Gustavo Henrique Rodrigues

Polpa cítrica em rações para cordeiros em confinamento: características da carcaça e qualidade da carne

The objective of this trial was to determine the effects of feeding diets containing citrus pulp on carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Thirty-two Santa Ines lambs were distributed in a complete randomized block design according to body weight and age at the beginning of the performance trial. Lambs were fed diets containing 90% concentrate (corn and/or citrus pulp, soybean meal and minerals) and 10% coastcross hay (Cynodon spp). Citrus pulp was added at levels 23.7, 46.1 and 68.4% in the DM, replacing corn by 33, 67 or 100%. When lambs reached 33 kg of BW, they were slaughtered to determine dressing percentage, cold carcass yield, chilling loss, backfat thickness, loin eye area, cut yields and proportion of muscle, fat and bone. In addition, water holding capacity, color, cooking loss and pH were determined. Carcass characteristics were not altered by feeding citrus pulp to the lambs. However, the total replacement of corn by citrus pulp decreased carcass fat content by 12.4%.

Efeito do Lactobacillus buchneri na fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia e no valor nutritivo de silagem de cana-de-açúcar

Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar o valor nutritivo, a estabilidade aerobia de silagens de cana-de-acucar e a digestibilidade aparente de racoes contendo essas silagens. No experimento 1, a cana-de-acucar foi ensilada sem aditivo ou inoculada com cepas NCIMB 40788 do Lactobacillus buchneri (5 x 104 ufc/g de materia verde). Amostras das silagens foram analisadas e comparadas a cana-de-acucar in natura para avaliacao da estabilidade aerobia, considerando os dados de temperatura, pH e perdas de MS das silagens. No experimento 2, utilizaram-se 12 cordeiros distribuidos em blocos completos casualizados e mantidos em gaiolas para ensaio de metabolismo recebendo racoes contendo cana-de-acucar in natura, silagem de cana-de-acucar sem aditivo ou silagem de cana-de-acucar tratada com Lactobacillus buchneri. Os teores de materia seca, carboidratos soluveis e acido acetico foram maiores na silagem com aditivo. O teor de etanol nao diferiu entre as silagens. A silagem tratada com aditivo apresentou menor perda de materia seca e manutencao do pH durante o periodo de avaliacao em aerobiose. A digestibilidade aparente de fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente acido e hemicelulose foram maiores nas racoes contendo silagem de cana-de-acucar.

Digestibilidade da dieta, parâmetros ruminais e desempenho de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com polpa cítrica peletizada e resíduo úmido de cervejaria

Two experiments were carried out with the objective to determine the effect of replacing corn by dried citrus pulp and wet brewer grain on apparent digestibility of nutrients of the diet, ruminal parameters and performance of sheep. The diets were defined by the replacement of corn (control) by dried citrus pulp or by a mixture of wet brewer grain and citrus pulp. In experiment 1, for evaluation of intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients and ruminal parameters, 12 Santa Ines ram lambs fitted with canulas in the rumen were assigned to a randomized complete block design with three diets and four replicates. In experiment two, for performance evaluation, 48 ewe lambs were confined and fed the same diets of experiment 1. Replacement of corn by dried citrus pulp did not affect intake or digestibility of nutrients in the diet. However, the inclusion of wet brewer grain reduced intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, with exception of NDF. Apparent digestibility of NDF was similar among diets. Inclusion of wet brewer grain in the diet decreased ruminal concentration of acetate and propionate and increased acetate/propionate ratio and ruminal pH. In general, there is no difference between the diet containing corn and that containing citrus pulp in total replacement to corn. The use of wet brewer grain, however, reduces average daily gain, final body weight and feed efficiency.

Apparent digestibility of diets with combinations of soybean hulls and coastcross (Cynodon sp.) hay offered to ram lambs

Soybean hulls (SH) are an alternative fiber source that may be used to maintain neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration while increasing the energy concentration of ruminant diets. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of replacing coastcross (Cynodon sp.) hay NDF by SH NDF on the apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance of Santa Ines ram lambs. Twenty-four animals (42.5 ± 3.6 kg of body weight and six months old) were placed in metabolism crates and assigned in a randomized complete block design defined by body weight (BW). Experimental diets provided a similar concentration of NDF (52%) and crude protein (15%). Hay NDF from a 70% roughage-based diet was replaced with SH NDF by 33%, 67%, and 100%, resulting in 0, 25, 52, and 77% of SH in the dietary dry matter (DM), respectively. There was a linear increase (p 0.05) on water intake when SH replaced hay. The SH can replace forage and may be included up to 77% in the dietary DM of ram lambs with satisfactory values of nutrient digestibilities.

Efeito do genótipo sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de borregas

The objective in this study was to investigate the effects of genotype (breed) on the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle of feedlot ewe lambs. Thirty-six ewe lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design with the following genotypes: Santa Ines (SI), Ile de France (IF), Ile de France × Santa Ines (IF × SI), Dorper × Santa Ines (DO × SI), Texel × Santa Ines (TE × SI) and Suffolk × Santa Ines (SU × SI). Blocks were defined by initial weight and age. Genotype did not affect moisture, ash or protein content of the longissimus dorsi. Meat from SI and SU × SI ewe lambs showed less fat compared with IF and IF × SI. Oleic (C18:1cis), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0) were the fatty acids found in largest amounts in the intramuscular fat in this study. The genetic group IF × SI showed smaller ratio between polyunsatured fatty acid (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) when compared with SI and SU × SI ewe lambs. Santa Ines and Suffolk × Santa Ines crossbred animals showed potential to produce meat with higher nutritional value due to lower fat content and better ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids.

Desempenho, características da carcaça, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, metabolismo de nitrogênio e parâmetros ruminais de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo polpa cítrica úmida semidespectinada e/ou polpa cítrica desidratada

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to determine the effects of partial replacement of dried citrus pulp (DCP)by wet low pectin citrus pulp (WLPCP), wet low pectin citrus pulp silage (WLPCPS) or wet low pectin citrus pulp silagewith sodium benzoate (WLPCPS+B) on performance and carcass characteristics, apparent digestibility of nutrients, ruminalmeasures, and nitrogen metabolism of lambs. In the performance trial, 64 Santa Ines ram lambs were fed 95% concentrateand 5% sugarcane bagasse diets during 56 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB). The controldiet contained 69.5% DCP, while in the other treatments fresh or ensiled WLPCP replaced DCP by 30% on a DM basis.There were no differences in DMI, ADG or carcass characteristics. However, feed efficiency was greater for lambs fedWLPCP compared with lambs fed DCP. In the digestibility trial, 16 Santa Ines ram lambs, canulated in the rumen, wereassigned to a RCB design. Animals were fed diets containing 85% of concentrate and 15% of sugarcane bagasse. The controldiet contained 75.3% DCP. A portion (30%) of the DCP DM was replaced by WLPCP, WLPCPS or WLPCPS+B. Therewas no difference in DM, organic matter or crude protein apparent digestibilities, except for neutral detergent fiberdigestibility. Additionally, ruminal ammonia concentration was higher in diets containing DCP compared with WLPCPSand WLPCPS+B. Nevertheless, no effects of treatments were seen on the other ruminal measures. Fresh or ensiled WLPCPcan partially replace DCP in rations with high level of concentrate for feedlot lambs.Key Words: byproducts, feedlot, pectin, Santa Ines, silage

Perfil de ácidos graxos e composição química do músculo longissimus dorsi de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo polpa cítrica

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing corn by dried citrus pulp on chemical composition and fatty acids profile in longissimus dorsi muscle of thirty-two Santa Ines lambs, slaughtered at average weight of 33 kg at 141 days of age. Lambs were fed a 90% concentrate (ground corn and/or dried citrus pulp, soybean meal and minerals) and 10% coastcross hay (Cynodon spp) diet. Dried citrus pulp was added at 23.7, 46.1 and 68.4% of dry matter replacing corn by 33, 67 and 100%, respectively. Total replacement of corn by dried citrus pulp resulted in 177% increase in linolenic acid concetration (C18:3) while a partial replacement showed 72% increase in conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 cis9 trans11). There was no change in total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration. However, the intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle decreased as dried citrus pulp increased in the diet, with no effect on moisture, protein and mineral percentage. The replacement of corn by dried citrus pulp in the rations changes the quantity and profile of lipids in longissimus muscles of lambs.

Nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows supplemented with unsaturated fatty acid

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o uso de fontes de acidos graxos insaturados nas racoes de vacas leiteiras sobre o balanco de nutrientes e o perfil de acidos graxos do leite. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas Holandesas no terco medio de lactacao (media de 128 dias) e (580 ± 20 kg de peso; media ± DP) com producao media de leite de 25kg/dia distribuidas aleatoriamente em tres quadrados latinos balanceados 4 x 4 alimentadas com as seguintes dietas: controle (C); oleo de soja refinado; (OS); grao de soja integral (GS) e; sais de calcio de acidos graxos insaturados (SCAG). A producao de leite obtida foi de 26,6; 26,4; 24,1 e 25,7kg/dia para as dietas CO, OS, GS e SCAG respectivamente. As vacas alimentadas com a dieta GS produziram menos leite (1,95kg/dia), gordura e lactose em relacao as vacas alimentadas com as dietas OS e SCAG. As vacas alimentadas com a dieta SCFA, apresentaram menores concentracoes de nitrogenio ureico no sangue, leite, urina (g/dia), maior eficiencia do uso de nitrogenio e consumo de energia em relacao a dieta OS. As vacas alimentadas com as dietas contendo fontes de acidos graxos insaturados demonstraram maiores concentracoes no leite dos acidos graxos C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 e C18:1, trans-11, em relacao as vacas alimentadas com a dieta CO. O uso de grao de soja integral e oleo de soja promovem maior eficiencia dos processos digestivos e aumentam as concentracoes de acidos graxos insaturados no leite de vacas leiteiras.

Giant submandibular sialolith conservatively treated

Sialolithiasis is the most common non-neoplastic disease of the salivary glands, which is characterized by the development of sialoliths inside these glands, particularly in the submandibular gland. It is estimated that 12 of every 1,000 adult patients present sialolithiasis. Diagnosis is not challenging. Symptoms comprise local swelling, signs of infection, and pain–although the latter may be absent in 17% of the cases.1 Perforation of the mouth floor by a giant sialolith is extremely rare.2 It is believed that the physiopathology of sialoliths comprises the deposition of minerals around a niche of bacteria, mucus, or desquamated cells; increased calcium concentration and alkalinity in the saliva; and infection, inflammation, or trauma of the salivary gland or its duct. The submandibular glands are more likely to form calculus because their saliva is more alkaline and has a higher concentration of calcium and phosphate.3,4 Approximately 80-90% of all cases of sialolithiasis occur in the submandibular glands.5 The size of sialoliths ranges from less than 1 mm to a few centimeters and most of the calculi (88%) are less than 10 mm in size.6,7 However, giant sialoliths (>15 mm) in the submandibular duct have rarely been reported and may reach from 35 mm to 70 mm.2,3,8 The etiology of submandibular gland’s sialoliths is not well established,3 and males are affected twice as much as females.9 These cases are associated with long and large gauge ducts, slow salivary flow, alkaline pH of the saliva, high mucin concentration, and a high rate of calcium.3 Sialolithiasis is often accompanied by recurrent episodes of pain and swelling in the involved salivary gland. Patients often look for medical care later rather than sooner, when the calculus has already become large. Episodes of local pain and swelling are usually associated with eating.10 Interestingly, our patient has never presented pain associated with the left submandibular region swelling, which may have permitted the development of such a large sialolith. The aim of the treatment of giant sialoliths is to restore the normal salivary secretion, which generally requires a minimally invasive intraoral sialotomia.11 We describe the case of a 48-year-old female patient that looked for the Stomatology Outpatient Clinic complaining of a painless mass in the neck over the last 3 years. She denied any other comorbidity. On intraand extra-oral examination, a hard, painless, and mobile nodule was palpable in the region of the left submandibular gland. Radiographically, an extensive radiolucent area with defined limits was observed in the area of the left submandibular gland consistent with the diagnosis of sialolith (Figure 1A). Surpr i s ing ly , dur ing examinat ion of the submandibular gland, a calculus of 45 mm was exteriorized from an epithelialized fouling site, and Letter to the Editor

Utilização de monoamônio fosfato em rações com elevado teor de polpa cítrica para cordeiros em confinamento

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of adding monoammonium phosphate (MAP) in high concentrate diets containing citrus pulp on feedlot lamb performance and carcass characteristics. Twenty four Santa Ines lambs (26.4 kg of initial body weight and 125 d old) were penned individually and used in a randomized complete block design according to body weight and age at beginning of the trial. Diets were formulated to provide a similar amount of crude protein and contained 70% of citrus pulp on a DM basis. MAP was added at 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% of the diet DM corresponding to the experimental treatments CON, 0.3MAP, 0.6MAP, and 0.9MAP, respectively. There was a linear decrease in dry matter intake and average daily gain, although no changes on carcass measures were observed. The use of MAP in citrus pulp diets affects lamb growth negatively.