İbrahim Duran

Resonance Frequency Analysis of 208 Straumann Dental Implants During the Healing Period

The most important prerequisite for the success of an osseointegrated dental implant is achievement and maintenance of implant stability. The aim of the study was to measure the 208 Straumann dental implant stability quotient (ISQ) values during the osseointegration period and determine the factors that affect implant stability. A total of 164 of the implants inserted were standard surface, and 44 of them were SLActive surface. To determine implant stability as ISQ values, measurements were performed at the stage of implant placement and healing periods by the Osstell mentor. The ISQ value ranges showed a significant increase during the healing period. Except for the initial measurement, the posterior maxilla had the lowest ISQ values, and there was no significant difference among anterior mandible, posterior mandible, and anterior maxilla (P < .05). Implant length did not have a significant influence on ISQ value (P > .05). The second measurement was significantly higher in men compared with women (P < .05). The second measurement was significantly higher than the others at 4.8 mm, and for the final measurement, there were no significant differences between 4.8 and 4.1 mm, which were higher than 3.3 mm (P < .05). When comparing sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) and SLActive surface implants, there were no significant differences for insertion measurements, but for second measurements, SLActive was significantly higher (P = 0), and for the final measurement, there was no significant difference. It appears that repeated ISQ measurements of a specific implant have some diagnostic benefit, and the factors that affect implant stability during the healing period are presented.

Effects of air-polishing powders on color stability of composite resins

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different air-polishing powders on the color stability of different types of composite resin restorative materials. Material and methods Thirty cylindrical specimens (15×2 mm) were prepared for each of 7 composite resin restorative materials. All specimens were polished with a series of aluminum oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). The prepared specimens of each composite resin were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 specimens each, for control (Group-C) and two air-powder applications (Group-CP: Cavitron Prophy-Jet; Group-PS: Sirona ProSmile prophylaxis powder). A standard air-polishing unit (ProSmile Handly) was used. All specimens were air-powdered for 10 s at 4-bar pressure. The distance of the spray nosel from the specimens was approximately 10 mm and angulation of the nosel was 90º. Specimens were stored in 100 mL of coffee (Nescafe Classic) for 24 h at 37ºC. Color measurement of all specimens was recorded before and after exposure to staining agent with a colorimeter (Minolta CR-300). Color differences (∆E*) between the 2 color measurements (baseline and after 24 h storage) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA test, and mean values were compared by the Tukey HSD test (p≤0.05). Results According to the 2-way ANOVA results, composite resin restorative materials, air-polishing powders, and their interaction were statistically significant (p<0.05) For Aelite Aesthetic Enemal, Filtek Z250, Grandio, CeramX Mono, and Quixfil composite resin restorative materials, no significant difference was observed between Group-PS and Group-CP (p>.05) and these groups demonstrated the highest ∆E* values. For Filtek Silorane and IntenS, the highest ∆E* values were observed in Group-PS. The lowest ∆E* values for all composite resin groups were observed in Group-C. When comparing the 7 composite resin restorative materials, Aelite Aesthetic Enemal demonstrated significantly less ∆E* values than the other composite resins tested. The highest ∆E* values were observed in Quixfil. Conclusion Except for Quixfil, all control groups of composite resins that were polished Sof-Lex exhibited clinically acceptable ∆E values (<3.7). Air-polishing applications increased the color change for all composite resin restorative materials tested. Composite restorations may require re-polishing after air-polishing.

A Technique for Removal of a Fractured Implant Abutment Screw

The aim of this technique report was to present a procedure for removal of a fractured implant abutment screw. Whatever the cause, when an abutment fracture has occurred, the fractured screw segment inside the implant must be removed. The methods used by the clinicians may include the use of an endo-explorer self-made screwdriver and the use of implant repair kit available for some implant systems. The advantage of the presented method is that it may be extended to other implant systems that do not have a special repair kit and also that the technique is simple and does not require special equipment.

Effects of air polishing powders on the surface roughness of composite resins

Background/purpose Although new composites are being introduced into clinical practice to achieve better polishability and wear resistance, their properties and the surface changes that occur after air polishing are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different air polishing powders on the surface roughness of different types of composite resin restorative materials. Materials and methods Thirty cylindrical specimens (15 ± 2 mm) were prepared for each of seven composite resin restorative materials. All specimens were polished with a series of aluminum oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). Prepared specimens of each composite resin were randomly divided into three groups of 10 specimens each, including a control (Group C) and two different air-powder applications (Group CP, Cavitron Prophy-Jet; and Group PS, Sirona ProSmile prophylaxis powder). A standard air polishing unit (ProSmileHandly) was used. All specimens were air-polished for 10 seconds at a pressure of 4 bar. The distance of the spray nozzle from the specimens was approximately 10 mm, and the angle of the nozzle was 90±. Surface roughness measurements (Ra, ±m) were performed using a profilometer (Perthometer M2). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and mean values were compared by Tukeys honestly significant difference test (a = 0.05). Results According to the two-way ANOVA, composite resins, air polishing powders, and their interactions were statistically significant (P 0.05), and these groups demonstrated the highest Ra values for the Aelite Aesthetic Enamel, FiltekZ250, and IntenS composite resin restorative materials. The lowest Ra values for the composite resin groups were observed in Group C (P Conclusion Air polishing applications increased the surface roughness of all composite resin restorative materials tested. Composite restorations may require re-polishing after air polishing.

The effect of amine-free initiator system and the polymerization type on color stability of resin cements

We investigated the short-term (4 weeks) color stability of light-cure and dual-cure resin cements. Sixty disk-shaped test specimens of adhesive resin cement (10 × 1 mm) were prepared. One feldspathic porcelain test specimen (12 × 14 × 0.8 mm) was prepared from a prefabricated ceramic block. The feldspathic sample was placed on the resin cement disk and all the measurements were performed without cementation. Specific color coordinate differences (ΔL, Δa, and Δb), and the total color differences (ΔE) were calculated after immersion in distilled water for different periods. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). The test results revealed that different chemical structures and curing modes affected the ΔE values (P < 0.05). The highest ΔE values were obtained for RelyX Unicem dual-cure cement (2.14 ± 0.40), and the lowest for NX3 light-cure cement (0.78 ± 0.34). Third generation adhesive resin cement free of tertiary amines and benzoyl peroxide showed relatively slight color change in both test groups (light-cure and dual-cure resin cement). (J Oral Sci 58, 157-161, 2016).

Color match of a feldspathic ceramic CAD-CAM material for ultrathin laminate veneers as a function of substrate shade, restoration color, and thickness

Statement of problem. The final color of a ceramic restoration, especially an ultrathin veneer, is important, but selecting the correct shade is difficult because the substrate can affect the final color of the restoration. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of substrate shade and thickness on the final color of ultrathin laminate veneers milled from feldspathic ceramic and to present a straightforward methodology with which a clinician can visualize the effects of substrate color, ceramic thickness, and prefabricated computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) block color on the final color of the restoration. Material and methods. All specimens were fabricated by slicing CAD‐CAM feldspathic ceramic material with a precision cutter into 12×10‐mm slices of approximately 0.35, 0.55, 0.75, and 1.55 mm in thickness with 10 different colors (0M1‐1M1‐1M2‐2M1‐2M2‐2M3‐3M1‐3M2‐3M3‐4M1). As a background substrate, composite resin disks (12×10×2 mm) were fabricated with different shades (0M1 S, 1M1 S, 2M3 S, 3M2 S, 4M3 S, 5M3 S). The CIELab values of the polished surfaces of each specimen were measured on a background (white or simulated foundation) with a spectrophotometer by a single experienced operator, and color differences (&Dgr;E) were calculated. Mean ±SD values were calculated and subjected to ANOVA with 2 variables (substrate and ceramic color) (&agr;=.05). Results. Combinations of a lighter substrate shade and a lighter value ceramic restoration and of a darker substrate shade and darker value ceramic restoration only changed the final color of the restoration minimally. Conclusions. The final color of a dental restoration is affected by the thickness of the restoration, the substrate color, and the ceramic color. Lighter and darker substrate colors show more color changes, and thin veneers cannot mask the substrate color.

Determining the localization of premolar zenith positions according to the gingival line

BACKGROUND The gingival zenith (GZ) positions according to a reference line in the premolar (PM) area remain concern, especially for the clinicians in placing the gingival contours during surgery. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to determine the maxillary PM GZ positions according to GZ line (GZL). MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample population of 63 patients with healthy gingival tissue was studied. The GZ was determined at the most apical point of the gingival marginal scallop. A horizontal-zenith line (ZL) was drawn connecting the GZ from the ipsilateral canine (C) and central incisor teeth. Reference lines were drawn, and bilateral measurements were taken in the respective stone casts in the PM area. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between bilateral first premolars (FPM) and second premolars (SPM). When considering ipsilateral FPM and SPM, statistically significant differences were found between them. For all PM teeth, the mean distance value of GZ to GZL was approximately 1.32 mm. CONCLUSIONS The present study results showed that GZs of FPM and SPM teeth for both left and right sight was coronally located according to ZL.

A Technique for Removing Implant-Retained Denture: Direct Relining Complication

The aim of this case report is to present a technique for removing the denture which locked to ball-attachment because of excessive hard relining resin material flows around the ball-attachment. An alternative method was used in the present case. A cylindrical resin was removed with a diamond bur at the level of matrix and by this way the matrix was removed safely. The advantage of the presented method is that it may be extended to other clinical situations when facing a similar complication for implant supported dentures and also that the technique is simple and does not require special equipment.

Effects of air polishing on surface roughness of dental porcelains

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different air polishing powders on the surface roughness of different types of porcelain materials. Thirty specimens were prepared for each of four porcelain materials. All specimens were polished with a series of aluminium oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). Specimens of each of the porcelains were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): Group-C for control, and two groups with different air-powder applications (Group-CP, Cavitron Prophy-Jet and Group-PS, Sirona ProSmile prophylaxis powder). A standard air polishing unit (ProSmileHandly) was used. Surface roughness measurements (Ra) were performed using a profilometer. The data were analysed with a two-way ANOVA, and mean values were compared by the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=0·05). For all porcelain material groups, no significant difference was observed among Group-PS, Group-CP and Group C (p<0·05). Vita MarkII demonstrated statistically significantly less Ra values than the other porcelains tested. The highest Ra value was observed in Vita VMK95. Air polishing applications were not increased the surface roughness for porcelain materials tested.