Gerson Kleinick Vignolo

Períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na fase inicial de crescimento do eucalipto

The objective of this work was to determine the interference periods of weeds on the growth and development of eucalyptus. The experiment was done in the fi eld from August 2006 to April 2008, with a hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla planted in a randomized block design, with three replicates. Treatments consisted of coexistence and control periods of weeds with eucalyptus culture. During the coexistence treatment, the culture was maintained in the presence of weeds by increasing initial periods of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 days after culture transplant (DAT). During the control treatment, the culture was maintained free from weeds for the same periods above described; weeds emerged after those intervals were no longer controlled. Evaluations were made at 360 and at 630 DAT. The competition with weeds caused reduction of the stem diameter and of the dry matter of stems and shoots. Weed control, in the fi rst year of the eucalyptus culture, must be adopted at the end of the period before interference, which happens 107 days after the culture transplant.

Produção de amoreira-preta no Brasil

The cultivation of blackberry has grown so intense in recent years. A fact attributed to the increased demand is attributed to several factors, from the economic to the social, which also occurs due to their phytochemical qualities that can bring health benefits, beginning for looking a healthier diet. Moreover, it is a culture whose features, making it a viable option for small properties. The objective of this study was to perform an update article of literature on the culture of blackberry, trying to verify the key management technologies, as well as the needs of the production system and the scenario for the next few years in Brazil.

Enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de três cultivares de mirtileiro com diferentes concentrações de AIB

Commercially, propagation of blueberry by cutting is the very usual method, which gives a range of results according to the cultivar. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of indol-butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of blueberry hardwood cuttings. It was used segments of secondary branches with four buds and mean diameter of 4.5mm. The experimental design was totally randomized in a 5x3 factorial, five concentrations of IBA (0; 1500; 3000; 4500 and 6000mg L-1) and three cultivars (Delite, Bluebelle and Briteblue). It was used four replications and ten cuttings per plot. After cutting, the base of the cuttings was dipped for 10 seconds into a solution of IBA. Then, they were put to root in a mix of thick sand and commercial substrate Turfa Fertil® (1:1) with pH 5.5 and manually irrigated. After 138 days from trial installation, percentage of rooted cuttings, number of root per cutting, length of the largest root, number of shoots, length of the largest shoot and percentage of surviving cuttings were evaluated. According to the results it was not verified interaction among different factors. It was verified difference among cultivars only in the length of the largest root, number of root per cutting and percentage of surviving cuttings. For concentration of IBA, it was verified by regression analysis, a linear behavior for the variables increasing rooted and survived, but the response was quadratic for the longest root length. It was concluded that the concentration up to 6000mg L-1 IBA is not sufficient to express the maximum rooting potential of the blueberry cuttings cultivars Delite, Bluebelle and Briteblue.

Influência do substrato, tamanho de sementes e maturação de frutos na formação de mudas de pitangueira

The experiments were carried out at Embrapa Temperate Climate and the seedlings conducted in polystyrene trays with 72 cells, placed in a greenhouse with manual irrigation. The experimental design used in the experiments was completely randomized in a factorial design, using four replicates with 12 seeds each (Experiment 1) and three replicates of 18 seeds each (Experiment 2). The treatments of experiment 1 were the seed size (medium and small) and substrate (Plantimax®, vermiculite, coconut fiber). In the second experiment the treatments were the selections of Surinam cherry (67 and 172) and fruit ripening (partially and fully mature). The parameters were evaluated: emergency percentage, shoot length and the longest root (cm), number of leaves per plant, dry mass of root and shoot (g), brocade seeds, dormant and not emerged. The seeds of medium size were higher than little seeds in all variables. The substrate Plantimax® provided greater total dry matter than the coconut fiber, but no difference from the vermiculite. The selection 172 had a higher percentage of emergency and lower dormancy than 67. Seeds from fully ripe fruits showed higher dormancy and fewer leaves than partially ripe fruit seeds. It is concluded that the use of medium size seed and the substrate Plantimax® improve seedling development of Surinam cherry. The degree of ripeness of the fruit affects the process of seeds dormancy and initial seedling of Surinam cherry.

Quebra de dormência e cultivo protegidona produção de plantas de mirtileiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da epoca de aplicacao da cianamida hidrogenada (CH) em tunel baixo e campo aberto, na producao e no desenvolvimento de plantas de mirtileiro. O experimento consistiu na aplicacao de cianamida hidrogenada em quatro epocas (29-06-12, 09-07-12, 19-07-12, 30-07-12) e dois sistemas de cultivo (tunel baixo e campo aberto), alem de um tratamento adicional ou testemunha (sem aplicacao de CH). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes, sendo a cultivar utilizada a Powderblue. As variaveis analisadas foram: inicio da floracao, porcentagem de brotacao, comprimento de ramo, massa seca das folhas, teor de clorofila, producao, massa media de frutos, diâmetro medio de frutos, solidos soluveis. A aplicacao de CH em 29-06 e 09-07 antecipou a floracao e a producao. Ja a brotacao foi antecipada quando a CH foi aplicada em 09-07 e 19-07. Em relacao aos sistemas de cultivo, observou-se que o tunel baixo antecipou a floracao e aumentou a producao. Conclui-se que a aplicacao de cianamida hidrogenada, no final de junho/inicio de julho, antecipa o inicio da floracao, da brotacao e da producao, bem como o uso do tunel baixo que antecipa a floracao e aumenta a producao.

Controle do crescimento de mudas de morangueiro Camarosa cultivadas em substrato comercial pela aplicação de Proexadione cálcio

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do proexadione calcio (ProCa) no controle do crescimento de mudas de morangueiro para producao em substrato comercial. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao com mudas da cultivar Camarosa produzidas por enraizamento de estoloes e mantidas em bandejas de 72 celulas. Os tratamentos consistiram de sete concentracoes do regulador de crescimento vegetal ProCa (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 e 800 mg L-1). Sendo realizadas avaliacoes de crescimento vegetativo e resposta fisiologica. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeticoes de 12 plantas. Observou-se que aplicacoes de doses de ProCa a partir de 200 mg L-1 (200, 400 e 800 mg L-1), reduzem o crescimento vegetativo, assim como, aumentam a concentracao de clorofila e a atividade fotossintetica de mudas de morangueiro ‘Camarosa’