Gemini Alam

Kleinhospitine E and Cycloartane Triterpenoids from Kleinhovia hospita

A novel cycloartane triterpenoid alkaloid, kleinhospitine E (1), six new cycloartane triterpenoids (2-7), three known cycloartane triterpenoids (8-10), and taraxerone (11) were isolated from a methanol extract of Kleinhovia hospita. Their structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy as well as HRMS analysis. The absolute configurations of all isolated compounds were determined from their ECD spectra by comparison with theoretical values. Kleinhospitine E (1) is the first cycloartane alkaloid possessing an unusual γ-lactam with an oxopropylidene side chain. Compounds 2, 3, and 6 were assigned as cycloartane triterpenoids with a 9α,10α-cyclopropyl ring, which is found rarely among naturally occurring compounds, while 4 and 5 were established as isomers of compound 3 containing a 21,23-diacetal side chain. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 4 and 9 exhibited more potent antiproliferative activities against a multidrug-resistant tumor cell line compared with its parent chemosensitive cell line. Furthermore, compound 6 exhibited submicromolar anti-HIV activity.

A review: Worldwide medicinal plants for typhoid fever

Typhoid fever, an enteric disease caused by Salmonella typhi, plays an important role of global health matter, contributing to the economic encumbrance in most developed countries. Even more, antibiotic resistance has ensued in Salmonella entericainfection. These health problems have proposed a broad struggle towards more study for new source of antimicrobial products especially from medicinal plants due to more profitable. This study reviews medicinal plants related to the typhoid fever and their mechanisms of antimicrobial action. The investigation for this review were established via the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, online Science Direct, Science and Technology Index. Practically 26 medicinal plants from 23 families used for typhoid fever in worldwide countries were reported. Most of them are originated from African continent, Pakistan and India. Antisalmonella activity was mostly identified by in vitro (MIC and MBC). Generally, the chemical compounds contained in the plants are alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, phenols, glycosides, steroid and terpenoid. Their mechanisms of actions are mediation of solute transport inhibition in membranes, affecting the phospholipid membranes of bacterial cell wall, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and inducing microbial cell membrane disruption. These results redound to the alternative and complementary medication of typhoid fever.

A Comparison Between 0,25% Tumeric Extract Cream and Grated Tumeric for Skin Discoloration

Turmeric has been found to have some efficacies in repairing the skin texture including its ability to enlighten the color of the skin associated to premature skin aging. This study aims to compare between the 0.25% turmeric extract cream and grated turmeric in skin color change. Samples in this study were collected from women subjects that were selected randomly and consecutively. There were 22 women subjects involved in this study that were assigned into two treatment groups: group I with one application a day and group II with two applications a day. Each subject in both groups applied 0.25% turmeric extract cream in upper right arm, control (4% Hydroquinone) in lower right and left arms, and grated turmeric in upper left arm. The treatment responses were evaluated by skin analyzer measuring the pigment number at day 0, 8, and 21. Data were analyzed statistically by Willcoxon test. Study findings indicated significant differences (p<0,05) between twice application of 0. 25% turmeric cream extract and 4% Hq at day 8 (2.30) on skin changes (pigment). There was also a significant difference (p<0,05) when comparing the 0,25 turmeric extract in twice application a day between H21-H0 and H21-H8.

MOLECULAR MODELING OF VITEOSIN-A, A TRACHEOSPASMOLYTIC COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF Vitex Trifolia L.

Viteosin-A, a tracheospasmolytic compound, was successfully isolated from n -hexane extract of the leaves of Vitex trifolia L. With the concentration of 0.05 and 0.15 mg/ml viteosin-A inhibited a guinea pig tracheal contraction due to histamine (10-7 – 10-3 M) in vitro by 27.1 and 47.9 %, respectively. Confirmation of C-5 and C-6 configuration is necessary to determine the active reaction site of viteosin-A and its receptor for future development. This research was focused on a molecular modeling of viteosin-A using computational method with HyperChem Pro 4.0 for Windows as software. Based on spectroscopic data and molecular modeling, viteosin-A has S configuration at C-5 and C-6, and therefore was confirmed as (5 S ,10 S )-6 S -acetoxy-8 R -methyl-9-hidroxy-labda-13 Z -en-16,15-olide. Keywords : viteosin-A, molecular modeling