Luis Eduardo Corrêa Antunes

AMORA-PRETA: NOVA OPÇÃO DE CULTIVO NO BRASIL

The blackberry crop can be a species of large potential to regions of temperate climate in Brazil. This crop has appeared as a new option to farmers improves their profits. The blackberry fruits can be utilized for several purposes, like in nature consume and production of several types of candies. Therefore, the blackberry can be a good option to agriculture based in family work and to use in farm tourism. Blackberry does not need use of chemical products for pest and diseases control; for this rason, there is a great chance of good results in production systems based in organic management. The blackberry fruit has still medicine characteristics and a high nutritional quality.

Enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de mirtilo: influência da lesão na base e do ácido indolbutírico

O mirtilo (Vaccinium sp.) e uma especie de clima temperado que, por ocasiao do periodo vegetativo, produz abundante quantidade de material vegetal que pode ser utilizado na propagacao. Objetivou-se verificar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas herbaceas de diferentes cultivares de mirtilo, tratadas ou nao com acido indolbutirico e com e sem lesao na base. O trabalho foi realizado em dois experimentos, testando a capacidade de enraizamento das cultivares Florida, Woodard, Bluegem, Bluebele, Climax e Briteblue. No primeiro experimento, as estacas das cultivares foram tratadas com AIB (0, 2500, 5000 e 7500mgL-1). No segundo experimento utilizou-se 2000mgL-1 de AIB, em estacas com e sem lesao na base. O delineamento utilizado foi completamente casualizado com repeticoes e unidades experimentais adequadas para cada experimento. O uso do acido indolbutirico e a lesao nas estacas, nao proporcionaram estimulo na emissao de raizes adventicias; as cultivares apresentam potencial genetico de enraizamento diferenciado, sendo que, a Bluebelle apresentou maiores porcentuais de estacas enraizadas, e a Climax, os menores porcentuais.

Yield and quality of strawberry cultivars

The strawberry cultivation is an important economic activity in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, however the number of offered cultivars to the growers is reduced. The yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars Camarosa, Galexia, Earlibrite, Festival, Plarionfre and Sabrosa was evaluated under the climatic conditions of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State. We determined the number, mass, total soluble solids (TSS oBrix), total titratable acidity (TTA), antocianin level and fresh fruits produced in an experimental unit. We also determined the production of fruits per hectare and per plant. The statistical design used in the experiment was of completely randomized blocks with 6 treatments (cultivars) and 4 replicates where the experimental unit was composed of 8 plants. The harvest began in the first half of August, extending to the second half of December, totalling 20 weeks. Plarionfre, Earlibrite and Festival cultivars showed higher production from the first half of October until the end of the first half of November. Camarosa reached higher productivity, mass of plants and fruit weight. There were no differences between the evaluated cultivars in the levels of TSS, antocianin, ATT and pH during the period of evaluation.

Fenologia, produção e qualidade de frutos de mirtilo

The aim of this work was to evaluate the yield and quality of blueberry cultivars from the rabbiteye group (Bluegem, Bluebelle, Powderblue, Florida, Delite, Briteblue, Climax and Woodard), in Pelotas County, Southern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during three growing seasons: 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. The plants were set in randomized varietal blocks in the orchard, with 16 plants per cultivar, totaling four lines, with two cultivars per line. For statistic analysis of the fruits characteristics, each year of evaluation was considered as one repetition. The characteristics evaluated were the start and the end of fl owering, beginning and end of harvest, mass, longitudinal diameter of fruits, number of fruit per plant, content of total soluble solids, average production by plant, and the estimated productivity per hectare. There was no difference among the cultivars evaluated for the characteristics mass, mean diameter of fruits and levels of total soluble solids. In the region of Pelotas, there is technical viability for growing blueberry, whose cultivars Bluebelle, Briteblue and Bluegem are the most productive.

Strawberry Production in Brazil and South America

This article describes the strawberry industry in Brazil and South America. The strawberries produced in all South American countries are for the fresh market and sold locally, however, there is a modest amount of fruit exported to Europe. The estimated annual area for strawberry planting is about 11,884 hectares and fruit production is 318,686 metric tons. Argentina and Brazil are the most important strawberry producers in South America. Specialized nursery industries in Argentina and Chile supply plants to nearly all countries in South America.

Efeito do ácido indolbutírico e da cultivar no enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de mirtilo

Dentre os metodos de multiplicacao do mirtilo, a propagacao por meio de estacas e uma tecnica de baixo custo, que proporciona resultados variaveis, de acordo com a cultivar e outros fatores. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito do AIB no enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de mirtilo das cultivares Powderblue, Delite, Climax, Bluebelle e Woodard. O material vegetativo utilizado, oriundo de matrizeiro, constituiu em segmentos de ramos principais, com 15 cm de comprimento e diâmetro aproximado de 6 mm. Apos o preparo das estacas, as bases das mesmas foram imersas, por 15 segundos, em uma solucao com fitorregulador (AIB), nas concentracoes de 0; 1.000; 2.000; 4.000 e 8.000 mg.L-1 , sendo colocadas para enraizar em areia de granulometria media, sob irrigacao intermitente, por microaspersao. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes e dez estacas por parcela. Apos oito meses da instalacao do experimento, avaliaram-se a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, o numero medio de raizes por estaca, o comprimento da maior raiz, o numero medio de brotacoes e o comprimento da maior brotacao. A resposta das diferentes cultivares de mirtilo ao enraizamento das estacas variou com a concentracao de acido indolbutirico (AIB). Independentemente do uso de AIB e da cultivar, na maioria dos tratamentos, a porcentagem de enraizamento foi superior a 55%.

Antecipação de safra para videira Niágara Rosada na região sul do estado de Minas Gerais

Este experimento foi conduzido em propriedade particular no municipio de Caldas-MG, durante o ciclo 1999/ 2000, utilizando plantas pre-estabelecidas da cultivar Niagara Rosada enxertadas sobre RR 101-14, visando a antecipar o periodo de colheita da videira no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foi comparado o efeito da poda antecipada, do uso de cobertura plastica e da irrigacao com o sistema de producao, por meio dos seguintes tratamentos: poda antecipada, com cobertura plastica, com e sem irrigacao; poda antecipada e poda convencional. Avaliaram-se o comprimento do ciclo, acumulo de graus-dia da poda a maturacao, caracteristicas fisicas: diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, peso e numero de cachos por planta e as caracteristicas quimicas: teor de solidos soluveis totais, pH e acidez total titulavel. Apesar do maior acumulo de graus-dia, a cobertura plastica nao promoveu reducao no ciclo vegetativo e causou reducao na producao. A poda antecipada sem cobertura plastica permitiu uma precocidade de 42 dias na colheita, sem aumentar o custo de producao do vinhedo. As plantas submetidas a poda convencional a ceu aberto apresentaram maior numero e peso de cachos, maiores valores de diâmetro e teor de SST. Nao houve diferenca significativa entre pH e acidez.

Growth of blueberry from micropropagation plant

The blueberry presents slow development and low index of survival of the seedlings. Among the factors involved in the production of seedlings, the quality of the substrate is a factor of great importance. The work had as objective evaluates the development of blueberry seedlings in different substrate compositions, during the months of December 2005 to March 2006. It was used seedlings of the cultivar Georgiagem of the highbush group, originated from of multiplication in vitro. Seven different substrates were used for the formation of the seedlings: T1 - Plantmax® (100%); T2 - Plantmax® + Perlita (1: 1); T3 - Soil + industrial compost + Perlita (1: 1 :1); T4 - Soil + rice husks + Soil (1 : 1: 2); T5 - Soil + industrial compost + Vermiculite (1: 1: 1); T6 - Acacia bark + soil (1: 2); T7 - pine needle mulch + soil (1: 2). They were evaluated: height of the plants, accumulation of dried matter of the aerial part and root and chemical analysis of the substrate. The composition of the substrate influenced in the development of the blueberry seedlings. The best results were observed in substrates with acid pH. The substrate pine needle mulch + soil, Plantmax®, Plantmax® + perlita and rice bark + soil presented better results.

Caracterização de genótipos de mirtilo utilizando marcadores moleculares

The blueberry crop planting area is increasing in Brazil, especially in Temperate Climate Zones, generating demands relating to suitable cultivars adapted to regional climate and soil conditions. This work aimed to characterize blueberry genotypes from Embrapa Clima Temperado breeding program, using RAPD and SSR molecular markers. There were characterized 40 blueberry genotypes using RAPD and 8 cultivars using SSR molecular markers. The 9 RAPD primers generated 89 markers. The genetic similarity ranged from 64 to 89%. Through the average similarity (66%), it was possible to identify four groups. The three pairs of SSR primers generated 11 markers. The genetic similarity among cultivars ranged from 25 to 75%. With a similarity average of 42,4%, it was generated three groups. It was possible to define the pattern of the eight blueberry cultivars using only three pairs of SST primers, which shows the efficiency of SST technique when characterizing blueberry genotypes. These results reveal that both RAPD and SSR are efficient to characterize genotypes of this specie. However, SSR markers are more accurate and, therefore, recommended for use in breeding programs and cultivars identification.

Propagação da pitangueira através da enxertia de garfagem

The Surinam cherry is a native fruit from Brazil with a great potential for commercial production. However, the common clonal propagation methods have not given a high percentage of success. The present work had the aim to test the use of two types of grafting: cleft graft and wedge graft as well as the best time to use this technique (July, August and September), under Southern Brazil conditions. The experiment was carried out at EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, in Pelotas, RS, in the year of 2005. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged as a 2x3 factorial plan (type of grafting x time), with 5 replications . It was concluded that both types of grafting could be used, during the winter time, for asexual propagation of Surinam cherry. Cleft grafting had the highest percentage of survival (60%) when compared to the wedge grafting (44.2%). The highest percentage of grafting success was obtained in September with 67.5%, followed by the months of August and July, with 51.3% and 37.5%, respectively.