Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior

Gross composition, fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of Saanen goat milk fed with Cacti varieties

The use of cactus is an alternative for sustainable production systems in Northeast Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of supplying five cacti species from the Brazilian semi-arid northeast region on the physical-chemical sensory characteristics and the profile of fatty acids of Saanen goat milk. Five multiparous goats were used, confined, and distributed in a Latin square 5u2009×u20095 design, with five experimental diets and five periods. Treatments consisted of 473 to 501xa0g/kg of a cactaceous mix (Pilosocereus gounellei, Cereus jamacaru, Cereus squamosus, Nopalea cochenillifera, or Opuntia stricta) added to 187.8 to 197.9xa0g/kg of “Sabiá” (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) hay and 311 to 329xa0g/kg of concentrate. No effects of experimental diets (Pu2009>u20090.05) were evidenced in the physical and chemical composition of milk for fat, total solids, or salt levels. However, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat levels, and cryoscopy point were influenced by diet (Pu2009<u20090.05). There was no significant difference (Pu2009>u20090.05) in the profile of fatty acids between treatments for all acids found, except for butyric acid. Diets also did not (Pu2009>u20090.05) confer sensory changes in milk characteristics. The use of the native cacti in the dairy goats’ diet did not influence the sensory characteristics or lipid profile of milk.

Rendimentos de carcaça, cortes comerciais e não-componentes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com feno de erva-sal e concentrado

This work aimed to evaluate the carcass yields, commercial cuts and non-carcass components of Santa Ines lambs fed with 30, 40, 50 or 60% of oldman saltbush hay with concentrated. Were used 32 castrated lambs at 8 months old and initial body weight of 22 + 1.97kg, housed individually and slaughtered after 60 days of feedlot. The weights of hot and cold carcass decreased linearly with the inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet, however, there was no effect for true carcass yield and commercial cuts: shoulder (19.26%), neck (8.52%) ribs (26.57%) and leg (33.88%). There was a linear decrease for ribeye area and fat thickness when the level of hay in the diet increased. The weights and yields of skin, liver, heart, kidneys with perirenal fat, omental and mesenteric fats decreased linearly with the inclusion of hay in the diet, while the content (%) of gastrointestinal tract increased. The increased proportion of saltbush hay in the diet of lambs provided adequate true carcass yield and commercial cuts, however, reduces the ribeye area and fat thickness, important measurements in the qualitative evaluation of the lamb’s carcass.

Spineless cactus associated with Tifton hay or sugarcane bagasse may replace corn silage in sheep diets

The effect of the replacement of corn silage with spineless cactus associated with Tifton 85 hay or sugarcane bagasse was evaluated on the performance, body weight components and sheep meat quality. Twenty-one Santa Inês male sheep with initial body weight of 22.9xa0±xa02.9xa0kg were used. They were confined in individual stalls for 74xa0days receiving the following diets: corn silage + concentrate (CS); spineless cactus + Tifton 85 hay + concentrate (TH); spineless cactus + sugarcane bagasse + concentrate (SB). After the feedlot period, the animals were slaughtered and their body components were weighed and sampled. Data were submitted to Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The average daily gain (0.25 vs 0.14xa0kg), cold carcass weight (13.3 vs 13.7xa0kg), loin muscularity (0.6 vs 0.4xa0kg) and liver weight (0.7 vs. 0.5xa0kg) were higher (Pxa0<xa00.05) for the TH diet when compared to that for the CS. The physical-chemical parameters of meat were not influenced (Pxa0>xa00.05) by the treatments and presented about 20.1% of crude protein, 6.1% of crude fat and shear force of 2.0xa0kgf/cm2. In complete diets for sheep, Tifton 85 hay associated with spineless cactus provides greater weight gain, cold carcass muscularity and organ weight when compared to those for animals fed with corn silage as exclusive roughage. Sugarcane bagasse associated with spineless cactus may replace corn silage in complete diets for sheep.

Evaluation of microbiological, cellular and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. Methods Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation). Results The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between 9.10×103 to 6.94×106 colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals’ waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Conclusion Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterimum bovis were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.

Perfil bioquímico sérico de bezerros de origem leiteira aleitados com dietas líquidas alternativas

O perfil metabolico e utilizado como monitoramento rotineiro para o diagnostico de transtornos metabolicos, deficiencias nutricionais e como preventivo de transtornos subclinicos, alem da pesquisa de problemas de saude e de desempenho de um rebanho. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influencia de diferentes dietas liquidas contendo soro de queijo e colostro sobre os perfis dos metabolitos sericos de bezerros durante a fase de aleitamento. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mesticos provenientes de rebanhos leiteiros da regiao, distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com tres tratamentos e oito repeticoes: LI = Leite integral (controle); LS = 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo in natura; SC = 70% de Soro de queijo in natura + 30% Colostro. Semanalmente foram coletadas amostras de sangue por puncao jugular externa, no periodo da manha, antes do fornecimento da dieta liquida e duas horas apos a ingestao desta. As concentracoes dos parâmetros sericos avaliados diferiram entre os tratamentos, porem sem comprometer o desempenho dos animais. Desse modo, a utilizacao de soro de queijo associado ao colostro apresenta-se como forma viavel de reducao de custos com aleitamento de bezerros, visto que possiveis deficits causados pelas diferencas nutricionais das dietas liquidas sao supridos pelos alimentos solidos, nao afetando os perfis dos metabolitos sericos relacionados ao status proteico e energetico.

Avaliação dos impactos ambientais e sociais gerados pela utilização do kit Embrapa de ordenha manual na produção de leite de cabra

This study aimed to assess the social and environmental expectations of producers and the exante and ex-post evaluation of the environmental and social impacts of using Embrapa`s milking kit for dairy goats in agricultural family farmers. Two studies were conducted: the first study was conducted in 37 properties distributed between the municipalities of Monteiro/PB, Quixadá/CE e Afonso Bezerra/RN and the second study was conducted on 14 properties in the city of Monteiro/PB. This evaluation of social and environmental impact was done using the methodology of the “Sistema de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental de Inovações Tecnológicas Agropecuárias” (Ambitec-Agro), which were implemented two modules: Ambitec-Animal Production and Welfare. For the study two the data used in this study were obtained through questionnaires and interview with farmers, whose had attributed to each variable a specific value that represents the change provided by the implementation of that technology. The farmers expects that the adoption of Embrapa`s Milking Kit led to overall rates of positive environmental and social impacts, with the Monteiro region, the county showing a statistical difference at 5% level. The adoption of the Embrapa kit has generated positive environmental and social impacts on all properties, indicating that this technology is suitable and may be appropriate in family farming systems.