Greicy Mitzi Bezerra Moreno

Desempenho, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio em cordeiros alimentados com silagem de milho ou cana-de-açúcar e dois níveis de concentrado

Thirty-two non castrated Ile de France lambs fed corn silage or sugar-cane based diets with two roughage:concentrate ratios (60:40 or 40:60) were used. The animals were kept individually confined with control of the supplied food and leftovers, weekly weighted for determination of the daily weight gain and food conversion. Simultaneously, it was carried out digestibility and metabolism trials to determine the nutrient intake and digestibility and nitrogen balance of the experiment diets. The weight gain (294.6 g/day) was higher for the lambs fed corn silage, and regarding to roughage:concentrate 40:60 it was 314.3 g/day. The ratio roughage:concentrate only influenced the consume of digestible fiber in neutral detergent (NDF) and fiber in acid detergent (FAD) in which the highest values, 125.26 and 48.97 g/day obtained with the ratio roughage:concentrate 60:40. The lambs fed corn silage showed a higher intake of all digestible nutrients, except for crude protein (162.00 g/day) and non fibrous carbohydrates (471.42 g/day). The highest digestibility of organic matter (80.34%) and total carbohydrates (80.71%) were obtained with the 40:60 ratio and those of dry matter (78.91%), crude protein (81.30%) and gross energy (78.77%) were obtained for the lambs fed sugar cane. The highest values for ingested, absorbed and retained nitrogen, 32.6, 20.5 and 13.7 g/day, respectively, were observed in diets with 40% of roughage. The type of roughage influences more the nutrient digestibility than its proportion in the diet.

Características físico-químicas e sensoriais da carne de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar ou silagem de milho e dois níveis de concentrado

With the objective of evaluating physic-chemical and sensorial characteristics of meat from lambs finished in feedlot with diets containing sugar cane or corn silage at two roughage:concentrate ratios, 60:40 or 40:60, 32 non-castrated Ile de France lambs, with 15 kg body weight were used. Animals were confined in individual stalls and were slaughtered at 32 kg body weight. Studied diets and muscles did not affect pH at 45 minutes (6.56) and 24 hours (5.62) after slaughter, water holding capacity (58.38%) or cooking losses (34.04%). Meat color and subcutaneous fat color did not differ between diets, but meat color varied for the muscles longissimus lumborum and triceps brachii. Shear force (1.85 kgf/cm²) was not affected by diets, but it was different between muscles, with values 1.41 and 2.28 kgf/cm² for the longissimus lumborum and triceps brachii, respectively. At sensorial analysis of ovine loin and shoulder, the lambs fed sugar cane and higher quantity of concentrate had higher scores for flavor (8.07 and 8.26), texture (8.53 and 8.53), preference (8.20 and 8.46) and acceptance (8.33 and 8.26), respectively. In the diet for feedlot lambs, sugar cane maintained the physic-chemical quality of the meat, so it can be used in this production phase. When associated to higher quantity of concentrate in the diet, sugar cane improves the sensorial quality of lamb meat.

Características nutricionais da carne de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar ou silagem de milho e dois níveis de concentrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs finished on feedlot with diets containing sugar cane or corn silage on two roughage:concentrate ratios (60:40 or 40:60). It was used 32 non castrated Ile de France lambs, with 15 kg of body weight distributed in a complete random experimental design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The animals were confined in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg. Lamb meats had 74.55% of moisture, 19.61% of crude protein, 1.04% of ash and 51.28 mg/100g of cholesterol. Ether extract was greater in meat of lambs fed corn silage (3.97%) and in the meat of those animals which received more concentrate food (4.02%). Fatty acids at greater concentration in lamb meat were: C18:1w9 (37.93%), C16:0 (26.41%), C18:0 (17.09%), C14:0 (4.18%) and C18:2w6 (4.00%). The meat of lambs fed diets containing sugar cane had higher contents of C10:0 (0.47%) and C20:4w6 (4.17%), and lower contents of C16:1w7 (2.02%) and C18:3w3 (0.25%). Diet with greater amount of sugar cane (60%) promoted more contents of acids C15:0 (0.68%), C17:0 (2.13%) and C20:2 (1.34%) in the meat. Diets with sugar cane or more quantities of roughage (60%) promote lower deposition of fat in lamb meat. Type of roughage has more influence on fatty acid profile of lamb meat when compared to roughage:concentrate ratio of diets. Diets containing higher quantity of sugar cane originate lamb meat with greater concentrations of odd chain saturated fatty acids.

Rendimentos de carcaça, composição tecidual e musculosidade da perna de cordeiros alimentados com silagem de milho ou cana-de-açúcar em dois níveis de concentrado

The effects of roughage:concentrate ratio and type of roughage were evaluated on the carcass yield and commercial cuts, and tissue composition and leg muscularity of 32 Ile de France lambs finished in feedlot and fed corn silage or sugar cane in two roughage:concentrate ratios: 60:40 or 40:60. The lambs were slaughtered with 32kg of body weight and the weight and yield of hot carcass (WHC and YHC) were determined. After refrigerated for 24h in cold camera, the weight and yield of cold carcass (WCC and YCC), real yield, and weight loss for cooling were obtained. The carcass was divided in five commercial cuts (shoulder, loin, leg, ribs, and neck), and the leg was dissected on muscle, bone, and fat, and the relations muscle:bone and muscle:fat and also the leg muscularity index were calculated. The lambs fed corn silage showed higher WHC (16.05kg), WCC (15.61kg), YHC (50.42%), and YCC (49.03%). The loin yield was lower in lambs fed sugar cane (9.11%). The sugar cane and corn silage in this two roughage:concentrate ratios did not affect the proportions of muscle, bone, and fat, and leg muscularity. Therefore, they can be used in diets for animals without reducing the proportions of these tissues, that are related to meat quality.

Rendimento dos componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com silagem de milho ou cana-de-açúcar e dois níveis de concentrado

The objective of this result was to evaluate the yields of non-carcass components of lambs finished in feedlot feeding on diets with corn silage or sugarcane under two levels of concentrate. Thirty-two non-castrated Ile de France lambs fed on corn silage or sugar cane with two roughage:concentrate ratios: 60:40 or 40:60. Lambs were confined until they reached 32 kg of body weight (BW), when they were slaughtered. After the bleeding, all non-carcass components (blood, skin, head, feet, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, liver, heart, lung with trachea, pancreas, kidneys with perirenal fat, omental and mesenteric fat) were separated and weighed, and their percentages were calculated in relation to the BW. The content of gastrointestinal tract was greater in lambs which fed on sugar cane (15.17%) and 60% of roughage (14.55%); while omental and kidney fats were greater in lambs that received corn silage, 0.53 and 0.63%, respectively. The roughage:concentrate ratio and type of forage affected the proportions of rumen, omasum and small intestine in relation to the total weight of gastrointestinal tract. The roughage:concentrate ratio and type of forage influence the content of the gastrointestinal tract of lambs, indirectly affecting the carcass yields. The type of food has greater influence on the proportions of the organs responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients. The factors that influence the non-carcass components of lambs are varied and contradictory, requiring more research that might encourage their use and, consequently, add more value to the production systems of sheep meat.

Meat Quality of Lambs Fed Different Saltbush Hay (Atriplex Nummularia) Levels

Climate changes have increased soil and water salinity, compromising animal production especially in dry areas where scientists have become more interested in halophyte plants, like saltbush. The effects of saltbush hay levels (30, 40, 50 and 60%) were evaluated based on physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory parameters of Santa Inês lamb meat. Thirty-two 8-month-old castrated Santa Inês lambs, with initial weights of 22±1.97 kg were used; they were slaughtered after 60 days in the feedlot. The pH, colour, moisture, protein and cholesterol contents did not differ among treatments. Panelists observed a greater intensity of lamb smell and flavour (P=0.0035) in the meat of animals that received more concentrate in the diet. An increase in the inclusion of saltbush increased ash percentage (P=0.0232), total saturated (P=0.0035) and polyunsaturated (P=0.0287) fatty acids and reduced the lipids (P=0.0055) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (P=0.0058) of the meat. Therefore, saltbush hay can be used as a feeding resource in regions with problems of water and soil salinity because it does not impair the physicalchemical, nutritional and sensory quality of sheep meat.

Silagem de gramíneas tropicais não-graníferas

O processo de ensilagem e um importante metodo de conservacao de forragem. A fermentacao anaerobica do volumoso umido resulta em producao de acidos orgânicos e queda do potencial hidrogenionico (pH) do meio. A ensilagem de gramineas tropicais encontra entraves na queda do pH do meio devido a quantidade reduzida de carboidratos soluveis e elevados teores de umidade, principalmente. Fatores inerentes a planta (teor de umidade, teor de carboidratos soluveis e capacidade tampao) e ao manejo (colheita, tamanho de particula, compactacao, emuchecimento, exposicao ao ar e uso de aditivos) sao os principais responsaveis pelo sucesso da ensilagem de gramineas tropicais. O capim-elefante, a cana-de-acucar e os capins tropicais de generos diversos sao as principais alternativas nao-graniferas para producao de silagem. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se revisar os aspectos fermentativos, perdas no processo e estrategias de reducao de perdas na ensilagem de gramineas tropicais bem como levantar dados sobre o valor nutritivo desse alimento para ruminantes.