Ivone Yurika Mizubuti

Fatty acid profile, and chemical composition of Longissimus muscle of bovine steers and bulls finished in pasture system

The objective of this work was to evaluate the conjugated linoleic acid content (CLA), the fatty acid profile, and the chemical composition of the Longissimus muscle (LM) of steers and bulls finished in pasture systems. Fourteen 1/2 Nelore×1/2 Aberdeen Angus cattle were studied. The animals were slaughtered at approximately 20 months of age, with an approximate final liveweight of 480kg. Moisture, ash, fat, crude protein, cholesterol, and fatty acid contents of Longissimus muscle were determined. Steer muscle had a higher lipid content (3.38%) than that of bulls (1.71%). Total n-3 fatty acids were higher in bulls. The amounts of CLA in steer and bull fat were similar, but the CLA content in steer muscle was higher (47.99mg100g(-1) in LM) than that in bull muscle (23.24mg100g(-1) in LM).

Response surface methodology for extraction optimization of pigeon pea protein.

Abstract Optimisation for pigeon pea protein extraction (Y) (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp from the new IAPAR 43-Arata variety) was investigated using response surface methodology. A compound central design was used with variables (X1) NaCl concentration (0.000; 0.025; 0.050; 0.075 and 0.100M); (X2) pH (2.5; 4.0; 5.5; 7.0 and 8.5) and (X3) liquid:solid ratio (5:1; 10:1; 15:1; 20:1; and 25:1, v/w). A model of the second degree equation was used to create the surface responses and confirmative studies were carried out. The following equation: Y =−19.3733+8.6004x2−0.508526x22 shows optimum conditions for protein extraction of about 75% yield, at pH 8.5 without NaCl regardless of the liquid:solid ratio (v/w) under the experimental conditions studied.

Prediction of chicken quality attributes by near infrared spectroscopy

In the present study, near-infrared (NIR) reflectance was tested as a potential technique to predict quality attributes of chicken breast (Pectoralis major). Spectra in the wavelengths between 400 and 2500nm were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and quality attributes were predicted using partial least-squares regression (PLSR). PCA performed on NIR dataset revealed the influence of muscle reflectance (L(∗)) influencing the spectra. PCA was not successful to completely discriminate between pale, soft and exudative (PSE) and pale-only muscles. High-quality PLSR were obtained for L(∗) and pH models predicted individually (R(2)CV of 0.91 and 0.81, and SECV of 1.99 and 0.07, respectively). Water-holding capacity was the most challenging attribute to determine (R(2)CV of 0.70 and SECV of 2.40%). Sample mincing and different spectra pre-treatments were not necessary to maximise the predictive performance of models. Results suggest that NIR spectroscopy can become useful tool for quality assessment of chicken meat.

Intermediate moisture meat product: biological evaluation of charqui meat protein quality

Abstract Charqui is a typical salted and dry Brazilian meat product. A harsh condition for salting and drying during charqui processing could eventually damage its biological value. Therefore protein quality of raw and cooked charqui meat flours was chemically and biologically evaluated by rat growth and nitrogen balance studies. Proximate chemical compositions of desalted raw and cooked charqui flour samples showed protein content of 74.2 and 81.1%, respectively and lipid contents of 20.06 and 13.52%, respectively. There was a good balance of essential amino acids in both samples. Feeding of flour diets prepared from exhaustively desalted and dried cooked and raw charqui samples resulted in high protein efficiency ratios, in high net protein utilisations and high nitrogen balances thus showing a high biological value and also high true digestibility, with NPU similar to casein.

Consumo e Digestibilidade Aparente das Silagens de Milho (Zea mays L.), Sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e Girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)

The experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the daily average intake (DAI) and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of corn, sorghum and sunflower silages nutrients. The nitrogen balance was also evaluated. Nine castrated, male sheeps, kept in metabolism cages, in a 3 x 3 (three treatments and three periods), latin square design, were used. DAI of dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) of corn silage of sunflower silage did not differ. DAI of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract (EE) were higher in corn and sunflower silages, respectively. ADC of DM and EE were higher in sunflower silage than in sorghum silage. ADC of NDF and CP were similar for all silages.

Eficiência produtiva em vacas primíparas das raças Aberdeen Angus e Charolês

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive efficiency of beef cows. Thirty Angus and 32 Charolais primiparous cows, pregnant at the beginning of the experiment with straightbred or crossbred calves, were evaluated. The cows were submitted to different feeding management during winter and spring: T1 ¾ Native pasture, T2 ¾ Cultivated pasture for 60 days (24 hours/day), from early September to early November, T3 ¾ Cultivated pasture for two hours a day, for 60 days, from early July to early September, T4 - Cultivated pasture for two hours a day, for 60 days, from early July to early September, and more 60 days on cultivated pasture (24 hours/day), from early September to early November. Productive efficiency was measured by CALVINGPE = (W205/CWC)*100, WEANINGPE = (W205/CWW)*100, CALVINGMBPE = (W205/CWC.75), WEANINGMBPE = (W205/CWW.75) and TDNPE = TDNTOTAL/W205, where W205 is the calf weaning weight and CWC and CWW are the cow weight at calving and weaning, respectively. TDNTOTAL is the total energy requirement (maintenance + milk production) of the cow. Aberdeen Angus cows, cows with male calves and cows with crossbred calves were more efficient. Cows that had access to cultivated pasture for a long period of time (T4) had better performance than those that were maintained on native pasture only (T1). Cows of the other treatments had intermediate performance.

Degradabilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca e proteína bruta de duas variedades de grão de soja com diferentes teores de inibidor de tripsina, em bovinos

Four ruminally fistulated Holstein, distributed in randomized blocks and fed with coastcross grass, were used. They were supplemented with 2 kg of concentrate containing ground soybean, put through the rumen fistula daily, at 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. Nylon bags were incubated into the rumen of each animal, and contained samples of each of the following feed: ground soybean (S); low fat ground soybean (LFS); ground low trypsin inhibitor soybean (LTIS); ground low fat and low trypsin inhibitor soybean (LFLTIS); and soybean meal (SM). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) solubility and disappearance into the rumen were determined after 6, 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The DM, OM and CP solubilities of S were higher than low trypsin inhibitor soybean. The DM and OM effective degradability (ED) of LTIS was about 9% lower than the observed values of S and the ED of the LTIS crude protein was about 6% lower. All feedstuffs showed high degradation rate for the studied nutritive components, with fermentation rates varying from 5% for SM to 15%/hour for LFLTIS. The LTIS showed the lowest nutritive component degradation. The values suggest that these feedstuffs should be associated with others with low degradation velocity for ruminant feed as a way of improving the synchronization between the release of ammonia, aminoacid, peptides and ketoacids into the rumen, when the increase of microbial protein yield and/or increase the amount of bypass protein is necessary.

Carcaça de borregos Ile de France inteiros ou castrados e Hampshire down castrados abatidos aos doze meses de idade

A total of 24 lambs, eight intact Ile de France, eight castrated Ile de France and eight castrated Hampshire Down, were used in this experiment with the main objective of evaluating quantitative and qualitative carcass traits. The animals were raised on a Coast-Cross pasture and slaughtered at 12 months of age. Carcasses from intact Ile de France lambs had significantly more neck than carcasses from castrated Ile de France lambs. No other differences were observed between carcasses from intact or castrated Ile de France. However, differences between breeds were observed for tissue composition of the shoulder. Shoulders from Ile de France carcasses (intact or castrated) presented greater percentage of muscles and greater relation of muscles/bones than shoulders from Hampshire Down lambs. Results indicate that intact males can be recommended for sheep meat production systems, when slaughter occurs up to 12 months of age.

Desempenho e características de carcaça de bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of steers of three genetic groups: Nellore (NN), ½ Guzerat × ½ Nellore (GN) and ½ Brahman × ½ Nellore (BN). Forty-one steers, 24 mo old, kept in pasture of Brachiaria grass. All animals were from the same herd and were raised under the same conditions and slaughtered at 3 years old. At the beginning of the experiment and at slaughter, Brahman-crossed animals were heavier than the animals from the other two groups. Means for body weight for the groups NN, GN and BN, were respectively, 324, 320 and 343 kg at the beginning of the experiment, and 474, 470 and 499 kg at slaughter. However, average daily gains were similar among the groups (0.388, 0.386 and 0.409 kg/d, respectively). Animals of BN group produced heavier hot carcasses (253 × 238 kg) than those obtained in the GN group, but these two groups did not differ from the NN group (242 kg). Percentages of muscle, fat and bones in the carcass were similar among the groups. Other carcass traits (dressing percentage, ribeye area, fat thickness and marbling) and meat tenderness, measured by a trained panel or by a texturometer were, also, similar among the three genetic groups. The crossing of other zebu breeds (Brahman or Guzerat) with Nellore did not improve quality characteristics of carcasses and meat; however, crossing with Brahman resulted in heavier animals with heavier carcasses.

Consumo de nutrientes e desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento alimentados com dietas com polpa cítrica úmida prensada em substituição à silagem de milho

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da substituicao da silagem de milho pela polpa citrica umida prensada (PCUP) no desempenho de cordeiros da raca Santa Ines. Vinte e quatro cordeiros com 90 dias de idade e 18,44 kg PV inicial medio foram confinados durante 67 dias e alimentados com dietas contendo niveis crescentes de PCUP em substituicao a silagem de milho (0, 25, 50 e 75% MS). Nao houve diferenca para ingestao de MS (IMS). Os valores medios de IMS em g, %PV e g/kgPV0,75 foram respectivamente, 1.180, 4,74 e 126. Houve reducao linear na ingestao de FDN, em %PV e em g/kgPV0,75, com o aumento dos niveis de substituicao. A ingestao de PB nao foi afetada pela dieta. Verificou-se aumento linear para a ingestao de EE, em %PV e em g/kgPV0,75, e para a FDA, em %PV. A ingestao de carboidratos nao-fibrosos (CNF) apresentou comportamento quadratico, em %PV e em g/kgPV0,75, e linear em g/animal.dia, a medida que houve a substituicao da silagem de milho pela PCUP. A substituicao da silagem de milho pela PCUP nao afetou a conversao alimentar (4,33 kg MS/ kg de ganho), no entanto, o ganho de peso medio apresentou comportamento quadratico em funcao do nivel de substituicao; o nivel de substituicao de 48% promoveu o maior ganho medio diario. Os resultados sugerem que a PCUP pode substituir a silagem de milho em dietas para cordeiros em confinamento.