Giselle Dupas

Apoio social à família do paciente com câncer: identificando caminhos e direções

Rede e apoio social sao recursos que enfermeiros podem oferecer as familias. Esta revisao identifica que aspectos estao sendo pesquisados sobre apoio social a familia do doente com câncer. Localizaram-se 51 artigos, sendo 70% de metodologia quantitativa e 26% publicados nos dois ultimos anos. Os temas abordados foram: Cuidador familiar como provedor de apoio social; Fatores que interferem no apoio social; Religiosidade como apoio social e o apoio social proveniente de programas educativos, atividades grupais e recursos tecnologicos. Dos artigos, 49% foram escritos por enfermeiros, sendo a enfase internacional para avaliacao das necessidades, experiencias das familias e apoios oferecidos, enquanto que os artigos nacionais enfatizavam a definicao de conceitos e identificacao das necessidades das familias visando ao planejamento de intervencoes.Network and social support are resources that nursing can offer to families. This review identifies which aspects of social support are being investigated for the family of the cancer patient. Fifty one articles were found of which 70% were quantitative research and 26% were published in the last two years. The issues addressed were: Family caregivers as provider of social support; Factors that interfere with social support; Religiosity as social support as well as support coming from educative programs, group activity and technological resources. Of these papers, 49% were written by nurses, with international emphasis on needs assessment, family experiences and support offered, while national articles emphasize definition concepts and identifying family needs focusing on intervention planning.

Significado de saúde e de doença na percepção da criança

This study aimed to understand the meaning of health and disease for the child in the age range from 7 to 12 years old. The population was divided in two groups. The first group consisted of children in a school environment, while the second consisted of hospitalized children. This study was based on Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and on Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, since this allowed us to explore the definitions exposed by the child. We perceived that, in both groups, the definition of health is similar, that is, in other words, something that provides them freedom and is conditioned by body care and feeding. About the conception of disease, the school child tries to understand the disease, its causes and consequences. Hospitalized children tell their experiences by focusing on their own disease and situation.This study aimed to understand the meaning of health and disease for the child in the age range from 7 to 12 years old. The population was divided in two groups. The first group consisted of children in a school environment, while the second consisted of hospitalized children. This study was based on Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and on Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, since this allowed us to explore the definitions exposed by the child. We perceived that, in both groups, the definition of health is similar, that is, in other words, something that provides them freedom and is conditioned by body care and feeding. About the conception of disease, the school child tries to understand the disease, its causes and consequences. Hospitalized children tell their experiences by focusing on their own disease and situation.

Criança com anomalia congênita: estudo bibliográfico de publicações na área de enfermagem pediátrica

OBJECTIVE: To identity pediatric nursing publications regarding children with congenital defects. METHODS: This study was a literature review of articles published in the main health care databases from 1995 to 2005. RESULTS: The retrieved publications were organized into five themes: 1) exposition to risk factors for congenital defects, 2) use of technology to provide care to children with congenital defects, 3) evaluation of the delivery of care to children with congenital defects and their family, 4) nurses competence to provide quality care to children with congenital defects, and 5) reports of lived experiences of professional nurses who provide care to children with congenital defects, and lived experience of children with congenital defects and their family. CONCLUSION: Nurses who provide care to children with congenital defects base their practice on strong theoretical and practical foundations; and, evidence based nursing interventions to provide the most efficacious care to children with congenital defects and their family continues to evolve.Objective: To identity pediatric nursing publications regarding children with congenital defects. Methods: This study was a literature review of articles published in the main health care databases from 1995 to 2005. Results: The retrieved publications were organized into five themes: 1) exposition to risk factors for congenital defects, 2) use of technology to provide care to children with congenital defects, 3) evaluation of the delivery of care to children with congenital defects and their family, 4) nurse’s competence to provide quality care to children with congenital defects, and 5) reports of lived experiences of professional nurses who provide care to children with congenital defects, and lived experience of children with congenital defects and their family. Conclusion: Nurses who provide care to children with congenital defects base their practice on strong theoretical and practical foundations; and, evidence based nursing interventions to provide the most efficacious care to children with congenital defects and their family continues to evolve.

Representação social da criança sobre o câncer

This research was motivated by the need to know more about the care of children with cancer. The objective of the study was to discover what the social representation of the child with cancer are. Ten open interviews were conducted with children and teenagers from 9 to 15 years of age. The analysis issues that emerged from the childrens discourse were about the disease, the treatment, the health care workers and family relationships. The present study presents the social representation of the disease, with the objective of better understanding the topic and directing nursing care towards a minimization of the trauma which this process brings upon the children.This research was motivated by the need to know more about the care of children with cancer. The objective of the study was to discover what the social representation of the child with cancer are. Ten open interviews were conducted with children and teenagers from 9 to 15 years of age. The analysis issues that emerged from the childrens discourse were about the disease, the treatment, the health care workers and family relationships. The present study presents the social representation of the disease, with the objective of better understanding the topic and directing nursing care towards a minimization of the trauma which this process brings upon the children.

A importância do interacionismo simbólico na prática de enfermagem

No exercicio do cuidar em suas varias dimensoes, o enfermeiro necessita aliar conhecimento tecnico/cientifico ao entendimento do objeto de seu cuidado, ou seja, o ser humano. O Interacionismo Simbolico (IS) e urna abordagem que permite ao enfermeiro compreender o outro, considerando os significados que esse outro atribui as suas experiencias, e leva a adocao de metodologias qualitativas nas pesquisas de enfermagem, importantes porque se prestam ao estudo do ser humano e de suas relacoes em seu ambiente natural, possibilitando a compreensao das experiencias vividas pelos individuos. A utilizacao destes referenciais na enfermagem podera abrir novos caminhos para o conhecimento e a pratica profissional, uma vez que tais abordagens permitem a descoberta de novas perspectivas do cuidar.The nurse should combine, in their daily practice, technical abilities with a profound comprehension of the main object oh their work, the human being. Symbolic Interactionism is an approach which enables the nursery professional to understand patients by the meaning they value their living experiences. The use of qualitative methods in nursery research is essential because it studies the humans beings and their relationship with the environment, allowing the understanding of the living experiences. These kind of approaches should be even more applied in nursery practice as they open new ways for professional knowledge and enrich practical skills.

Discovery of hearing impairment by the family: seeing an idealized future collapse

Objective: To portray the family experience when the discovery of hearing impairment in their child. Methods: Qualitative research with Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as theoretical and methodological frameworks. Data collection instrument: semi-structured interview. The study included nine families (32 participants). Results: The theme, “Seeing an idealized future collapse”, shows that for the family, discovered the possibility of having a child with hearing loss is a moment that involves many negative feelings. Conclusion: Discover the hearing loss has a meaning of the expected loss of the perfect child, frustrated expectations and uncertain future. The family has been inadequately approached and the diagnosis has been made late, which requires immediate changes to the practices of professionals.

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1: evidências da literatura para seu manejo adequado, na perspectiva de crianças

El estudio objetivo identificar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura que aborden, en la perspectiva infantil, los factores relevantes para el manejo adecuado de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Se realizo revision integradora en bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, CUIDEN y PsycINFO, con los descriptores diabetes mellitus tipo 1, nino, prevencion y control, factores desencadenantes, emergencias, autocuidado, aprendizaje y educacion en salud, en periodo 1998 a 2008. Del total, se seleccionaron 19, su analisis permitio identificar las categorias: viviendo con la diabetes; autocuidado y perfil glucemico; actuacion de la familia, amigos y profesionales de saludo; y escuela. Las evidencias determinan que el nino aprecia el apoyo recibido por sus familiares, los cuales tienen relacion directa con la preparacion para el autocuidado. Otros miembros externos a su red tambien son valorizados. La escuela merece atencion, asi como la experiencia particular de cada nino y la educacion en salud.The objective of this study was to identify the evidence available in the literature that address, for childrens perspective, factors that are relevant for an appropriate management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. An integrative review was performed on the PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, CUIDEN and PsycINFO databases, covering the period from 1998 to 2008 and using the following keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, child, prevention and control, triggering factors, emergencies, self care, learning and health education. Nineteen of the surveyed articles were selected, and their analysis revealed the following categories: living with diabetes; self care and glucose profile; the actions of family, friends and health professionals; and school. The evidence show that children appreciate the support they receive from their relatives, which have a direct relationship with being prepared for self care. Other members apart from their network are also valued. Areas that deserve attention are the school, the personal experience of each child, and health education.

Adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa da Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU)

objective: To translate, perform cultural adaptation and validation of the scale Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) for the Portuguese language. Methods: We used the descriptive validation method of measurment instruments, based on the steps proposed by Guillemin et al. The reliability analysis was performed by means of the test - retest method and internal consistency. In the clinical validation, 163 parents of newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were included. results: The intraclass correlation coeffi cients were around 0.70, showing good stability between the two assessments. Factor analysis by principal components method used the same criteria as the original scale, with Varimax rotation, with an appropriate degree of variance of 57.9%. The highest stress levels of parents were obtained in the subscale, “changing role of parents.” Conclusion: The PSS: NICU in the Portuguese version is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the stress of parents with children hospitalized in the NICU.objective: To translate, perform cultural adaptation and validation of the scale Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU) for the Portuguese language. Methods: We used the descriptive validation method of measurment instruments, based on the steps proposed by Guillemin et al. The reliability analysis was performed by means of the test retest method and internal consistency. In the clinical validation, 163 parents of newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were included. results: The intraclass correlation coeffi cients were around 0.70, showing good stability between the two assessments. Factor analysis by principal components method used the same criteria as the original scale, with Varimax rotation, with an appropriate degree of variance of 57.9%. The highest stress levels of parents were obtained in the subscale, “changing role of parents.” Conclusion: The PSS: NICU in the Portuguese version is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the stress of parents with children hospitalized in the NICU.

The perceptions of families with children having chronic diseases and their relationships with healthcare professionals

The prevalence of chronic disease in childhood has increased, placing families in constant contact with health professionals. In such situations the relationship with health professionals has an important role. Few scientific studies address this theme, in spite of its being highlighted as fundamental for effective interaction. The aim of this study was to characterize how the family of a child with a chronic disease perceives its relationship with health professionals. Twenty caregivers for children with chronic diseases were interviewed. The theoretical and methodological frameworks were, respectively, symbolic interactionism and thematic content analysis. The analytical process revealed four themes: role of the caregiver, stressful relationships, services and professionals, and seeking welcoming relationships. The outcomes of this interactional process, which show an incongruity of expectations and behaviors between professionals and families, are poor and generate feelings of abandonment. These can be eased through listening and understanding by other families in similar situations.The prevalence of chronic disease in childhood has increased, placing families in constant contact with health professionals. In such situations the relationship with health professionals has an important role. Few scientific studies address this theme, in spite of its being highlighted as fundamental for effective interaction. The aim of this study was to characterize how the family of a child with a chronic disease perceives its relationship with health professionals. Twenty caregivers for children with chronic diseases were interviewed. The theoretical and methodological frameworks were, respectively, symbolic interactionism and thematic content analysis. The analytical process revealed four themes: role of the caregiver, stressful relationships, services and professionals, and seeking welcoming relationships. The outcomes of this interactional process, which show an incongruity of expectations and behaviors between professionals and families, are poor and generate feelings of abandonment. These can be eased through listening and understanding by other families in similar situations.

Pesquisa etnográfica: iniciando sua compreensão

This study aimed at presenting a number of theoretical considerations related to ethnographic investigation viewing the disclosing of that type of nursing research. This study shows the definitions provided by various authors is addition to the methodology aspects regarding this type of approach.This study aimed at presenting a number of theoretical considerations related to ethnographic investigation viewing the disclosing of that type of nursing research. This study shows the definitions provided by various authors in addition to the methodology aspects regarding this type of approach.Este estudio presenta algunas consideraciones teoricas sobre la investigacion etnografica, con el proposito de divulgar este tipo de investigacion para enfermeria. el texto contempla la definicion de algunos autores, asi como los aspectos metodologicos de este abordaje.