Heru Suryanto

Morphology, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Natural Cellulose Fiber from Mendong Grass (Fimbristylis globulosa)

This study was to investigate the morphology, structure, and chemical properties of the Mendong fibers extracted from Mendong grass (Fimbristylis globulosa) in the form of raw and treated fiber by alkali-included chemical content and functional group and to evaluate the strength and properties of Mendong fibers compared with other natural fibers. These studies explore the chemical properties of the fiber including fiber composition and functional group by FTIR, mechanical properties of fiber, and the structural and morphological analysis of the fiber using SEM and XRD. The results showed that the chemical contents of Mendong fibers were 72.14% cellulose, 20.2% hemicellulose, 3.44% lignin, 4.2% extractive, and moisture of 4.2%–5.2%. Mechanical properties of the fiber were a strong character with tensile strength of 452 MPa, and modulus of 17 GPa. The structural properties of Mendong fiber such as crystallinity, crystalline index, microfibril angle, and crystalline size were 70.17% and 58.6%, 22.9°, and 14.3 nm, respectively. This fiber has competitive advantages compared with other natural fibers and can be developed further as a potential reinforcement of polymer matrix composites.

Improvement of Interfacial Shear Strength of Mendong Fiber (Fimbristylis globulosa) Reinforced Epoxy Composite Using the AC Electric Fields

The effects of the AC electric field treatment on the interfacial shear strength of mendong fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. For this purpose, the epoxy (DGEBA) with a cycloaliphatic amine curing agent was treated by the AC electric field during the curing process. The heat generated during the epoxy polymerization process was monitored. Structure of the epoxy was studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope, respectively. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was also measured using a single fiber pull-out test. XRD analyzes indicated that the treatment of AC electric fields was able to form a crystalline phase of epoxy. IFSS of the mendong fiber-reinforced epoxy composites was optimum increased by 38% in the AC electric fields treatment of 750 V/cm.

Pulsed Electric Field Assisted Extraction of Cellulose From Mendong Fiber (Fimbristylis globulosa) and its Characterization

ABSTRACT In the present work, the properties of cellulose extracted from mendong fiber have been investigated. The experiments were conducted by two different methods to extract the cellulose from mendong fiber, which is extracted by alkali and alkali assisted by PEF. The cellulose was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infra Red, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and compared with cellulose of commercial product. The morphology of cellulose after extraction was observed using both optical and Scanning Electron Microscope. The crystalline structure properties of cellulose extracted from mendong fiber assisted by pulsed electric field (PEF) were similar to the commercial cellulose.

Analysis of Biodegradation of Bioplastics Made of Cassava Starch

Environmental pollution due to plastic waste taking too long to decompose has become a global problem. There have been numerous solutions proposed, one of which is the use of bioplastics. The use of cassava starch as the main ingredient in the manufacture of bioplastics shows great potential, since Indonesia has a diverse range of starch-producing plants. The aim of the present study is to analyse the effect of glycerol on microbial degradation. This experimental research investigated the use of cassava flour mixed with glycerol plasticizer at various concentrations (0, 2, 2.5, 3%) in the synthesis of bioplastics. The aspects studied were biodegradability, moisture absorption (using ASTM D570), shelf life, and morphological properties (using a camera equipped with a macro lens) and SEM. This study revealed that complete degradation could be achieved on the 9th day. The addition of a large concentration of glycerol would accelerate the microbial degradation process, increase moisture, and extend the shelf life of bioplastics in a dry place.

The stucture of bioplastic from cassava starch with nanoclay reinforcement

Biocomposite plastics are plasticts that will decompose in nature with the assistance of microorganism. Cassava starch as the main material of plastic has great potential in Indonesia because this plant there are different starch crops. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of nanoclay on the physical structure using XRD. The results showed that the concentration of cassava starch with the best physical and mechanical properties is 5,0% (b/v) and glycerol 1,5% (v/v). XRD analysis show that the structure of bioplastic with nanoclay reinforcement have peak in 2θ were about 16.8°, 19.8°. After bioplastic was reinforced by nanoclay, structure of bioplastic change with shitf of peak angle to about 2θ of 17.4° and 20.1°.

Improvement of Hardness and Biodegradability of Natural Based Bioplastic - Effect of Starch Addition during Synthesis

Biodegradable plastic are renewable packaging technology that are bio-based made of starch. The use of starch as a manufacture of bioplastic has great potential due to in Indonesia has various biodiversity of starch-producing plants. The objective of this research was to determine effect of cassava starch addition to hardness, density, moisture absorption, and biodegradability of bioplastic. The methods is a synthesis of bioplastic using a casting procedure ie mixing cassava starch at various concentrations 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (b/v) into the glycerol. This was demonstrated of bioplastic hardness and density of 31.56; 46.78; 52.34; 67.99 Shore A and 1.164; 1.178; 1.184; 1.191 g/cm3. Revealed that complete decomposition could be achieved on the 12, 13, 14, and 15 days. It shows that the cassava starch addition can improve hardness, density, moisture, and accelerate the decomposition process.

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Bioplastic from Cassava Starch with Nanoclay Reinforcement

The research is to investigate influence of sonication treatment on the morphologi and mechanical properties of bioplastic filler nanoclay with different nanoclay concentration. The bioplastic was prepared using blending method among bioplastic, glycerol, and nanoclay with assistance of sonication treatment of 30 mins. Structural characterization of bioplastic was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties using durumeter Shore A, tensile strength and the physical properties using density. SEM evidence on a bioplastic basis. Hardness of bioplastic with addition of nanoclay 5.0% (b/b) and sonication treatment produce bioplastic with maximum hardness properties increased to 76.24 Shore A, tensile strength of 13.5 and Young’s modulus of 47, as well as the added density of 1.238 g/cm3. Nanoclay 7.5% (b/b) upwards will experience decreased hardness and experience agglomerate and debonding.

Tensile strength differences and type of fracture in artificial aging process of duralium against cooling media variation

Duralium has mild character, high ductility, and resistance from corrosion. Doing heat treatment against this alloy by cooling variation can increase strength and ductility of this alloy. Cooling media variations which is used for this research are 10% dromus oil + water, 20% dromus oil + water, and 30% dromus oil + water. The purpose of this research is knowing the tensile strength of duralium in artificial aging process against cooling media variation 10% dromus oil + water, 20% dromus oil + water, and 30% dromus oil + water, type of fracture, and phase changing of duralium. This research include in experimental research category which uses the one-shot case study research model. Tensile testing uses Hung Ta Instrument machine and type of fracture is observed from micro and macro photo of duralium. The aging result shows that tensile strength of duralium increase from 8.3304 Kg/mm2 to 8.6229 Kg/mm2. This is due from aging result which is formed precipitates evenly due to the difference of cooling media ...

Natural Cellulose Fiber from Mendong Grass (Fimbristylis globulosa)

The global waste problems resulting from the use of synthetic fiber are becoming increasing environmental concerns. It would be better if the synthetic fibers give way to the natural fibers as renewable resources for environmental sustainability. New sources of natural fibers are being developed in recent years as natural fibers offer many advantages over synthetic fibers. Mendong grass is one of the natural sources of fiber. It is easy to grow and cultivate, and it offers several harvests from one plantation. The fiber has found many applications for small-scale industries and helps in economic welfare of small farmers. This chapter provides a general overview of mendong grass cultivation and obtaining fiber. The chemical, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties and prospective application of the mendong fiber are also presented.