Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares

Emergência, crescimento e produção da mamoneira sob estresse salino e adubação nitrogenada

The use of saline water in agriculture is becoming a reality in many regions of the world, given the increased demand for fresh water, both for irrigated agriculture, as well as for urban and industrial supply. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels in irrigation water, associated with amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, on the emergence, growth and yield of the castor bean, cv. BRS Energia, in an experiment where plants were maintained in lysimeters under field conditions, at the CCTA / UFCG. A randomised block design in a 5 x 5 factorial with three replications was used to study the effects of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.4, 1.4, 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 dS m-1) associated with five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the dose recommended for testing in pots). The salinity of the irrigation water from 0.4 dS m-1 affects negatively and in a linear manner the percentage of emergence (PE), the emergence speed index (IVE), plant height (AP), the stem diameter (DC), the shoot dry-weight (FSPA) and root dry-weight (FSRaiz) and the seed mass of the primary raceme (MSemRP), whereas increasing levels of nitrogen caused an increase in DC, FSPA and FSRaiz. The application of increasing doses of N reduced the effect of salinity on the DC and FSRaiz of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia.

Crescimento e componentes de produção da mamoneira sob estresse salino e adubação nitrogenada

The research was carried out to evaluate the growth and components of production of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia under different levels of salinity of the irrigation water (CEa) and nitrogen doses under field conditions in an eutrophic Usthorthent of sandy loam texture in the municipality of Pombal, PB. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, testing five levels of salinity of irrigation water - CEa (0.4-control, 1.4, 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 dS m-1) and five N doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg kg-1) in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme with three replications. The increase of CEa from 0.4 dS m-1 reduced the number of leaves (NF), plant height (AP), stem diameter (DC), dry mass of the shoots (MSPA), cluster length (CRP), effective cluster length occupied by female flowers (CREFF), total number of seeds in primary cluster (NSRP) and total seed production (PSemT) of the studied castor bean cultivar. The interaction between water salinity and nitrogen dose for NF, DC, MSPA, CRP and CEes - electrical conductivity of the saturation extract of the soil was significant while the increase of nitrogen doses reduced the negative effects of salinity up to the level of 2.4 dS m-1. The CEes increased with increase in CEa and nitrogen doses.

Aspectos de crescimento e produção da mamoneira irrigada com águas salinas e adubação nitrogenada

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of castor bean cv. BRS Energia cultivated under irrigation with water of different salinity levels and fertilized with nitrogen doses in an experiment conducted in drainage lysimeters under field conditions at CCTA/UFCG. The statistical design was in a randomized block design, in 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of electrical conductivity of the water - ECw (0.3, 1.2, 2.1, 3.0 and 3.9 dS m-1) and four levels of N (70, 100, 130 and 160 mg N kg-1). Irrigation with saline water reduced the growth and yield of castor bean, the observed decrease was in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of leaves and roots, total and viable seed mass. Leaf area being the variable most affected. The application of increasing doses of N increased leaf area and dry weight of leaves. N rates up to 131 mg N kg-1 promoted increase in accumulation of dry matter of roots. Castor bean cv. BRS Energia responded to the interaction between the factors only for the dry weight of stem.

Physiological Indices and Growth of Castor Bean Irrigated With Waters of Different Cationic Nature

It was proposed, in the present study, to evaluate the gas exchange and the growth of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia due to the isolated or mixed cationic nature of irrigation water. The study was conducted in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Greyish Argissolo with a sandy-loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with six cationic composition of irrigation water (S1-control, S2-Na+, S3-Ca2+, S4-Na++Ca2+, S5-K+ and S6-Na++Ca2++Mg2+ with four replicates, each composed of five plants. The plants under the control treatment were submitted to irrigation with low salinity water (ECw = 0.6 dS m-1) and the remaining treatments were irrigated with ECw of 4.5 dS m-1 prepared with salts of different cations in chloride form. The gas exchanges and the growth of the castor bean cv. BRS Energy were determined at 100 days after sowing. The gas exchanges and the growth of the castor cv. BRS Energy were more sensitive to the variation in the electrical conductivity of the water compared to the cationic nature of the water, being the least deleterious effect observed in the plants irrigated with potassic water. The plants irrigated with water of potassium composition obtained the highest values for stomatal conductance, transpiration and rate of assimilation of CO2; at 100 days after sowing; the castor bean cv. BRS Energia showed sensitivity to the presence of sodium and calcium salts in irrigation water.

Production of guava rootstock grown with water of different salinities and doses of nitrogen

The scarcity of good-quality water and the occurrence of low-fertility soils are limiting factors in irrigated agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which leads to the use of salt water and nitrogen fertiliser as alternatives for agricultural production in these regions. The aim of this work therefore, was to evaluate growth, biomass production and rootstock quality in the guava ‘Crioula’ under salt stress and doses of nitrogen fertiliser in a protected environment at CCTA/ UFCG. The experimental design was of randomised blocks in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four doses of nitrogen (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended dose for guava seedlings). The dose of 541.1 mg N dm-3 soil (70% of the recommended N) stimulated growth, the accumulation of shoot biomass, and the quality of the guava ‘Crioula’ rootstock. Irrigation with an ECw greater than 0.3 dS m-1 had a negative effect on the absolute growth rate of the stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root to shoot ratio, and the Dickson quality index. Nitrogen fertiliser at 70 and 100% of the recommended level of N reduced the effect of irrigation water salinity on the relative growth rate of the stem diameter in the guava rootstock.A escassez de agua de boa qualidade e a ocorrencia de solos com baixa fertilidade sao fatores limitantes para a agricultura irrigada, principalmente em regioes aridas e semiaridas, o que induz a utilizacao de aguas salinas e adubacao nitrogenada como alternativas para a producao agricola nessas regioes. Desse modo, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento, producao de fitomassa e qualidade de porta-enxerto de goiabeira ‘Crioula’ sob estresse salino e doses de adubacao nitrogenada, em condicoes de ambiente protegido no CCTA/UFCG. O delineamento estatistico foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (5 x 4), com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinacao de cinco niveis de condutividade eletrica da agua de irrigacao (0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m-1) e quatro doses de nitrogenio (70, 100, 130 e 160% de N da dose recomendada para cultivo de mudas de goiabeira). A dose de 541,1 mg de N dm-3 de solo (70% de N recomendada) estimulou o crescimento, o acumulo de fitomassa na parte aerea e a qualidade dos porta-enxertos de goiabeira ‘Crioula’. Irrigacao com CEa acima de 0,3 dS m-1 afetou negativamente as taxas de crescimento absoluto do diâmetro do caule, fitomassa seca da parte aerea, relacao raiz/parte aerea e indice de qualidade de Dickson. A adubacao nitrogenada nas doses de 70 e 100% de N recomendada reduziu o efeito da salinidade da agua de irrigacao sobre a taxa de crescimento relativo do diâmetro do caule de porta-enxertos de goiabeira.

Growth and production of sunflower as a function of cationic nature of the water and nitrogen

In the Brazilian semi-arid region, it is common to find water with high concentration of salts and with variation in its cationic nature. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the growth and production components of sunflower, cv. BRS 324, as a function of irrigation water of different salinity levels and cationic nature associated with doses of nitrogen (N). The experiment was conducted in pots, under open field conditions, in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with three replicates, based on five treatments of salinity and cationic nature of the water S (S1 Control; S2 NaCl; S3 CaCl2; S4 KCl and S5 – NaCl+CaCl2+MgCl2) combined with five N doses (50; 75; 100; 125 and 150 mg of N kg of soil). Irrigation was performed using water with electrical conductivity ECw of 0.5 dS m for the control and 5.0 dS m for the other treatments. The growth and production of sunflower cv. BRS 324 were reduced when the crop was irrigated with water of electrical conductivity of 5.0 dS m, independent of the cationic nature of water; nitrogen fertilization did not attenuate the deleterious effects of salt stress caused by irrigation waters of 5.0 dS m on sunflower cv. BRS 324; The methods of comparison of means through contrasts and Tukeys test were efficient and can be used together to evaluate the growth and the production of sunflower.

Acúmulo de NPK e sódio na mamoneira sob estresse salino e adubação nitrogenada

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with water of different salinities and doses of nitrogen fertilization on accumulation of NPK and sodium in the aerial parts of the castor bean, the experiment was conducted in lysimeters. A randomized block design in 5 x 5 factorial arrangement with three replications was used, and the effects of electrical conductivity of water (ECw) varying from 0.4 to 4.4 dS m-1 associated with nitrogen dose (50 to 150% of recommended dose) were studied. The NPK and sodium contents in the aerial parts of to plant in the leaves in comparison to stems and evaluation times 120 days after sowing (DAS) > 46 DAS. In leaves the content at 46 DAS varied according to following sequence K > Na > N > P and at 120 DAS K > N > Na > P while in the stem in both study periods it accumulated in the order Na > K > P ≥ N under water salinity and K > Na > P ≥ N depending on nitrogen fertilization. At 46 DAS, the increasing levels of ECw caused an increase in the Nleaf and Kleaf and nitrogen dose inhibited Naleaf content. At 120 DAS the highest content of Nleaf was obtained in treatment ECw 4.4 dS m-1 and in dose of 150% N while the contents of Kleaf and Kstem were obtained in the dose of 150% N. The P content was not affected by any of the studied factors.

Estresse salino simulado com NaCl na germinação de sementes de girassol cv. BRS 122-V2000

O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental em que sementes de girassol cv. BRS 122-V2000 foram submetidas a solucao salina – NaCl e de agua destilada, como tratamento controle. O objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a germinacao de sementes de girassol cv. BRS 122-V2000 em condicoes de estresse salino. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em placas de Petri, forradas com papel germitest®, umedecido com solucoes de 0,0 (testemunha); 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m -1 de NaCl. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repeticoes, constando de 15 sementes para cada tratamento. Foram avaliados o teor relativo de agua, a porcentagem de germinacao, o indice de velocidade de germinacao, o numero de dias para as sementes germinarem, o numero de plantas normais e anormais e a massa fresca e seca das plântulas. Reducoes significativas foram observadas na germinacao das sementes, quando foi elevada a condutividade eletrica da agua. O estresse salino reduziu o comprimento e o peso das plântulas. Nao houve efeito significativo para as variaveis numero de plântulas normais e anormais.

Cultivo do tomateiro na fase vegetativa sobre diferentes lâminas de irrigação em ambiente protegido

Estudou-se o crescimento do tomateiro ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) sob condicoes de estresse hidrico na fase vegetativa da cultura. Usou-se o delineamento estatistico em blocos inteiramente casualizado com quatro lâminas (60, 80, 100 (testemunha) e 120% da Evapotranspiracao da real - ETr), aplicadas durante a fase vegetativa do tomateiro, sendo distribuidos em quatro blocos, com uma planta por parcela, sendo avaliados a area foliar, razao de area foliar, area foliar especifica, relacao raiz/parte aerea, alocacao de biomassa nas folhas e caule, fitomassa seca da parte aerea e conteudo relativo de agua. Lâminas crescentes de agua promoveram, na fase vegetativa do tomateiro, aumento na area foliar, razao de area foliar, area foliar especifica, relacao raiz/parte aerea e producao de fitomassa da parte aerea com lâminas variando de 75 a 97% da Evapotranspiracao Real, o conteudo relativo do tomateiro e alocacao de biomassa no caule apresentaram acrescimos lineares com o incremento das lâminas de agua a partir de 60% da ETr e a alocacao de biomassa nas folhas de plantas do tomateiro e a variavel mais sensivel ao estresse hidrico, com reducao de 4,49% por aumento de 20% da ETr, podendo ser indicada para estudos de estresse hidrico em tomateiro.