Gismael Francisco Perin

Compliance of the command operations of national agricultural tractors with the NBR ISO 4253 standard

The aim of this study is to compare the location of command operations in agricultural tractors, measured through the Seat Index Point (SIP), with NBR ISO 4253 norms - accomodation of operator seat. This analysis included agricultural tractors manufactured in Brazil from all commercial brands available in the country. The clutch pedal was the command that best met the requirements of norm NBR ISO 4253 (51.4%), followed by the brake pedals (48.2%) and the accelerator pedal (14.3%). Only 23.0% of the operation posts sampled met the requirements of the norm, placing the location of the steering wheel within the limits of the optimal area specified. The best compliance with NBR ISO 4253 was found in the operation posts of New Holland models TS100, TS110 and TS120 (cab model) (100%), followed by the operation post of John Deere models 5605 and 5705 (87.5%), as well as the operation post of Massey Ferguson models MF275, MF283, MF290, MF292, MF297, MF299, MF5275, MF5285 and MF5290, (cab model).

Manejo de plantas daninhas em milho RR® com herbicidas aplicados isoladamente ou associados ao glyphosate

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficacia e a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados isoladamente ou em mistura de tanque na cultura do milho RR®. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: testemunha infestada, testemunha capinada, glyphosate, glyphosate + [atrazine + simazine], glyphosate + [atrazine + simazine], glyphosate + tembotrione, glyphosate + mesotrione, glyphosate + nicosulfuron, glyphosate + 2,4-D, glyphosate + [atrazine + S-metolachlor], glyphosate + [atrazine + S-metolachlor], glyphosate + S-metolachlor, glufosinate ammonium, [nicosulfuron + mesotrione], glyphosate + [nicosulfuron + mesotrione] e glyphosate + [nicosulfuron + mesotrione] + [atrazine + simazine]. A fitotoxicidade ocasionada pelos herbicidas ao hibrido de milho SYN Supremo VIP3 e o controle de Urochloa plantaginea e de Digitaria ciliaris foram avaliados aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias apos a aplicacao dos tratamentos. Na pre-colheita da cultura, determinou-se o controle das plantas daninhas e, em dez plantas por unidade experimental, foram analisadas as variaveis relacionadas aos componentes de rendimento de graos, como altura de insercao da espiga, comprimento da espiga, o numero de fileiras e de graos por fileiras e por espigas de milho. Na colheita do milho, avaliou-se a massa de mil graos e a produtividade de graos. Observou-se que todos os tratamentos herbicidas ocasionaram baixa fitotoxicidade ao milho, exceto a mistura em tanque aplicada em pos-emergencia composta por glyphosate + 2,4-D e glyphosate + mesotrione, que demonstraram as maiores injurias nas quatro epocas avaliadas. A maioria dos herbicidas mostrou bom controle de D. ciliaris e U. plantaginea, com excecao da mistura de glyphosate + 2,4-D na pre-colheita. A mistura em tanque de glyphosate + [atrazine + simazine] aplicada em pos-emergencia demonstrou a maior produtividade de graos. Conclui-se que, dependendo da associacao de herbicidas, ocorre efeito sinergico tanto para o controle das plantas daninhas como para a fitotoxicidade da cultura, sendo a produtividade de graos a principal variavel influenciada.

Weed Interference in the Morphophysiological and Nutritional Characteristics of Erva-Mate ( Ilex paraguariensis )

The erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) represents an alternative crop for agricultural exploitation in South Brazilian farms with potential to export the harvested product. However, there is scarce information about the interference caused by weeds on this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference of weed species on the morphophysiological and nutritional characteristics of erva-mate. The experiment was installed in greenhouse at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Erechim/RS, Brazil, in randomized blocks design, arranged in a 4 × 6 factorial scheme, with four replications. In factor A, weed species (Urochloa plantaginea—Alexandergrass, Bidens pilosa—Hairy beggarticks, Ipomoea indivisa—Morning glory and Conyza bonariensis—Hairy fleabane) were allocated, and in B the populations of these species competing with the erva-mate (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 plants per pot) were considered. The variables evaluated in erva-mate were sub-stomatal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, CO2 consumed, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, height, stem diameter, leaf area and shoot dry mass. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were also evaluated. Overall, all weed species and densities among the tested ones harmed the development of erva-mate plants, which was considered as low competitive with weeds.

Fitorremediação de solo contaminado com herbicidas inibidores de FSII e de ALS

Alternative to decontaminate the soil is the phytoremediation practice. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of the following species: vetch, radish, cereal rye, black soybean and coloniao grass, grown in a soil contaminated with atrazine and chlorimuron ethyl + sulfometuron-methyl. The herbicides were applied in pre-emergence of the species. Two experiments were installed, the first one tested the phytoremediation potential of the species and the second one used the cucumber as bioindicator culture to prove if the soil had been depolluted. The variables evaluated at 40 days after emergence (DAE) were: phytotoxicity (%), height (cm) and dry mass of the aerial part of the plants (g). There is a great variation in the selectivity of the cultures to the two herbicides, and the chlorimuron-ethyl + sulfometuron-methyl mixture presented the highest phytotoxicity symptoms, both for the phytoremediation species and for the bioindicator culture. The results allowed to conclude that the management the black soybean presented a greater potential of phytoremediation of soil contaminated with chlorimuron-ethyl + sulfometuron-methyl and that the colonium grass was the species that demonstrated satisfactory potential as phytoremediation plant of contaminated soil with atrazine.

Fitotoxicidade de clomazone associado com dietholate à cultura do trigo

Nowadays it has become important to test new alternatives herbicide molecules, even if they are not registered for the control of weeds that infest wheat, to evaluate the phytotoxicity to culture and the ability to manage resistant weeds to the products used for this purpose. Thus, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the Phytotoxicity of clomazone associated or not to the dietholate safener applied on wheat. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, arranged in a factorial scheme (5 x 4) + 2 + 2, with four replications. In the factor allocated to dietholate doses (0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 g per 100 kg of seed) and the B clomazone doses (0, 198, 396 and 594 g ha -1 ). Additional Treatments were the control treatments infested and without the application of herbicide, and the application in post-emergence of iodosulfuron-methyl (5 g ha -1 ) and pyroxsulam (18 g ha -1 ). The increase in clomazone doses caused increased phytotoxicity to wheat, with or without the safener . The dietholate showed no ability to protect the wheat from the phytotoxic effects of the herbicide clomazone. The use of clomazone associated with dietholate for weed control on wheat is not recommended. The pyroxsulam was the herbicide that caused minor injuries to wheat.