Poppy Puspitasari

Physicochemical characteristics of various inorganic combustible solid waste (ICSW) mixed as sustainable solid fuel

The potential of inorganic combustible solid waste (ICSW) as sustainable solid fuel regarding its physical and chemical properties have investigated. The physical characterization was obtained by conducting the proximate test using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). This ICSW showed excellent physical properties, which its water, volatile, fixed carbon and ash content were 2.25, 65.45, 28.94 and 3.36 (wt%, air dry basis), respectively. The calorific value of 33.87 MJ/kg was found in the ICSW, which it to be comparable to the medium class of bituminous coal. The energy density of ICSW was 3612,8 MJ/m3. The ICSW chemical properties, which analyzed by using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, indicated that it has a high content of C (79,49 wt%) and relatively small content of incombustible ingredient.

The stucture of bioplastic from cassava starch with nanoclay reinforcement

Biocomposite plastics are plasticts that will decompose in nature with the assistance of microorganism. Cassava starch as the main material of plastic has great potential in Indonesia because this plant there are different starch crops. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of nanoclay on the physical structure using XRD. The results showed that the concentration of cassava starch with the best physical and mechanical properties is 5,0% (b/v) and glycerol 1,5% (v/v). XRD analysis show that the structure of bioplastic with nanoclay reinforcement have peak in 2θ were about 16.8°, 19.8°. After bioplastic was reinforced by nanoclay, structure of bioplastic change with shitf of peak angle to about 2θ of 17.4° and 20.1°.

Morphology of aluminium with nickeladdition on sand casting process

Purpose: his research aimed to examine the morphology, elemental changes, and phase in the aluminium cast alloys with variations in nickel addition of 1%, 2% and 3%. Design/methodology/approach: Aluminium 98% was melted in sand casting process. The sand casting process was operated at 7000C and atmospheric pressure. The addition of nickel contain of 92.19% of its element. Specimens consist of 4 pieces Al-Ni with the size of 1 x 1 x 0.5 cm for morphological testing, while for phase identification testing consist of 4 pieces Al-Ni with the size of 1 x 1 x 2 cm. The morphological testing was performed using FEI Inspect S50 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the phase characterisation was conducted using Nikon ME5 Optical Microscope. Findings: The results showed that the addition of 1% nickel in the aluminium cast product could affect the morphology in granular shape with as similar size, at 2% nickel addition also has granular shape, while at 3% of nickel addition, the morphology of Al-Ni was in elongated shape. Phase identification of Al-Ni cast alloy shows that there were Al matrix with nickel that spread in grain boundary of Al. By increasing the percentage of nickel, it shows that the nickel dominated the grain boundary of Al. These results shows that Al-Ni alloy can be produced at simple route on sand casting process. Research limitations/implications: Sand casting process with 80% silica sand, 10% bentonite, 5% water. Raw material of aluminium contains of 92-99% of purity. Nickel as addition element contain of 90-92% purity. Practical implications: The addition of nickel should be prepared wisely in term of the calculation of alloying treatment because it will effect the mechanical properties of Al alloy itself. This research can be improved by varying the temperature of casting process, variation of nickel percentage, and observation of mechanical properties of Al-Ni alloy. Originality/value: Simple route of making Al-Ni alloy using sand casting method in laboratory and also the observation of nickel addition in aluminium matrix as the result of casting product.

Optimization of multistage artificial agingparameters on Al-Cu alloy mechanicalproperties

Purpose: This research is aimed to describe heat treatment process by using multistage artificial aging for Al-Cu alloy with Taguchi method in Minitab 16 to optimize the heat treatment parameters. This research conducted due to the applied of aluminium alloy in automotive industrial and aircraft industrial that has good properties for fabrication. Design/methodology/approach: Methodology that use in this paper is experimental design with statistical approach. Three controllable parameters were selected, they were temperature aging, holding time of aging, and the number of stages. The hardness value and impact value after multistage artificial aging were chosen as quality characteristics. The experiment was performed using orthogonal arrays of L9 (33). Findings: The finding that resulted in this research are the most significant parameters that affected hardness and toughness value of Al-Cu alloy against multistage artificial aging. The optimal hardness and toughness for Al-Cu alloy were obtained with heat treatment at temperature 200oC, holding time for 6 hours, with two stages artificial aging. Research limitations/implications: The limitation that found in this research is even optimal level had been determined, it is unable to determine the true optimal value of each design parameters. Practical implications: This optimization process can be applied in manufacture process in industrial without spend expensive cost and time. Originality/value: According to research result, can be understood that by conducting these experiments, the impact value and the hardness value of Al-Cu alloy increase with multistage artificial aging treatment.

The analysis of strength and fracturemorphology of Al-Si compound made frommoulding sand formulation with bentonitebinding material and Portland cement

Purpose: This research aimed to analyse the casting result of Al-Si compound used formulation of moulding sand with bentonite binding material and Portland cement. Design/methodology/approach: Bentonite binding material’s type consisted of swelling (Na-bentonite) and non-swelling (Ca-bentonite). Optimum formulation of the moulding sand was 4% of swelling bentonite and 6% of Portland cement, 6% of non-swelling bentonite and 4% of Portland cement. The optimum formulation result of molding sand with bentonite binding material and Portland cement was used in Al-Si compound casting. The result of Al-Si compound casting strength was examined which in terms of its tensile strength, toughness, and hardness. Besides the three tests, the result was also supported by the fracture shape morphology of tensile test and impact toughness test result. Based on the Al-Si compound tensile test result, it was found that the best value was obtained when using 105.52 MPa of swelling bentonite. Findings: The impact toughness test result presented that the use of non-swelling bentonite produced better toughness value which was 0.00592 J/hour while the mickroVickers hardness test result showed that Al-Si compound result using non-swelling bentonite produced 111.04 HV hardness. Based on the fracture morphology test result using SEM of Al-Si compound casting result using swelling and non-swelling bentonite after being tested its tensile strength and impact toughness showed that the same fracture which was brittle fracture tended to appear. Research limitations/implications: In this casting process, combination which is being used is bentonite (swelling and non-swelling) and Portland cement as mould sand binding material. Practical implications: The combination can be used to find the bentonite type that can produce binding material formula with high binding level which can minimize defects on the resulted casting products. Originality/value: In this study swelling and non-swelling bentonite mixed with certain level of Portland cement combination are used.

The research-based learning development model as a foundation in generating research ideas

Research Based Learning is learning that requires students to have exploration skills related to their field. By doing so, students are encouraged to create skills in managing the higherorder of abstraction in order to resolve any problems encountered. The study was done to make the schemes and sequences of learning needed by the students in order to help them to explore first ideas for their upcoming thesis. The scheme development resulted in five stages consisting of 1) identifying research journals; 2) track the development of research topics; 3) reviewing research journals; 4) discussing the results of the reviews; and 5) formulating the research topic. Furthermore, the application of 5 the stage receives percentage agreement of students was 85.9%. Therefore, it can be noted that the application of the scheme is definitely a help for students to find research ideas.Research Based Learning is learning that requires students to have exploration skills related to their field. By doing so, students are encouraged to create skills in managing the higherorder of abstraction in order to resolve any problems encountered. The study was done to make the schemes and sequences of learning needed by the students in order to help them to explore first ideas for their upcoming thesis. The scheme development resulted in five stages consisting of 1) identifying research journals; 2) track the development of research topics; 3) reviewing research journals; 4) discussing the results of the reviews; and 5) formulating the research topic. Furthermore, the application of 5 the stage receives percentage agreement of students was 85.9%. Therefore, it can be noted that the application of the scheme is definitely a help for students to find research ideas.

Analysis of thickness and colour changes of medium carbon steel subjected to nickel electroplating

Electroplating is a process in which substances or metal ions precipitate on cathode through electrolysis. Metal plating itself has many purposes, such as corrosion resistance, shiny appearance, and aesthetic appeal. This study aimed at investigating the performance results of a series of simple electroplating processes using nickel as the coating material and medium carbon steel as the coated material. This paper is a report on the analysis results of several simple electroplating treatments using different temperatures of 45°C, 55°C, and 65°C, with a 5-minute immersion time and a voltage of 4 volts. The electroplating at 65°C resulted in the thickest deposit (8,6 μm), whereas the one at 45°C resulted in the thinnest deposit (5.6 μm). The higher the applied temperature, the higher the colour intensity of the result. The nickel electroplating with a temperature of 65°C produced the darkest deposit.

Effect Of Tune Up And Body Painting Motorcycle Training to Increase Trouble Solving Competency in Trenggalek

This research aims to perform the analysis: 1) percentage level of competence after training; 2) material that is considered difficult in training; and 3) factors causing the difficulty of increasing the competence of training tune ups and body painting motorcycles. This research uses qualitative method. The subject of research is the community of the workshop owner in the district of axis of the district of Trenggalek. Research subjects in the form of informants amounted to 20 people. This research shows: 1) percentage of competency level of engine system participants is 79,5%; electrical system of 80.3%; the chassis system of 80.9%; and body painting system 80.2%; 2) difficult materials include checking spark plugs, cleaning the carburetor, adjusting valves, checking electrical functions (buzzer, turn signal, headlight, material topic, checking steering wheel instability, and tightening bolts; 3) no training which is routinely related to the tune up and body painting of motorcycles facilities and infrastructure (tools) has not complied with standards and weak information related to the development of automotive technology. Keywords-automotive training, tune-up, body-painting

Influence of a Mixture of Biosolar and Pertamax on Diesel Engine Power and Fuel Consumption

The subject of fuel consumption and vehicle power is intrinsically interesting and worthy of study particularly in relation to the use of fuel mixtures. This study examined a mixture of 40 litres of Biosolar and 1 litre of Pertamax used to fuel a diesel engine. In this experimental study, the object being researched was an Isuzu Panther car with a 2230cc, four-cylinder indirect injection diesel engine. The engine rotation varied from 1400 rpm to 2900 rpm, with a margin of 300 rpm. The researchers used a dyno tester as a power metre and a measuring tube as a fuel consumption gauge. Data analysis was performed through paired samples t-tests with a significant level of 0.05; calculations were done with the aid of SPSS 22 for Windows. The research results indicated that there was a difference in power of the diesel engine using pure Biosolar; there was a difference in power of the diesel engine using a mixture of Biosolar and Pertamax; there was a difference in fuel consumption of using a mixture of Biosolar and Pertamax; there was a difference in engine power between the use of pure Biosolar and a mixture of Biosolar and Pertamax; there was a difference in fuel consumption between the use of pure Biosolar and a mixture of Biosolar and Pertamax.

Design of integrated wheel slip-skid factor and vehicle side slip angle using mamdani fuzzy control

Vehicle dynamics plant phenomena during acceleration, deceleration and curve turning in uncertainty ground road is very complexity and nonlinearity model. No integrated chassis control by various systems have been proposed to control vehicle behavior by distributing front-rear and left-right braking/ABS & driving/TCS forces, adjusting rear-wheel steering angle/4WS. ABS and TCS can reduce the slip and skid factor that improve the braking and driving performance but cannot eliminate the vehicle sideslip (VSS). In other side four wheel steering (4WS) have good performance in reducing of vehicle sideslip to improve maneuver ability but fail in decreasing of stopping distance (SD) and increasing driving performance (DP). In this research, to solve the previous problem, author purpose an integrated ABS-TCS-4WS control using mamdani-fuzzy logic. Input and output variable are described. Steering maneuver, slope of the road, vehicle mass (number of passenger) are the input variables, while error of wheel slip fact...