Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira

COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO E PARÂMETROS FISOLÓGICOS DE NOVILHOS ALIMENTADOS COM TORTAS DO BIODIESEL

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de tortas oriundas da producao de biodiesel (dende, amendoim e girassol) em substituicao ao farelo de soja, avaliou-se o comportamento ingestivo e parâmetros fisiologicos de novilhos Holandes x Zebu submetidos a dietas contendo estes subprodutos. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos Holandes x Zebu, fistulados no rumen, mantidos em baias individuais e dispostos em um quadrado latino 4 x 4 repetido no tempo. O experimento teve duracao de 88 dias e os animais foram alimentados com feno de Tifton-85 e mistura concentrada com farelo de soja, tortas de dende, amendoim e girassol, que constituiram os quatro tratamentos. O comportamento ingestivo foi avaliado por observacao e registro dos tempos diarios despendidos com alimentacao, ruminacao e ocio. O comportamento bioclimatologico dos animais foi avaliado por intermedio das seguintes medicoes: frequencia respiratoria (FR), frequencia cardiaca (FC) e temperatura retal (TR). Nao houve diferenca entre as dietas para o tempo despendido tanto na ingestao, como na ruminacao (p>0,05), entretan- to, os animais que consumiram a dieta com torta de dende despenderam mais tempo em ocio (p<0,05). Nos parâmetros fisologicos, ocorreu diferenca apenas para frequencia cardiaca (FC), sendo a dieta sem torta adicional a que proporcionou o maior valor. A substituicao do farelo de soja pela torta de dende oriunda da producao do biodiesel na dieta de novilhos afetou o comportamento ingestivo dos animais.

Desempenho produtivo e custos com alimentação de búfalas lactantes submetidas a dietas com diferentes fontes de lipídeo

The objective was to evaluate the performance of lactating water buffalo fed diets with different fat sources. Twelve lactating water buffaloes were randomly distributed in four diets: without additional fat, soybean seed, cottonseed and soybean oil. The experimental period was 84 days, with four periods of 21 days (14 days for diet adaptation and 7 days for sample collections. The diets were fullfed, twice daily, as total mixed ration. At sample collections period, milk yield (kg/day) and 4% fat corrected milk (4%FCM) yield were evaluated. Four kg of milk were collected for mozzarella type cheese production. After mozzarella cheese production, it was determined the efficiency in relation to milk in natura and milk 45FCM. The fat sources did not affect daily milk production of water buffalo cows, however affected the 4%FCM, which was higher in the water buffalo cows that was fed diet with soybean seed. The efficiency of milk for Mozzarella production was higher for soybean oil diet. Feeding costs, per day and total (84 days) were higher for the diet with cottonseed, followed by soybean oil, without additional fat and soybean seed. The profitability for the milk sale was higher for diet with soybean grain, soybean oil, without additional lipid and with cottonseed, respectively, and for mozzarella sail was higher for soybean oil. As the main buffalo milk product is the mozzarella, results suggested that the diet with soybean oil content would be the best for lactating water buffalo.

Desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo sal forrageiro de espécies vegetais xerófitas

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de sal forrageiro sobre os consumos de sal forrageiro (CSF) e de feno de capim-pangola (Digitaria decumbens) e os consumos de materia seca (MS), proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose (HCEL), lignina e agua (AGU), alem do ganho de peso diario (GPD) e da conversao alimentar de cordeiros em confinamento. Os sais forrageiros foram compostos de farelos de fenos (90%) das dicotiledoneas, sal mineral (5%) e milho triturado (5%). Utilizaram-se 30 animais machos nao-castrados, mesticos Santa Ines, distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (sal mineral; sal forrageiro de leucena, Leucaena leucocephala; sal forrageiro da parte aerea de mandioca, Manihot esculenta; sal forrageiro de feijao-bravo, Macroptilium bracteatum; sal forrageiro de barriguda, Ceiba samauma; e sal forrageiro de quipe, Piptadenia moniliformis), cada um com cinco repeticoes. Os sais forrageiros de leucena e da parte aerea de mandioca promoveram melhores resultados de desempenho, ganhos de pesos totais e conversao alimentar, o que evidencia o potencial dessas forrageiras para formulacao de sal forrageiro, utilizado na suplementacao de dietas para cordeiros em confinamento.

Idade de desmame de cordeiros deslanados para terminação em confinamento, no litoral norte da Bahia

Thirty-two crossbred Santa Ines hair sheep lambs (16 males and 16 females) bred with their female progenitors on pasture of Brachiaria humidicola grass, supplemented in creep-feeding during the night, were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, four weaning ages (56, 70, 84 and 98 days) and sex to determine the best weaning age. At weaning, the lambs were confined in individual pens until 126 days old, when were daily fed Tifton 85 hay, water and mineral salt ad libitum and concentrate diet in the proportion of 2% body weight. There was a significant effect of weaning age vs sex interaction on DWC and DWG, where the males weaned at 84 days old were heavier than the females. No significant interaction of weaning age vs sex on DWBW and CFC was detected. Quadratic effects of weaning age on DWBW, DWG and CFC were noticed. No significant effect of sex on any of the studied parameters was detected. Seventy-six days weaned lambs maximized DWBW and DWG, while the most effective CFC was observed in seventy-two days weaned animals.

Performance of lambs supplemented with fodder salt Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.)

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate productive performance of lambs fed different levels of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) in the making of gliricidia forage salt. A total of 30 180-day-old male crossbred Santa Ines lambs of 25 kg body weight were confined in 1 m2 stalls, fed Tifton-85 (Cynadon spp.) hay, fodder salts and water ad libitum. The experimental design was randomized, composed of six repetitions of five treatments. The formulation of gliricidia forage salt was 0 (100% NaCl), 93, 95, 97 and 99% gliricidia hay with 7, 5, 3 and 1% NaCl, respectively. The experiment was conducted for 74 d, with 14 d for adaptation and 60 d for sampling. Gliricidia forage salt supplementation showed no effect (P>0.05) on dry matter, organic matter or neutral detergent fiber intake, although it affected (P<0.05) crude protein and ether extract intake. The highest performance of animals was observed in gliricidia forage salt with 99% addition of gliricidia.

Composição bromatológica do co-produto do desfibramento do sisal tratado com uréia

The experiment was carried out to evaluate addition effects of five urea levels with four ammonization periods on Agave sisalana residue chemical composition in the different storage times. It was used 300 kg of this co-product, equally distributed in 60 black polyethylene bags, which urea was added in the following concentrations: 0, 2, 4, 6 and, 8% over 0, 2, 4 and, 6 weeks storage periods. It was made determinations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and, non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). A completely randomized design was adopted, following factorial arrangement 5 ´ 4 (urea levels, ammonization periods), with three replications. The variance analyses showed significant effect of urea level on variables CP and DM. For ADF and NFC there were significant effects for the interaction level versus period of fermentation; for NDF variable it was not possible to adjust a statistical model. The CP rates grew linearly with the urea addition. Ammonization did not affect NDF rates. Crude protein level had a linear increase by urea addition. Besides, it was noticed that ADF rate increased in function of NFC decreasing. NFC rate reduced as a consequence of urea level increase, showing that it was likely used for microbial synthesis or carried with the effluent. It was concluded that the addition up to 8 % of urea increased the CP content and reduced the NFC and DMD contents with the increase in the storage time.

Desempenho de cordeiros deslanados terminados em confinamento e em pastagem com suplementação em alimentador restrito no Litoral Norte da Bahia

Forty-eight hair crossbred Santa Ines lambs (24 males and 24 females) grazing Brachiaria humidicola grass and creep fed until weaning were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments; six weaning ages: 56, 70, 84, 98, 126, and 140 days and two genders: male and female. Animals that were weaned from 56 to 98 days of age were feedlot fed until slaughter (126 days) while those weaned at 126 and 140 days were slaughtered at weaning. A significant weaning age x gender interaction was observed for total weight gain from birth to slaughter (TWG), daily weight gain from birth to slaughter (DWG), and hot carcass yield (HCY); males weaned at 84 days old had greater TWG and DWG than females while females weaned at 70 days old showed higher HCY than males weaned at the same age. Both TWG and DWG decreased linearly with weaning age while a significant quadratic effect was found for HCY. Ewes showed greater HCY than wethers in this trial. Total weight gain from birth to slaughter, DWG, and HCY averaged, respectively 16.49 kg, 128.72 g, and 40.10%.

Consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com sal forrageiro de faveleira (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus)

This study evaluated the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients by sheep fed with fodder salt with faveleira (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), with increasing levels of sodium chloride in the preparation. Twenty five sheep, mongrel, not castrated, placed in individual cages, and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates. Diets were offered the will containing 1, 3, 5 and 7% sodium chloride in the fodder salt. All animals also received grounded Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon sp) as basal diet abundant, and water abundant. All Diets were offered twice a day. Increasing levels of sodium chloride no fodder salt faveleira provided differences (P<0.05) on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients and non-fibrous carbohydrates, when compared to the control treatment. It is recommended maximum to include up to 3% of sodium chloride in the composition of forage salt faveleira, for providing improved intake of dry matter. All tested levels provided improvement inteke of crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates and also improved the apparent digestibility of all parameters when compared to the control treatment, however, the level of 1% inclusion of sodium chloride in the fodder salt faveleira showed better digestibility.

Medidas corporais e da carcaça de ovinos suplementados com diferentes níveis de sal forrageiro de faveleira

A suplementacao e uma importante forma de complementar a alimentacao dos animais de producao. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a inclusao de diferentes niveis de sal forrageiro nas medidas de biometria e morfometria da carcaca de ovinos mesticos Santa Ines x Dorper. Foram utilizados 30 ovinos machos, mesticos, com aproximadamente 150 dias de idade, os quais foram confinados em baias individuais. F oram distribuidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repeticoes. Foram a limentados com feno de capim tifton-85 (FCT-85), agua e sal forrageiro de favela ( Cnidoscolus quercifolius) ad libitum . Apos a pesagem final e imediatamente antes do abate dos animais, procedeu-se, com auxilio de uma regua antropometrica e uma fita metrica, as avaliacoes biometricas dos animais e apos o abate, foram mensuradas as medidas externas e internas da carcaca. Nao houve diferenca estatistica (P<0,05) entre os niveis de sal forrageiro nas caracteristicas de biometria e as medidas morfometricas nao foram afetadas estatisticamente com a inclusao do sal forrageiro de favela. Concluiu-se que a inclusao de ate 99% do feno de faveleira nao alterou as caracteristicas de biometria e morfometria das carcaca de ovinos mesticos Santa Ines. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v17n1p1-6

Estudos da coloração do pelame em relação às respostas produtivas de ovinos mestiços sob estresse calórico

The aim of this research was to evaluate the yield responses of crossbred sheep Santa Ines with Dorper, with an average age of four months, 15 of dark coat and 15 of white coat, under heat stress. The animals were exposed to solar radiation for one hour per week (14.00 - 15.00) for eight weeks. Measurements of height of the dorsum, rump height, chest width, rump width, thoracic perimeter, thigh perimeter, hind perimeter and scrotal perimeter were made. The animals were slaughtered and were weighed the following components: blood, skin, liver, heart, kidneys, head, legs, lungs, testicles and penis / urethra. The gastrointestinal tract was weighed full and empty. The hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight and calculated cooling losses and hot carcass yield and cold were evaluated; beyond of the commercial cuts: palette, leg, neck, loin and rib. Finishing and carcass conformation and color assessment, marbling, texture and subcutaneous fat thickness were also evaluated. Black sheeps had heavier kidneys than the white sheeps. Testicles, the hot carcass, palette, leg, rib and rump width of black sheeps were lighter towards animals white fur. Heat stress can cause disturbances in the metabolism of sheep, affecting their body condition and altering its development.