Harlene Hatterman-Valenti

Furrow vs hill planting of sprinkler-irrigated russet burbank potatoes on coarse-textured soils

Surface water runoff from the hill, where potatoes are planted, to the furrow may exacerbate potato drought sensitivity. Planting into furrows and constructing midrow ridges may improve water use efficiency and relieve water stress on potato by directing water toward, not away from, the plants. A 3-year field study was conducted to compare yields and tuber size distributions of furrow- and hill-planted potato (Solanum tuberosum L., ‘Russet Burbank’) on coarse-textured, well-drained soils under sprinkler irrigation. A split-plot experimental design with main plots of row orientation (N-S vs E-W) and subplots of planting method (hill and furrow) combined with two planting depths was used at two central North Dakota sites. Except for planting method and limiting the post-emergence cultivation in the furrow treatments, all cultural practices (fertilizer, irrigation, etc.) were identical and corresponded with conventional practices for hill planted potato. Row orientation did not affect yield for any tuber size category. Averaged over 3 years, furrow-planted potato produced 24% larger tubers (188 vs 151 g), 31% smaller yield for tubers <113 g (4.99 vs 7.21 Mg ha−1), 28% smaller yield for tubers 113 to 170 g (8.14 vs 11.3 Mg ha−1), 8% larger yields for tubers 170 to 283 g (18.0 vs 16.6 Mg ha−1), 103% larger yields for tubers 283 to 454 g (10.9 vs 5.36 Mg ha−1), 341% larger yields for tubers >454 g (2.65 vs 0.60 Mg ha−1), and 10% larger total yields (46.2 vs 41.9 Mg ha−1) compared with hill-planted potato. There were no differences in tuber specific gravity. Preliminary soil water measurements indicated an inter-row water-harvesting effect for furrow planting compared with hill planting. The furrow-planting method may offer significant potential for ameliorating the drought sensitivity of potato.ResumenEl agua que corre del camellón donde se siembra papa hacia el fondo del surco puede exacerbar la sensibilidad de la planta a la sequía. Sembrando en el fondo de los surcos y construyendo camellones centrales se puede mejorar la efficiencia en el uso del agua y aliviar el estrés si se dirige el agua hacia la planta y no al revés. Durante tres años se realizó un estudio de campo para comparar el rendimiento y distribución del tamaño de los tubérculos en pruebas donde se sembró papa (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’) en el surco y en el lomo del surco en suelo de textura gruesa, con buen drenaje y riego por aspersión. Se utilizó el diseño experimental de parcela dividida con la principal orientación de las hileras (N-S vs. E-O) y los métodos de siembra (lomo y surco) de las sub-parcelas combinado con dos profundidades en dos lugares cerca de North Dakota central. Con excepción del método de siembra y limitando las labores de cultivo de post-emergencia en los tratamientos en el surco, todas las labores culturales (fertilización, irrigación) fueron idénticas y correspondieron a las prácticas convencionales para siembra de papa en el lomo del surco. La orientación de las hileras no afectó el rendimiento ni la categoría de tamaño del tubérculo. El promedio de rendimiento de los tres años de papas sembradas en el fondo del surco fue del 24% de tubérculos más grandes (188 vs 151 g), 31% de menor rendimiento para tubérculos de <113 g (4.99 vs 7.21 Mg ha−1), 28% de menor rendimiento para tubérculos de 113 a 170 g (8.14 vs 11.3 Mg ha−1), 8% de mayor rendimiento para tubérculos de 170 a 283 g (18.0 vs 16.6 Mg ha−1), 103% de mayor rendimiento para tubérculos de 283 a 454 g (10.9 vs 5.36 Mg ha−1), 341% de mayor rendimiento para tubérculos >454 g (2.65 vs 0.60 Mg ha−1) y 10% de mayor rendimiento total (46.2 vs 41.9 Mg ha−1) en comparación con papa sembrada en el lomo del surco. No hubo diferencias en la gravedad específica del tubérculo. Las mediciones preliminares del agua del suelo indicaron un efecto del agua entre hileras al momento de la cosecha en comparación con la siembra en el lomo. El método de siembra en el surco puede ofrecer un significativo potencial para mejorar la sensibilidad de la papa a la sequía.

Dakota Crisp: A New High-Yielding, Cold-Chipping Potato Cultivar with Tablestock Potential

Abstract‘Dakota Crisp’ (ND2470-27) is a medium-maturing potato cultivar with uniform tubers and high yield potential. It resulted from the cross of ‘Yankee Chipper’ x ‘Norchip’. Vines are vigorous and medium-sized. Tubers are smooth, round to slightly oblong in shape, with light eggshell-colored skin and white flesh. Dakota Crisp is suitable for the cold chip processing and fresh tablestock market, both directly from the field and following storage at 7.2 C. Yield potential under both non-irrigated and irrigated conditions in North Dakota is high, with total yield, U.S. No. 1 yield, and percent U.S. No. 1 tubers of Dakota Crisp superior to those of ‘Dakota Pearl’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘NorValley’, all commercially acceptable chip cultivars. Tuber size is slightly larger for Dakota Crisp than for Dakota Pearl. North Central Regional Potato Variety Trials and Snack Food Association/U.S. Potato Board Trials indicate Dakota Crisp has wide adaptability. Dakota Crisp sizes quickly, is moderately resistant to blackspot bruise, and has medium dormancy. In disease evaluations, it demonstrates susceptibility to late blight, common scab, pink rot, Pythium leak and Verticillium wilt. The specific gravity averages 1.0852 across irrigated and non-irrigated sites in North Dakota and Minnesota, similar to Dakota Pearl, Norchip and NorValley. Sensory evaluation scores for baked, boiled and microwaved Dakota Crisp potatoes are similar to those for Dakota Pearl, Atlantic, Norchip and NorValley. Potato flakes made from Dakota Crisp, reconstituted as mashed, also score similarly to these chipping standards by sensory panelists. Dakota Crisp was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on March 26, 2005.Resumen‘Dakota Crisp’ (ND2470-27) es un cultivar de papa de maduración mediana con tubérculos uniformes y alto potencial de rendimiento. Resultó del cruzamiento de ‘Yankee Chipper’ x ‘Norchip’. Las plantas son vigorosas y de tamano mediano. Los tubérculos son lisos, redondos a ligeramente oblongos con la piel de color cáscara de huevo y pulpa blanca. Dakota Crisp es aparente para procesamiento de hojuelas de almacenamiento frío y para consumo fresco, tanto directamente del campo como después de almacenaje a 7.2 C. En North Dakota el potencial de rendimiento de Dakota Crisp bajo condiciones tanto de riego como no, es alto con un total de rendimiento U.S. No 1 y el porcentaje de tubérculos U.S. No 1 es superior a los de ‘Dakota Pearl’, ‘Atlantic’ y ‘NorValley’, todos ellos cultivares para hojuelas comercial-mente aceptables. El tamaño de los tubérculos es ligeramente mayor que los de Dakota Pearl. Las pruebas de la North Central Regional Potato Variety y de la Snack Food Association/U.S. Potato Boards indican que Dakota Crisp tiene amplia adaptabilidad. Dakota Crisp es moderadamente resistente a la mancha negra por abolladura y tiene un periodo mediano de latencia. En la evaluación de enfermedades muestra susceptibilidad a tizón tardío, sarna común, pudrición rosada, goteo por Pythium y marchitez por Verticillium. La gravedad espeeífica es de un promedio 1.0852 en lugares con y sin irrigación en North Dakota y Minnesota y es similar a Dakota Pearl, Norchip y NorValley. En las evaluaciones sensoriales para papa horneada, hervida y al microondas, Dakota Chip es similar a Dakota Pearl, Atlantic, Norchip y NorValley. Las hojuelas hechas de Dakota Crisp, reconstituidas como puré también tienen similar valor a los estándares de hojuelas por los panelistas sensoriales. Dakota Crisp fue liberada por la Estación Experimental Agrícola de North Dakota el 26 de Marzo del 2005.

Cold Climate Winegrape Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfur in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States

Elemental sulfur is commonly applied for powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) protection on winegrape (Vitis sp.). The product may be used in a diversified, integrated diseasemanagement system to help prevent fungicide resistance to products with other modes of action. Additionally, sulfur may be used as a control option in organic systems. Applications of sulfur have been known to cause phytotoxic injury to susceptible winegrape cultivars, particularly those stemming from fox grape (Vitis labrusca) parentage. To improve recommendations to producers in the northern Great Plains region of the United States, a comparison of injury incidence and severity, as well as effects on yield characteristics was undertaken for 13 regional cultivars exposed to three sulfur rates (0, 2.4, and 4.8 lb/ acre a.i.) at a North Dakota State University Research Station near Absaraka, ND. Overall, four cultivars (Bluebell, Baltica, Sabrevois, and King of the North) of the 13 cultivars tested showed phytotoxic symptoms. Injury severity and incidence of these cultivars differed between years and across rates. ‘Bluebell’ showed consistent and severe sulfur injury symptoms. Injury to the other three susceptible cultivars tended to vary by the given environment, with King of the North generally showing the lowest injury response. Injury symptoms were not found to be associated with the overall yield or cluster weight. Results suggest that alternative spray programs that exclude sulfur-based fungicides should be recommended for ‘Bluebell’, ‘Baltica’, ‘Sabrevois’, and ‘King of the North’, whereas sulfur-based fungicides may be applied to ‘Alpenglow’, ‘ES 12-6-18’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Frontenac Gris’, ‘La Crescent’, ‘Marquette’, ‘Somerset Seedless’, ‘St. Croix’, and ‘Valiant’. Observations on fruit ripening in 2014 suggest that future research is needed to determine if a reduction of fruit quality may occur in some seasons with repeated sulfur applications or with successive annual sulfur applications for susceptible cultivars if used in an organic production system.

Cold Hardiness and the Effects of a Low-input Regime on 15 Tall, Warm-season, Native and Ornamental Grasses in the Upper Midwestern United States

Fifteen tall, warm-season, native and ornamental grasses were subjected to a 3-year, low-input, and cold hardiness trial conducted from 2010 to 2013 in zone 4a at Fargo and Mandan, ND. Grasses tested were big bluestem [species (Andropogon gerardii)], ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem (A. gerardii), silver banner grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ·giganteus), hardy pampas grass, (Saccharum ravennae), and the following maidengrass (Miscanthus sinensis) cultivars: Silver Feather, Narrow Leaf, Blondo, Autumn Light, Condensatus, Grosse Fontaine, Morning Light, Gracillimus, Strictus, and Zebrinus. In addition to survival, the grasses were also rated for spring vigor and fall quality (0– 10 scale for both evaluations), fall leaf length, and fall flower height. The grasses received no management during the trial other than irrigation during the first season and weed control. The grasses were exposed to subsurface soil temperatures (at 6-inch depth) that reached as low asL8.6 C at the Fargo location andL6 C at the Mandan location. The study revealed that all big bluestem (species), ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem, and silver banner grass survived at both locations; silver banner grass scored the highest spring vigor ratings; silver banner grass and ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem scored the highest fall quality ratings; silver banner grass produced the longest fall leaf length; and ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem, big bluestem (species), and silver banner grass produced the tallest fall flowers.

Potato Production near Glyphosate-resistant Crops — Injury Potential

The herbicide glyphosate is used in many countries because of low cost and effective weed control, but low levels of glyphosate on potato can reduce yield, marketability, and seed quality. Glyphosate is a phloem-mobile herbicide that can translocate to tubers, causing malformations that reduce the quality of current-season production. Potato plants are most susceptible to glyphosate at the hooking or tuber initiation stage. Tubers exposed at these stages often will become malformed and yield loss can occur. Seed pro‐ duction can be affected because glyphosate degradation is slow and it translocates to tu‐ bers. Seed potato exposed to glyphosate can store glyphosate residues until they are planted the next season. Tubers planted with glyphosate residues will have an erratic and slow emergence pattern, bending and twisting of leaves, multiple shoots from eyes, “can‐ delabra” or “cauliflower” formation of shoots, or completely inhibited shoot growth, de‐ pending on the rate and cultivar. Glyphosate-affected seed tubers produce less tuber set and tubers with reduced weight. Tubers suspected to have glyphosate injury should be tested at a reputable laboratory to confirm glyphosate residues are present. Good man‐ agement practices can help prevent potato from being exposed to glyphosate.

Dakota jewel : An attractive, new, bright red-skinned, fresh market potato cultivar with improved storage characteristics

Abstract‘Dakota Jewel’ is a medium- to late-maturing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar; however, tuber maturity is early. Tubers are smooth, round to oblong in shape, with bright red skin and white flesh. Dakota Jewel is suitable for the fresh tablestock market, both directly from the field and following storage. Yield potential is medium, with total yield, U.S. No. 1s and percentage U.S. No. 1s of Dakota Jewel equal to those of Red Norland; size distribution is similar. Dakota Jewel sizes early, retains its color in storage, and has strong dormancy. It is susceptible to hollow heart. A mean specific gravity of 1.077 across non-irrigated and irrigated sites in North Dakota is much higher than Red Norland and Red Pontiac, standard red tablestock cultivars. Sensory evaluation scores of baked, boiled, and microwaved tubers are similar to Red Norland and Red Pontiac. Dakota Jewel was released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station on 26 March 2004.ResumenDakota Jewel es un cultivar de papa (Solanum tuberosum) de madurez foliar intermedia a tardía; sin embargo, de tuberización temprana. Los tubérculos son lisos, de forma redonda a oblonga, con piel de color rojo brillante y pulpa blanca. Esta papa es apropiada para comercializarla tanto para su consumo en fresco directamente del campo, como después de almacenada. El potencial de rendimiento es mediano, con un rendimiento total de U.S. No.1 y porcentaje de U.S. No.1 igual al de Red Norland; la distribución del tamaño también es similar. El tubérculo de Dakota Jewel alcanza su tamaño comercial tempranamente, retiene su color en almacenaje y tiene latencia larga. Es susceptible a corazón vacío. La gravedad especifica promedio de 1.077, en lugares irrigados y no irrigados de North Dakota es mucho más alta que la de Red Norland y Red Pontiac, cultivares rojos estándar de consumo fresco. La evaluación sensorial para tubérculos horneados, hervidos y al microondas tiene puntajes similares a los de Red Norland y Red Pontiac. Dakota Jewel ha sido liberado por la Estación Experimental Agrícola de North Dakota, el 26 de Marzo del 2004.