Venézio Felipe dos Santos

Caracterização física e físico-química de frutos de cajá-umbu (Spondias spp.)

This work had as objective the physical and physico-chemical characterization of fruits of caja-umbu (Spondias spp.) genotypes cultivated under climatic conditions of the Zone of Forest of Pernambuco, aiming at identifying promising materials for commercial use and for works of genetic improvement. Fruits of caja-umbu from a collection of germ-plasm installed at experimental Station of Itambe-Pe were submitted to the following determinations: fruit and seed weight (FW and SW), pulp yield (PY), relation between longitudinal and transversal diameter (LD/TD), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA) and the relation TSS/TTA. it was evidenced that the weight of the fruits and the seeds had presented significant variation without, however, presenting difference in the RP and relation Ld/td of the fruits. the pH, TSS, TTA and TSS/TTA for the fruits from the genotypes showed significant differences.

Genetic variability for agronomic characteristics in lettuce progenies with heat tolerance

Lettuce progenies with tolerance to early bolting were evaluated in relation to commercially desirable agronomic characters, as well as to estimate important genetic components for crop breeding. The experimental design was random blocks with three replications and 18 treatments (13 progenies F7, the genitors Verdinha, Regina, and Tinto, and cultivars Luisa and Baba de Verao). The genetic, phenotypic, and environmental variances, the heritability, and the correlation among the characters number of leaves, plant and leaves fresh weight, plant diameter, stem length, and bolting, were estimated. The F test was significant (p<0,01) for all the studied characteristics. In the clustering of means by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability, treatments were assembled in two groups, except for plant diameter, in which cultivar Tinto remained isolated in a third group. The genetic variance was higher than the environmental variance for all evaluated characteristics, and the heritability, below 90%, revealed the environmental influence over some characters. When bolting was correlated to the other characteristics, results were positive and significant for most combinations, considering the genetic correlations. Under these experimental conditions, progeny 76 stood out for its low stem length and reduced bolting index, although its commercial performance was inferior to the control cultivars, genitors, and some other progenies.

Resistência de cultivares e híbridos de cebola a tripes

Resistance to Thrips tabaci was estimated for onion cultivars ValeOuro IPA-11, Roxa IPA-3, Belem IPA-9, Texas Grano-502, Brownsville and Duquesa, and for the hybrids Dessex and Granex Ouro. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in Juazeiro, Bahia State, Brazil, without the use of chemical control. Leaf characters were evaluated at 26; 48 and 69 days after transplanting date (DAT), and yield characters were evaluated at 93 DAT. The experiment design was total randomized blocks with three replications. The cv. Duquesa showed the lowest number of immature forms of T. tabaci, which was associated with the lowest number of leaves and the largest degree of insertion between the central leaves, suggesting a nonpreference type of resistance. The cv. Duquesa and hybrids Granex Ouro and Dessex were mode\rately resistant to the thrips based on yield characters and on the number of immature forms of the insect.

Avaliação de caracteres quantitativos relacionados com o crescimento vegetativo entre cultivares de café arábica de porte baixo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar associacao entre caracteres quantitativos relacionados com o crescimento vegetativo em cultivares de porte baixo de cafe arabica (Coffea arabica L.). O experimento foi desenvolvido na Unidade Experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (IPA), municipio de Brejao (PE), localizado na mesorregiao do agreste e na microrregiao de Garanhuns, no ano agricola de 2004/2005. O delineamento usado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e doze tratamentos constituidos por cultivares de porte baixo. Os caracteres foram avaliados atraves da analise de variância, estimativa dos parâmetros dos componentes da covariância e determinismo genetico e dos coeficientes de correlacoes. Os resultados detectaram nas cultivares estudadas diferencas para altura das plantas e comprimento dos ramos palagiotropicos. As cultivares Topazio MG 1189, Catucai, Obata IAC 1669-20 e Topazio MG 1190 sao as melhores em desenvolvimento nos 12 primeiros meses de crescimento. O diâmetro de caule esta fortemente correlacionado positivamente com o comprimento de ramos plagiotropicos quando avaliada o incremento de crescimento. Quando avaliada aos 12 meses, o carater altura de plantas correlacionou-se negativa e altamente significativa com o diâmetro de copa e o comprimento dos ramos plagiotropicos, negativamente a numero de ramos plagiotropicos secundarios e positivamente com o numero de internodios de ramos plagiotropicos.

Seleção de genótipos de arroz tolerantes à salinidade durante a fase vegetativa

The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of tolerance and sensibility to the salinity of genoty,pes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the vegetative phase of the plant. The experiment was lead under greenhouse conditions at IPA (Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuaria), in 1996. Twelve genotypes of rice had been evaluated, being ten tolerant and two sensible ones to salinity in the vegetative development stadium. The randomized blocks design were performed into three repetitions of factorials arrangements (twelve genotypes x four levels of NaCl). Results had evidenced variability existence among the genotypes of rice, in the specific population, for tolerance and sensitivity to the salinity. Samples PR492, PR504, CNA8250, CNA8262 and CNA8267 can be considered tolerant to salinity, while the genotypes CNA8270, CNA8258, CNA8269, PR475 and PR477 are sensible to salinity of soil during the vegetative phase.

Genetic study with Heliconia psittacorum and interspecific hybrids

Um estudo genetico sobre sete cultivares de H. psittacorum e hibridos interespecificos de Heliconia foi conduzido. O diâmetro da haste (DH) apresentou maior estimativa de herdabilidade (99,32 %), maior coeficiente de variacao genetica (56,90 %) e CVg/CVe (1,85), refletindo uma situacao favoravel para selecao. As correlacoes geneticas de DH com dias para emissao da inflorescencia (DEI) (0,64), periodo desde a emissao do perfilho ate a colheita da inflorescencia (CICLO) (0,63) e massa da haste (MH) (0,96), demonstram que, genotipos com hastes de diâmetro maior, apresentaram maior tempo da emissao a colheita da inflorescencia e maior massa da haste. O comprimento da inflorescencia (CI), DH e DEI foram os caracteres mais importantes, responsaveis por 99,55 % da variacao total. Os valores de repetibilidade foram acima de 0,60 para DH e CI e os coeficientes de determinacao acima de 93 % para DH, MH, DEI e CI.

Características físico-químicas de acerola do banco ativo de germoplasma em Pernambuco

Physicochemical characteristics of mature acerola fruits from 12 genotypes cultivated at Active Germoplasm Bank of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), harvested at winter/1999, summer/2000 and summer/2001, were analyzed. The joint analysis of these fruits showed the following average variation: ascorbic acid 1067 to 1846mg/100g of fruit pulp; total anthocyanins 3.8 to 47.4mg/100g of fruit pulp; total flavonols 7.0 to 18.5 quercetin mg/100g of fruit pulp; titratable acidity (TA) 1.04 to 1.87g of malic acid/100g of fruit pulp; total soluble solids (TSS) 7.0 to 8.4oBrix; TSS/TA ratio 4.4 to 6.9 and pH 3.11 to 3.41. Considering the characteristics analyzed, all genotypes, except 015-CPA, which showed ascorbic acid level lower than the transformation industry standard, are potentially promising.

Correlações entre caracteres agronômicos associados à resistência a tripes em cebola

Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlation between agronomic characteristics and Thrips tabaci resistance were determined in 62 half-sibs progenies of onion ValeOuro IPA-11 cultivar. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Juazeiro, Bahia State, Brazil, with evaluations at 48; 69 and 93 days after transplant (DAT). Commercial bulb yield (PBC) presented genotypic correlation with leaf length (CF) (0,63**); leaf number (NTF) (0,74**); damaged leaf number (NFD) (0,74**); commercial bulb average weight (PMBC) (0,54**); commercial bulb yield (%BC) (0,61**); and non-commercial bulb yield (%BNC) (-0,63**). Genotypic correlations were observed in the number of ninfas of T. tabaci between two fully developed central leaves (NINFA), at 69 DAT and central leaf angle (ANG) (-0,76**); NTF (0,46**); %BC (-0,35**); and yield of unproductive plants (%I) (0,39**). These correlations indicate that lower NINFA numbers occur in plants with lower NTF and higher ANG. Lower NTF plants, on the other hand, have higher ANG (-0,92**). Never thelessNTF correlated positively with PBC, PMBC (0,45**) and %BC (0,43**). Positive genotypic correlations between NFD and PBC, PMBC (0,40**) and %BC (0,51**), imply that this population presents resistance through tolerance.

Caracterização morfológica de genótipos de coentro

Few coriander cultivars (Coriandrum sativum L.) are available to producers and, in some regions, are grown genotypes of unknown origin, kept by the growers themselves. To conserve such traditional crops it is necessary to collect, save, and characterize them. Thus, this study was to determine morphological characters to differentiate coriander genotypes aiming the registration of cultivars. Two trials were carried out, and the experimental design used in both was in completely randomized blocks with five replications. Americano, Asteca, Palmeira, Portugues, Santo, Superia, Tabocas, Tapacura, and Verdao cultivars, and the line HTV-9299 were characterized for seedling, leaflets, leaves, fruits, and flowers. The data were subjected to a univariate ANOVA. The fruits of cv. Palmeira exhibited greater size and mass. As regards the presence of anthocyanins in seedlings and plants, cv. Americano showed the lowest intensity or slight pigmentation while cv. Tabocas had the highest pigmentation. The cultivars Americano, Palmeira, Asteca, Verdao, and Tabocas and the line HTV-9299 displayed higher number of basal leaves, however, the genotypes that produced larger amount of mass per plant were Tabocas, Palmeira, Verdao, HTV-9299, and Tapacura. The green tone of leaflets showed differences among cultivars. So, cv. Americanos leaflets exhibited a light green, slightly yellowish color, HTV-9299 green, and Tabocas dark green. The morphological traits with higher discriminatory power for the group of the ten evaluated cultivars were: size and weight of fruits; presence or absence of anthocyanin in seedlings and plants; number of basal leaves; length of the fifth leaf; size and color of leaflets; number of days to bolting initiation, and opening of the first flower, and plant fresh mass.

Variabilidade genética em progênies de meios-irmãos de coentro

A large number of producers are involved in the cultivation of coriander throughout the year in Brazil, making it a crop of social and economic importance. Throughout nearly the entire Northeast Region, cultivar Verdao is used. Genetic variability studies on coriander are important for the proper planning of genetic improvement programs. The aim of the present study was to quantify the genetic variability for agronomic characteristics in cv. Verdao to contribute information toward genetic improvement. The study was developed at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in a greenhouse, using randomized blocks of 28 plants in two pots and five replications. The treatments were composed of 55 half-sib progenies from cultivar Verdao. The t test detected significance at 1 and 5% likelihood between the genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations. Broad sense heritability ranged from 7.19 for average plant weight to 81.09 for number of bolted plants. The ratio between genetic and environmental coefficients of variation (CVg/CVe) ranged from 0.27 (average weight) to 2.07 (number of bolted plants), indicating that selection against bolting presents more favorable conditions in terms of immediate genetic gains. The genotype correlation between height of non-bolted plants and the number of bolted plants was considered strong (0.86) and highly significant (t test), enabling simultaneous gains from selection.