Guilherme de Souza Moura

Desempenho e atividade de amilase em tilápias-do-nilo submetidas a diferentes temperaturas

Abstract€–€ The€objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and amylase activity in chime of Niletilapia male, Thai line, submitted to four different temperatures. The experimental design was completely randomizedwith four treatments (20, 24, 28 and 32 o C), six replicates and ten fishes per experimental unit. The diet was thesame for all treatments. At 55€days of experiment, apparent feed intake, weight gain, apparent feed conversion,amylase activity and specific amylase activity were evaluated. The apparent feed intake and weight gain increasedlinearly with temperature increase. For apparent feed conversion, quadratic effect was observed as a function oftemperature, showing a conversion improvement of 1.79 to 1.00 with the increase of the temperature until 29,15 o C.Linear effect in amylase activity and specific amylase activity was observed as a result of temperature, comprisinghigh amylase activity and low specific amylase activity at 32 o C. Water temperature influences the performanceand amylase activity in Nile tilapia.Index terms:

Dietas de diferentes densidades energéticas mantendo constante a relação energia metabolizável: nutrientes para codornas japonesas em postura

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of energetic density reduction in diets in the performance of Japanese quail, keeping constant the metabolizable energy (ME) to nutrients ratio. A total of 400 Japanese quails with 155 g ± 5.5 g and 76 to 160 days old were distributes to a complete randomized experimental design with five energetic density, eight replicates and ten birds per experimental unit. Five energetic density in the diets was evaluated (2,900, 2,800, 2,700, 2,600, and 2,500 kcal ME/kg of diet) keeping constant the metabolizable energy to nutrients ratio. The birds were fullfed during all experimental period. It was observed difference for feed intake, feed conversion per egg mass and feed conversion per egg dozen related to energy level in the diet. However, the diets did not influence the intakes of energy, crude protein, lysine, methionine+cystine, threonine, egg production, commercial egg production, egg mass, energy efficiency per egg mass, energy efficiency per egg dozen, weight gain and quail viability. For Japanese quail in posture, diets with 2,900 and 2,800 kcal ME/kg provided better feed conversion per egg mass and feed conversion per egg dozen, respectively, when the metabolizable to nutrients ratio is kept.

Efeito da redução da densidade energética de dietas sobre as características do ovo de codorna japonesa

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduction of energetic density of the diet on the quality of Japanese quail eggs, keeping the same metabolizable energy (ME):nutrients relationship. It was used 400 Japanese quails from 76 to 160 days of age, distributed in a complete random design, with five treatments, 10 replicates and 8 birds per experimental unity. It was used five diets with different energetic densities (2,900; 2,800; 2,700; 2,600; and 2,500 kcal ME/kg), keeping constant the relationship between metabolizable energy and nutrients of the diet, which had 2,900 kcal ME/kg. Diet was fed ad libitum during all the experimental period. There was a significant difference only on the ration intake and on the egg specific weight. It was not observed significant difference among diets for the following parameters: metabolizable energy intake, crude protein and amino acids, egg weight, egg mass, yolk weight, yolk percentage, albumen height, albumen percentage, shell weight, shell percentage, egg diameters and egg height. Diets with 2,800 and 2,900 kcal ME/kg, by keeping constant metabolizable energy:nutrients ratio, provide the same egg quality.

Effects of enzyme complex SSF (solid state fermentation) in pellet diets for Nile tilapia

The effects of enzyme complex SSF (solid state fermentation) on growth performance and the availability of sucrose and monosaccharides in the chyme of Nile were involved. The study included 360 fish (70g±4.43) in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of SSF) arranged in six replicates, with 10 fish per replicate. Every 15 days, one tilapia of each experimental unit was sacrificed for analyses of carbohydrate in the chyme. On day 60 of the experiment, the performance parameters were measured. There was a linear effect according to treatment for final weight and weight gain. For the other performance parameters, there were no differences. There was quadratic effect for sucrose and glucose in function of the treatment, whereas the fructose levels increased linearly. The addition of 150 ppm of the enzyme complex SSF in the feed improves the performance of Nile tilapia and increases the availability of sucrose and monosaccharides in the chyme.

Influence of supplying bullfrog tadpoles with feed containing 28% crude protein on performance and enzymatic activities

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influencia da alimentacao de girinos de ra-touro com racao comercial contendo 28% de proteina bruta (PB) no desempenho e nas atividades de enzimas digestivas desses animais. Utilizaram-se 120 girinos no estagio 25 de Gosner com 0,046 g e 6,22 mm, respectivamente, mantidos em quatro caixas contendo 30 L de agua, na densidade de 1 girino/L. O experimento teve duracao de 60 dias e quinzenalmente foram avaliadas as seguintes caracteristicas de desempenho: taxa de sobrevivencia, comprimento, peso final, ganho de peso, consumo de racao, conversao alimentar aparente, taxa de crescimento especifico e as atividades no quimo das enzimas amilase, lipase e tripsina. A alimentacao teve efeito quadratico sobre o comprimento e o peso final. O crescimento dos girinos foi maior do 15o ao 45o dia (19,82 mm). No 15o dia, os girinos apresentaram a maior taxa de crescimento especifico (16,93%/dia), de modo que o maior ganho de peso (5,460 g), o consumo de racao (14,099 g) e a melhor conversao alimentar aparente (2,46) ocorreram do 45o ao 60o dia. A atividade especifica da amilase foi 205 vezes maior aos 60 dias em comparacao ao inicio do experimento. Os resultados indicam que, para as tres enzimas em estudo, a capacidade de acao sobre o quimo dos girinos aumenta significativamente apos o 3o dia experimental e que a capacidade dos girinos em digerir alimentos a base de carboidratos e superior a de digerir proteinas, fato que se acentua na fase inicial da alimentacao exogena. A racao comercial com 28% de PB proporciona bom desempenho aos girinos de ra-touro, possibilitando a formacao de imagos dentro dos padroes dos ranarios comerciais, um indicativo provisorio para alteracao de manejo visando a reducao de custos operacionais.

LINHAGENS DE TILÁPIAS DO NILO SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE ESTOCAGEM NA LARVICULTURA

Larvae from two Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) lineages were subjected to different storage densities. An experiment was conducted arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, four storage densities (6.25, 12.50, 18.75 and 25.00 larvae L) and two lineages (GIFT and Thai). Larvae from the lineage GIFT and Thai (4,000) were distributed in 32 aquariums with 8 liters of water each, in a randomized order with four replications. The larvae were maintained in the aquariums with constant aeration and natural photoperiod for 36 days. Limnological variables were within the proper range to the specie. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and the Tukey test was used for the density effects. Regarding the biological variables, there was no interaction between lineage and density. The GIFT lineage presented better performance on total length and biomass at the 36 day. Regarding the densities of each lineage, the greater length, weight and weight gain results were found with a density of 6.25 larvae L, however, an increase in biomass and a space use optimization occurs using 25 larvae L. Therefore, the lineage GIFT at density of 25.00 larvae L is indicated for larval culture.

Espécies forrageiras para produção de leite em solos de várzea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage availability, pasture morphological and chemical composition, pasture carrying capacity and the milk production of cows on three forage grasses under continues stocking and the variable rate on lowland soil. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and three replicates. The treatments were the Paspalum atratum cv Pojuca grass, Brachiaria humidicola cv Llanero grass and tangola grass (natural hybrid of Brachiaria arrecta and Brachiaria mutica). The stocking rate was adjusted to maintain the forage available between 2.000 and 3.000 kg dry matter per hectare. The period evaluated was from November 2003 to May 2004. There was no significant difference between the species when the dry matter availability of green forage was evaluated, with mean value of 2.902 kg/ha. The pojuca grass had 62% of leaf blade and 38% of stem + sheath in green forage dry mass, followed by humidicola grass with 49 and 51% and tangola grass with 18 and 22%, respectively. The tangola grass showed higher level of crude protein on the leaf blade (15.41%) than humidicola (9.98%) and pojuca (8.74%) grasses and lower levels of fiber (NDF and ADF). The individual production of cows was affected by the better nutritional value of the tangola grass. The average daily production of this grass was higher (10.27 kg/cow) than the pojuca grass (7.8 kg/cow) and had similar value to humidicola grass (9.16 kg/cow). The milk production per area, with had mean of 27.8 kg/ha × day-1, was not affected by the forage grasses because the more high stocking rate of pojuca grass, although not significant, compensated the lower individual production.

Trypsin activity in chyme of Thai tilapia submitted to different water temperatures

The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of trypsin in the intestinal content of the Thai tilapia male submitted to four different water temperatures. Fingerlings with 0.835 ± 0.004 g initial body weight were distributed in fishbowls with temperatures of 20, 24, 28 and 32oC. They were fed the same diet and maintained under these conditions until the 55th day of the experiment. The tilapias were removed from the fishbowls and immediately placed on ice for death and to halt the enzymatic activity. The middle and posterior intestines were removed and placed in 2 mL polyethylene flasks. The samples were centrifuged to determine the trypsin activity in the supernatant by using N-Benzoil-D, L-arginina p-nitroanilida (D,L-BApNA) as substrate -and later reading in an optical spectrophotometer. Male Thai tilapia submitted to 32oC increased tripsin activity and decreased specific tripsin activity.

Desempenho e atividade de lipase em tilápias do Nilo

EnglishThe objective was to evaluate the effects of temperature on performance and activity of lipase in the Nile tilapia, Thai lineage. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (20, 24, 28 and 32oC), six replicates and ten fishes per experimental unit. The diet was the same for all treatments. At 55 days of experiment were evaluated apparent feed intake, weight gain, apparent feed conversion, lipase activity and specific lipase activity. The apparent feed intake and weight gain increased linearly with temperature increase. For apparent feed conversion, quadratic effect was observed as a function of temperature, showing a conversion improvement of 1.79 to 1.00 with the increase of the temperature until 29,15oC. Linear effect in lipase and specific lipase activities was observed too as a result of temperature, comprising high lipase activity at 32oC. Water temperature influences the performance and amylase activity in Nile tilapia. portuguesObjetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da temperatu- ra no desempenho e na atividade de lipase de tilapias do Nilo, linhagem Tailandesa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (20, 24, 28 e 32oC), seis repeticoes e 10 peixes por unidade experimental (aquario). Utilizou-se a mesma dieta para todos os tratamentos. Aos 55 dias do experimento foi avaliado o consumo de racao aparente, o ganho de peso, a conversao alimentar aparente, a atividade de lipase e a atividade especifica de lipase. O consumo de racao aparente e o ganho de peso aumentaram linearmente (p