Heloisa Thomaz Rabelo

Fat-Free Mass, Strength, and Sarcopenia are Related to Bone Mineral Density in Older Women

This study examined the association between fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle strength with bone mineral density (BMD), and compared the BMD values between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older women. After the exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 246 volunteers (age: 66.51+/-6.37 yr) participated in the analysis. Subjects underwent FFM and BMD evaluation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quadriceps strength by an isokinetic dynamometer. To address the potential for confounding by height, FFM values were considered relative to body height squared. For fat mass correction, fat-adjusted FFM was calculated. Individuals were classified as sarcopenic if their appendicular FFM was less than 5.45 kg/m2. All the evaluated FFM indexes were significantly correlated with the measured BMD sites. Sarcopenic individuals presented significantly lower whole body and trochanter BMD, and were significantly more prone to have low BMD. Muscle strength was also correlated with BMD sites; however, when it was expressed relative to body weight, the significance disappeared. Nevertheless, volunteers with low relative strength had higher risk of having low trochanter BMD. It can be concluded, in older women, that FFM is significantly correlated with BMD independently of height and fat mass. Muscle strength was also correlated with BMD, although the correlation was weaker when corrected for body weight. Finally, sarcopenic elderly women were more likely to have low BMD and muscle strength.

Redução da pressão arterial e do duplo produto de repouso após treinamento resistido em idosas hipertensas

BACKGROUND: Due to the existing controversies in literature about the potential benefits of resistance exercise training (RT) on arterial blood pressure (BP) at rest, and the lack of studies conducted with elderly hypertensive individuals, RT is seldom recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of progressive RT on BP, HR, and RPP in elderly women with controlled hypertension. METHODS: 20 elderly women (66.8 ± 5.6 years of age), with a sedentary lifestyle, monitored with anti-hypertensive medication, participated in a 12-week RT program (resistance training group - RTG). Twenty-six elderly women (65.3 ± 3.4 years of age) with controlled hypertension did not engage in physical exercise during the study period, and composed the control group. RESULTS: After RT, there was a significant reduction in SBP, MBP, and DP values at rest. No significant drops in DBP and HR values at rest were observed after RT in both groups. The reduction in the RTG was 10.5 mmHg, 6.2 mmHg, and 2218.6 mmHg x bpm for SBP, MBP, and RPP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Progressive RT reduced SBP, MBP, and RPP values at rest of hypertensive elderly women who were on anti-hypertensive treatment.

EFFECTS OF 24 WEEKS OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING ON KNEE EXTENSORS PEAK TORQUE AND FAT-FREE MASS IN OLDER WOMEN

Rabelo, HT, Bezerra, LA, Terra, DF, Lima, RM, Silva, MAF, Leite, TK, and de Oliveira, RJ. Effects of 24 weeks of progressive resistance training on knee extensors peak torque and fat-free mass in older women. J Strength Cond Res 25(8): 2298-2303, 2011—This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) on knee extensor peak torque (KEPT) and fat-free mass (FFM) in older women. Seventy-eight volunteers (67.1 ± 5.9 years old) underwent 24 weeks of progressive RT (RTG) while 76 (67.4 ± 5.9 years old) were studied as controls (CG). Dominant knee extension peak torque was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3) and FFM measurements were performed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength and FFM were evaluated before and after the intervention in all volunteers. Participants in the RTG trained major muscle groups 3 times per week during 24 weeks. Training load was kept at 60% of 1 repetition maximum in the first 4 weeks, 70% in the following 4 weeks, and 80% in the remaining 16 weeks, with repetitions, respectively, decreasing from 12, 10, and 8. A Split-plot analysis of variance was performed to examine between- and within-group differences, and the level of significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. It was observed that the RTG showed significant increases in KEPT (from 89.9 ± 21.8 to 102.8 ± 22.6 N·m; p < 0.05) and FFM (from 36.4 ± 4.0 to 37.1 ± 4.2 kg, p < 0.05). Appendicular FFM was also significantly increased after the intervention period in the RTG (13.9 ± 1.8 to 14.2 ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05). None of these changes were observed for the CG. Consistent with the literature, it is concluded that a progressive RT program promotes not only increases in muscle strength, as evaluated by an isokinetic dynamometer, but also in FFM as evaluated by the DXA, in elderly women.

Estudo de associação entre força muscular e massa magra em mulheres idosas

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a associacao entre a forca muscular isocinetica da musculatura extensora do joelho do membro dominante com a MM de diferentes segmentos corporais, em mulheres idosas. Um total de 258 idosas (66,58±5,6anos; 65,6±11,7kg; 1,53±0,07m) foram submetidas a avaliacao isocinetica do pico de torque (PT) e da MM (DXA). Correlacoes de Pearson foram examinadas entre os indices de MM dos bracos, das pernas, do tronco, do corpo inteiro, da perna dominante (MMB, MMP, MMT, MMI, MMPD, respectivamente) com o PT. O nivel de significância foi de <0,05. Apos analise dos dados, foi observado que a MM apresentou correlacao positiva e significante com o PT. A correla- cao foi mais consistente a medida que a MM avaliada era mais proxima a musculatura da avaliacao (MMPD), (MMT= 0,31, MMB= 0,39, MMI= 0,52, MMP= 0,55, MMPD= 0,60). Com base nos resultados observados, concluimos que a MM e um dos importantes determinantes do PT em idosas.

Estudio de la asociación entre fuerza muscular y masa magra en mujeres mayores

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a associacao entre a forca muscular isocinetica da musculatura extensora do joelho do membro dominante com a MM de diferentes segmentos corporais, em mulheres idosas. Um total de 258 idosas (66,58±5,6anos; 65,6±11,7kg; 1,53±0,07m) foram submetidas a avaliacao isocinetica do pico de torque (PT) e da MM (DXA). Correlacoes de Pearson foram examinadas entre os indices de MM dos bracos, das pernas, do tronco, do corpo inteiro, da perna dominante (MMB, MMP, MMT, MMI, MMPD, respectivamente) com o PT. O nivel de significância foi de <0,05. Apos analise dos dados, foi observado que a MM apresentou correlacao positiva e significante com o PT. A correla- cao foi mais consistente a medida que a MM avaliada era mais proxima a musculatura da avaliacao (MMPD), (MMT= 0,31, MMB= 0,39, MMI= 0,52, MMP= 0,55, MMPD= 0,60). Com base nos resultados observados, concluimos que a MM e um dos importantes determinantes do PT em idosas.

Association between muscle strength and fat-free mass in older women

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a associacao entre a forca muscular isocinetica da musculatura extensora do joelho do membro dominante com a MM de diferentes segmentos corporais, em mulheres idosas. Um total de 258 idosas (66,58±5,6anos; 65,6±11,7kg; 1,53±0,07m) foram submetidas a avaliacao isocinetica do pico de torque (PT) e da MM (DXA). Correlacoes de Pearson foram examinadas entre os indices de MM dos bracos, das pernas, do tronco, do corpo inteiro, da perna dominante (MMB, MMP, MMT, MMI, MMPD, respectivamente) com o PT. O nivel de significância foi de <0,05. Apos analise dos dados, foi observado que a MM apresentou correlacao positiva e significante com o PT. A correla- cao foi mais consistente a medida que a MM avaliada era mais proxima a musculatura da avaliacao (MMPD), (MMT= 0,31, MMB= 0,39, MMI= 0,52, MMP= 0,55, MMPD= 0,60). Com base nos resultados observados, concluimos que a MM e um dos importantes determinantes do PT em idosas.