Soraya Maria Palma Luz Jaeger

Effects of dietary fat sources on intake, nutrient digestibility and plasma urea nitrogen for lactating water buffaloes.

The effects of fat sources on intake, nutrient digestibility and plasma urea nitrogen were evaluated in lactating water buffalo. Twelve females were randomly distributed into four treatments: without additional lipid, soybean grain, soybean oil and cottonseed. The experimental period was 84 days, with four 21-day periods (14 days for diet adaptation and 7 for collection). Diets were offered ad libitum, twice daily, as total mixed ration. At the collecting period, samples of food and surpluses were weighed and collected for chemical analysis. Faeces samples were collected from rectum for estimation of faecal dry matter production, using indigestible neutral detergent fiber as indicator, and consequently for apparent digestibility calculations. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intakes were similar between treatments. The ether extract intake was higher for soybean oil diet. The same behavior was observed for the total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake for this diet, since the previous diet showed higher TDN percentage. The digestibility coefficient for DM, CP, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and serum urea nitrogen were similar between diets. Different lipid sources in the diets for lactating water buffalo did not influence the DM intake and digestibility coefficient, when ether extract content was under 5%. However, the ether extract and fibrous fractions digestibility coefficients in diets with soybean grain and cottonseed were the lowest.

Carcass characteristics of bovines from four genetic groups fed diets with or without protected fat

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield and carcass characteristics of steers from the following four genetic group: Nellore (N), F1 Canchim x Nellore (CN), F1 Limousin x Nellore (LN) and F1 Aberdeen Angus x Nellore (NA). For this purpose, 32 steers, with age of 19 months and live weight average of 558 kg, raised in confinement and fed diet with and without protected fat for 166 days, were slaughtered. A completely randomized design, with four replicates, following a factorial scheme of 2 x 4 (diet, genetic group), was used. The effect of genetic group was observed on the prime cuts yield and the group NA presented the greatest yield means of the hindquarter (41.65%) and spare ribs (13.90%) and the group LN presented a greater yield of forequarter (47.40%). The loin eye area (AOL) was affected by the diet, showing means of 81.31 cm2 vs. 88.50 cm2 in the diets without and with protected fat, respectively. The physical composition of the carcass was affected by the genetic group, and the group LN showed the greatest percentage of muscle (63.62%) and the lowest percentage of fat tissue (21.65%), while the group Nellore showed the greatest percentage of fat tissue (28.28%) and the lowest percentage of muscle (56.76%). The chemical composition of the HH section was affected by the genetic group, and the greatest contents of crude protein were observed in the groups LN (27.24%) and CN (26.10%), and the ether extract in the group Nellore (68.35%), that did not differ form the AN (68.02%). The lowest contents of Ca, P and Mg (2.62; 1.32 and 0.081%) were observed in the group Nellore.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield and carcass characteristics of steers from the following four genetic group: Nellore (N), F1 Canchim x Nellore (CN), F1 Limousin x Nellore (LN) and F1 Aberdeen Angus x Nellore (NA). For this purpose, 32 steers, with age of 19 months and live weight average of 558 kg, raised in confinement and fed diet with and without protected fat for 166 days, were slaughtered. A completely randomized design, with four replicates, following a factorial scheme of 2 x 4 (diet, genetic group), was used. The effect of genetic group was observed on the prime cuts yield and the group NA presented the greatest yield means of the hindquarter (41.65%) and spare ribs (13.90%) and the group LN presented a greater yield of forequarter (47.40%). The loin eye area (AOL) was affected by the diet, showing means of 81.31 cm2 vs. 88.50 cm2 in the diets without and with protected fat, respectively. The physical composition of the carcass was affected by the genetic group, and the group LN showed the greatest percentage of muscle (63.62%) and the lowest percentage of fat tissue (21.65%), while the group Nellore showed the greatest percentage of fat tissue (28.28%) and the lowest percentage of muscle (56.76%). The chemical composition of the HH section was affected by the genetic group, and the greatest contents of crude protein were observed in the groups LN (27.24%) and CN (26.10%), and the ether extract in the group Nellore (68.35%), that did not differ form the AN (68.02%). The lowest contents of Ca, P and Mg (2.62; 1.32 and 0.081%) were observed in the group Nellore.

Desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo sal forrageiro de espécies vegetais xerófitas

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de sal forrageiro sobre os consumos de sal forrageiro (CSF) e de feno de capim-pangola (Digitaria decumbens) e os consumos de materia seca (MS), proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose (HCEL), lignina e agua (AGU), alem do ganho de peso diario (GPD) e da conversao alimentar de cordeiros em confinamento. Os sais forrageiros foram compostos de farelos de fenos (90%) das dicotiledoneas, sal mineral (5%) e milho triturado (5%). Utilizaram-se 30 animais machos nao-castrados, mesticos Santa Ines, distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (sal mineral; sal forrageiro de leucena, Leucaena leucocephala; sal forrageiro da parte aerea de mandioca, Manihot esculenta; sal forrageiro de feijao-bravo, Macroptilium bracteatum; sal forrageiro de barriguda, Ceiba samauma; e sal forrageiro de quipe, Piptadenia moniliformis), cada um com cinco repeticoes. Os sais forrageiros de leucena e da parte aerea de mandioca promoveram melhores resultados de desempenho, ganhos de pesos totais e conversao alimentar, o que evidencia o potencial dessas forrageiras para formulacao de sal forrageiro, utilizado na suplementacao de dietas para cordeiros em confinamento.

Composição centesimal e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilho precoce alimentado com lipídios protegidos

E crescente a preocupacao da populacao em ingerir dietas mais saudaveis, mantendo adequado o nivel de colesterol plasmatico, com consequente reducao na incidencia de doencas cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composicao centesimal e o perfil de acidos graxos da carne de novilho precoce de quatro grupos geneticos: Nelore (R1), Nelore x Canchin (R2), Nelore x Limousin (R3) e Nelore x Aberdeen Angus (R4), alimentados com dieta normal (D1) ou por outra constituida por lipidios protegidos (D2). Determinaram-se os teores de umidade, proteina, lipidios totais, residuo mineral fixo e o perfil de acidos graxos. Nao foram encontradas diferencas para os teores de umidade, proteina, lipidios totais, Acidos Graxos Saturados (AGS) e Acidos Graxos Monoinsaturados (AGMI). A dieta protegida ocasionou aumento do teor total de Acidos Graxos Poliinsaturados (AGPI), quando comparada a D1. Por sua vez, animais que receberam D1 apresentaram maior teor de AGPI w-3 que os da D2. Verificou-se que as tecnicas de nutricao animal utilizadas neste estudo garantiram um produto com maior teor de AGPI, caracteristica esta desejavel na saude humana. Fazem-se necessarios novos estudos, utilizando-se modelos experimentais, para que sejam avaliados os efeitos da carne de novilho precoce na colesterolemia.

Idade de desmame de cordeiros deslanados para terminação em confinamento, no litoral norte da Bahia

Thirty-two crossbred Santa Ines hair sheep lambs (16 males and 16 females) bred with their female progenitors on pasture of Brachiaria humidicola grass, supplemented in creep-feeding during the night, were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, four weaning ages (56, 70, 84 and 98 days) and sex to determine the best weaning age. At weaning, the lambs were confined in individual pens until 126 days old, when were daily fed Tifton 85 hay, water and mineral salt ad libitum and concentrate diet in the proportion of 2% body weight. There was a significant effect of weaning age vs sex interaction on DWC and DWG, where the males weaned at 84 days old were heavier than the females. No significant interaction of weaning age vs sex on DWBW and CFC was detected. Quadratic effects of weaning age on DWBW, DWG and CFC were noticed. No significant effect of sex on any of the studied parameters was detected. Seventy-six days weaned lambs maximized DWBW and DWG, while the most effective CFC was observed in seventy-two days weaned animals.

Performance of lambs supplemented with fodder salt Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.)

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate productive performance of lambs fed different levels of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) in the making of gliricidia forage salt. A total of 30 180-day-old male crossbred Santa Ines lambs of 25 kg body weight were confined in 1 m2 stalls, fed Tifton-85 (Cynadon spp.) hay, fodder salts and water ad libitum. The experimental design was randomized, composed of six repetitions of five treatments. The formulation of gliricidia forage salt was 0 (100% NaCl), 93, 95, 97 and 99% gliricidia hay with 7, 5, 3 and 1% NaCl, respectively. The experiment was conducted for 74 d, with 14 d for adaptation and 60 d for sampling. Gliricidia forage salt supplementation showed no effect (P>0.05) on dry matter, organic matter or neutral detergent fiber intake, although it affected (P<0.05) crude protein and ether extract intake. The highest performance of animals was observed in gliricidia forage salt with 99% addition of gliricidia.

Composição bromatológica do co-produto do desfibramento do sisal tratado com uréia

The experiment was carried out to evaluate addition effects of five urea levels with four ammonization periods on Agave sisalana residue chemical composition in the different storage times. It was used 300 kg of this co-product, equally distributed in 60 black polyethylene bags, which urea was added in the following concentrations: 0, 2, 4, 6 and, 8% over 0, 2, 4 and, 6 weeks storage periods. It was made determinations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (PB), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and, non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). A completely randomized design was adopted, following factorial arrangement 5 ´ 4 (urea levels, ammonization periods), with three replications. The variance analyses showed significant effect of urea level on variables CP and DM. For ADF and NFC there were significant effects for the interaction level versus period of fermentation; for NDF variable it was not possible to adjust a statistical model. The CP rates grew linearly with the urea addition. Ammonization did not affect NDF rates. Crude protein level had a linear increase by urea addition. Besides, it was noticed that ADF rate increased in function of NFC decreasing. NFC rate reduced as a consequence of urea level increase, showing that it was likely used for microbial synthesis or carried with the effluent. It was concluded that the addition up to 8 % of urea increased the CP content and reduced the NFC and DMD contents with the increase in the storage time.

Desempenho de cordeiros deslanados terminados em confinamento e em pastagem com suplementação em alimentador restrito no Litoral Norte da Bahia

Forty-eight hair crossbred Santa Ines lambs (24 males and 24 females) grazing Brachiaria humidicola grass and creep fed until weaning were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments; six weaning ages: 56, 70, 84, 98, 126, and 140 days and two genders: male and female. Animals that were weaned from 56 to 98 days of age were feedlot fed until slaughter (126 days) while those weaned at 126 and 140 days were slaughtered at weaning. A significant weaning age x gender interaction was observed for total weight gain from birth to slaughter (TWG), daily weight gain from birth to slaughter (DWG), and hot carcass yield (HCY); males weaned at 84 days old had greater TWG and DWG than females while females weaned at 70 days old showed higher HCY than males weaned at the same age. Both TWG and DWG decreased linearly with weaning age while a significant quadratic effect was found for HCY. Ewes showed greater HCY than wethers in this trial. Total weight gain from birth to slaughter, DWG, and HCY averaged, respectively 16.49 kg, 128.72 g, and 40.10%.

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the of meat lamb fed diets containing 0%, 12.5%, and 25.0% mulberry hay (total diet). Twenty-four Île-de-France lambs in the feedlot at an average age of 60 days and 15 kg body weight were allocated to individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg BW. Mulberry hay inclusion in the diet did not affect the meat pH 45 min (6.45) and 24 h (5.70) after slaughter. Average luminosity (L*), red intensity (a*), and yellow intensity (b*) values in the meat 24 h after slaughter were 40.85, 14.51, and 4.17, respectively. No differences were observed for water-holding capacity (58.03%), cooking loss (41.95%), shear force (2.80 kgf/cm2), sarcomere length (1.60 µm), or the sensory traits appearance (7.29), taste (7.23), tenderness (7.51), and overall acceptance (7.48). Inclusion of up to 25% mulberry hay in a concentrate-based diet did not compromise the physicochemical and sensory traits of the meat, indicating that this ingredient is as a good alternative to provide nutrients in the diet of feedlot lambs.

Características de carcaça e de não componentes da carcaça de cordeiros suplementados com sal forrageiro de Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walq

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walq forage species for the confection of the fodder salt gliricidia according to the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs. Thirty confined, not castrated crossbred Santa Ines lambs, ageing approximately 180 days, with mean live body weight of 25kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six repetitions. Treatments were zero (100% NaCl), 93, 95, 97 and 99% inclusion of gliricidia hay (7, 5, 3 and 1% NaCl in the formulation of fodder salt, respectively). The supplementation with gliricidia fodder salt did not affect (P>0.05) the fasting live body weight (28.39kg), hot carcass weight (9.76kg), hot carcass yield (34.12%), cold carcass weight (9.42kg), cold carcass yield (32.95%), chilling loss (3.40%), or white (2.19kg) and red viscera weight (1.29kg). The inclusion of up to 99% gliricidia in the production of fodder salt did not affect (P>0.05) the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of lambs.