Helton Aparecido Rosa

Fuel specific consumption and emission analysis in a cycle diesel motor generator using diesel and biodiesel from waste frying oil blends

One of the main fuels that can be helpful in emissions reduction when compared with diesel oil is the biodiesel. Moreover, it is a renewable fuel and may be obtained from different animal fat and vegetable oil. The purpose of this work was to evaluate fuel specific consumption and emission of exhaustion gases using the biodiesel produced from waste frying oil in a cycle diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) to produce electrical energy. The used motor generator has a power of 7.36 kW (10 HP) and 5.5 kVA /5.0 kW of nominal power. The used fuel was composed of a biodiesel and diesel oil blend and the following proportion in biodiesel composition was used: 0% (B0), 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 50% (B50) and 100% biodiesel (B100). The nominal load applied varied between 0.5 and 5.0 kW. The analysis test was just performed with (B0) and (B100) blends. To quantify the gases emission, combustion and emission analyzer were used. The quantified gases were: CO, NO, NOx and SO 2 . Generally, the utilization of biodiesel from waste frying oil showed fuel specific consumption statistically similar to that of the diesel oil. It was observed that the biodiesel from waste frying oil provided an emission reduction of combustion gases. Key words: Combustion, energy production, biofuel.

Nitrogen and sulfur applied to the coverage of a canola crop in no-tillage system

Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) is an oilseed that belongs to the Brassicaceae family and has in its grains a content of 38% oil and 27% protein. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interference of different quantities of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the coverage of the Canola crop on direct and indirect components of the production of grains and oil. In that sense, an experiment with the Canola culture was implemented, in succession to the culture of soybean, with hybrid Hyola 61, under no-tillage system, in a soil classified as Eutrophic Red Latosol, located at 24°49’06” S and 53°16’44” W, in the experimental area of Andreis Agricultural Farm, in the municipality of Corbélia, Paraná State – Brazil. The experimental design used consisted of random blocks with 4 replications and 7 treatments, summing up to 28 plots, in an area of 882 m2. For base fertilization, 28 kg ha -1 of N, 50 kg ha -1 of P2O5, and 50 kg ha -1 of K2O were applied. Treatments consisted of control, 25 kg ha -1 of N, 50 kg ha -1 of N, 75 kg ha -1 of N, 25 kg ha -1 of N + 27 kg ha -1 of S, 50 kg ha -1 of N2 + 54 kg ha -1 of S and 0.45 L ha -1 of N + 0.1 L ha -1 of S (foliar fertilizer Micro Xisto HF), applied to the coverage 42 days after the emergence of Canola seedlings. No significant statistical differences were observed among treatments on production components, except for oil content.

Implications of plant cover in the structure of a clayey oxisol under no-tillage

Knowledge of indicators of soil physical quality is of paramount importance for better understanding of soil-plant relationships. These indicators include the bulk density and soil resistance to penetration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of four cover crop species in the process of reducing the soil density and its resistance to penetration in areas managed under no-tillage system. The species denominated “revitalizers” of the soil structure were considered as treatments: Dolichos lab lab , Mucuna aterrimum, Sorghum bicolor and Mucuna aterrima , in addition to the witness (without cultivation). Soil samples were taken from the bulk density 0.0 to 0.1, 0.1 to 0.2, and of 0.2 to 0.3 m depth under two collection conditions, row and inter-row. Soil resistance to penetration was determined by penetrometer, with electronic data storage. We considered two experimental designs 5 × 3 × 2 and 5 × 4 × 2 factorial with five treatments (four species of area coverage and fallow); three depths of soil bulk density and four depths for penetration resistance, two conditions of collection. The statistical data provided was based on the analysis of variance and the treatment means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The evaluated species, specially the S. bicolor, the D. lab lab and the M. aterrima , presented a promissory effect for the improvement of the structural state of the soil in comparison to the area without cultivation. Keywords : Compaction, soil resistance, bulk density African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(24), pp. 3807-3810