in Brazil and Latin America to address the use/abuse of alcohol and other drugs and to help implement and organize preventive activities, particularly in the services of primary health care (PHC). Nevertheless, there are few studies evaluating the implementation of SBIRT in PHC of Latin American countries, identifying elements that promote positive results in the prevention and/or reduction of consumption according to each situation. Therefore, this study presents a method for implementing SBIRT developed in the PHC of a small/medium Brazilian city, highlighting challenges and possibilities for its dissemination in other cities and countries in Latin America. This is a research intervention, with data collection and evaluation through participant observation. The entire process was evaluated to the suitability to local needs, determining factors that could facilitate or impede its implementation. The method developed consisted of six stages: initial contact and planning, diagnosis and mapping, raising awareness, training and monitoring. In the process of implementation the hindering points detected were: insufficient resources (human, financial, infrastructure), shortage of integration and intersectional health care settings, lack of participation by physicians, focus in dependence, scarcity of participation of civil society and absence of spaces where this population could participate. However, the participation of community health workers and nurses in the implementation and organization of SBIRT, the actions implemented by health teams, such as educational and preventive practices in schools and discussion groups with communities, are positive prospects for the implementation of SBIRT in the Latin American PHC context. Finally, the method presented is considered a useful model to other Latin American cities and countries, with necessary adaptations. Despite the advances, progress is needed in preventing alcohol and other drug abuse in Latin America, with long-term measures.

Drugs and Poverty: Interfaces of Oppression in the Capitalist World

The topic of drugs and poverty is part of a discussion that is the reality of Brazil and other countries. These two issues have together had an impact on processes of oppression in people’s lives. This chapter aims to discuss the impact and functions of drug use among populations living in poverty. We discuss some misconceptions that occur when linking the structural responsibilities of the capitalist system only to people who experience the naturalization of poverty, blame for their situation, and criminalization of the use of drugs. Discrimination practices develop as a result of stigmatization of social classes and drug use issues, creating humiliation, feelings of shame, and fatalistic behavior. Actions of denaturalization and decriminalization are presented, using a contextualized view of social problems. An analysis of the implications of such practices in the lives of people who go through contexts of poverty and drug use is also presented.