Janann Joslin Medeiros

Instrumentos governamentais: reflexões para uma agenda de pesquisas sobre implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil

A variety of government tools or instruments for implementation of public policy coexist at present in the Brazilian federal government, ranging from direct management by government organs to more indirect ones such as economic incentives, grants, and concessions of various sorts. In this essay, we reflect on the use of government instruments in the implementation process and propose a research agenda on the subject for Brazil. This reflection is justified in view of the interest in establishing a solid technical basis for the perennial, and frequently ideological debate about the relative superiority of direct management or management by means of more indirect instruments. Government instrument is defined as being an identifiable method for structuring collective action for dealing with a public problem. After an overview of pertinent theory with respect to public policy implementation and government instruments, a discussion is presented about possible processes for instrument choice and of the variety of existing typologies. The need for further studies, particularly in the Brazilian context, is shown; and a research agenda is recommended.

Empreendedores de Políticas Públicas na Implementação de Programas Governamentais

This study takes a new look at the question of policy implementation, bringing together concepts from the literatures of public policy, implementation and innovation to investigate the actions undertaken by school directors to implement education programs. Among the interviewees there are those whose actions approximate those characteristic of champions in the innovation literature, and public policy entrepreneurs in the public policy literature; and characteristics were found that differentiate implementation entrepreneurs or champions from non-entrepreneurs. Similarities were found between the concepts of champion and policy entrepreneur, as well as points in common between the phases of innovation and the phases of the policy cycle, opening the possibility for fruitful dialogue between the two fields of study and for enhancing studies of program and policy implementation.This study takes a new look at the question of policy implementation, bringing together concepts from the literatures of public policy, implementation and innovation to investigate the actions undertaken by school directors to implement education programs. Among the interviewees there are those whose actions approximate those characteristic of champions in the innovation literature, and public policy entrepreneurs in the public policy literature; and characteristics were found that differentiate implementation entrepreneurs or champions from non-entrepreneurs. Similarities were found between the concepts of champion and policy entrepreneur, as well as points in common between the phases of innovation and the phases of the policy cycle, opening the possibility for fruitful dialogue between the two fields of study and for enhancing studies of program and policy implementation.

Conditions for policy implementation via co-production: the control of dengue fever in Brazil

ABSTRACT In this paper, we identify the conditions that must be present for effective policy implementation using co-production. To this end, we investigated five cases in which co-production was used to combat the vector of dengue, the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, in Brazil. Data were analysed using content analysis and crisp-set QCA methods to identify the combination of conditions that explain successful outcomes. Five conditions were found to be necessary for effective implementation via co-production: technical, economic, normative, cognitive and structural. The contribution of this study is to provide empirical evidence with respect to the conditions that effectively lead to successful outcomes.

Transparência e legitimação de objetivos institucionais em empresas estatais: um estudo de caso sobre a Petrobras

This paper intends to examine the legitimacy of the dual strategic objectives (financial and social) of state-owned companies and how these objectives are reflected in the corporate governance, social responsibility and transparency practices of these companies. We provide evidence of the legitimacy of this pursuit of dual objectives and that it involves compliance with a variety of different types of corporate social responsibility. Analyzing the information provided on three corporate websites of Petrobras, we identified transparency practices and their association both with isomorphic legitimating mechanisms and with the achievement of dual institutional objectives. Findings reveal that the information provided on the websites is aligned to both types of institutional goals, that transparency practices reflect isomorphic pressures (being coercive, normative and mimetic), and that the profile of isomorphic pressures differs depending on the type of social responsibility and intended audience. This paper also shows that threats to transparency practices and to legitimacy itself may arise from new demands from stakeholders, perhaps deriving from new possibilities for the use of open data available on the websites.

Reflexões conceituais em coprodução de políticas públicas e apontamentos para uma agenda de pesquisa

Co-production has been pointed out as the main topic in public administration over the last decade, due to the fact that the delivery of many public services depends on the active participation of users. This approach however is still not used to its full potential because of the fragmentation and lack of systematization of the concepts presented in the literature on co-production. This study aims to contribute in this sense, identifying and discussing the elements that might form a more robust and integrated conceptual framework, supporting the research and practice on co-production in public policy. The literature review is based on the classic research produced on the subject, which has set the guidelines for the literature on co-production over the last 40 years. By systematizing and discussing the relevant concepts, this study intends to identify the relationships existing among them, as well as the potential for new interrelationships. Thus the main contribution of this article is to identify the concepts of co-production that are found in theoretical framework and point out the relationships among them. The discussion provided suggests a broad and rich agenda for future research on co-production.

Avaliação de políticas públicas no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos: análise da pesquisa nos últimos 10 anos

This study compares research on evaluation of public policies in Brazil and the United States. To examine the extent to which evaluation research has been established in these countries, this article uses the methods of bibliometric and social network analysis to compare recent use of evaluation research in these countries. The results show that Brazil and the United States have focused on the same areas of research, especially the areas of health, education and social welfare. It was also observed that researchers from both countries use research methods, although American researchers make more use of quanti-quali methods, and that research networks on policy evaluation in the two country have similar characteristics, although the average size and density of networks in Brazil is less than that in the United States. On the basis of the evidence, it is concluded that evaluation research in Brazil evolved during the period investigated and is becoming consolidated as a field of study and practice.

Estratégia em negócios internacionais: evidência em uma trading company que atua entre economias emergentes

This case study revisits the questions raised by Peng (2004; 2003) with respect to what drives firm strategy and the determinants of success or failure in international business. Specifically, the study investigates what drives the strategy of a trading company and determines its success in international business. The theoretical framework focuses on trading companies and the triangular relationships between these companies, their clients and their suppliers and on three approaches or bases of strategy in international business, those of industrial competitiveness, firm resources and capabilities, and institutional contexts and transitions. The study, descriptive and qualitative in nature, collected data by means of in-depth interviews, document analysis and non-participant observation during the period from July, 2010 to January, 2011. The firm selected for study is a trading company conducting a large percentage of its total transactions between emerging economies. Results demonstrate that there is no single driver of this trading company strategy. Rather, there was evidence of the use of a variety of strategies, driven at times by the demands of industrial competitiveness, at times by firm resources and capabilities, and at times by institutional conditions. Each driver corresponded to a specific moment in the trajectory of the trading company studied. In addition, there was no evidence neither of a linear chronological order for these drivers, nor of driver obsolescence. On the contrary, the evidence of the study suggests that drivers are cumulative and cyclical, requiring review and even re-thinking when organizational and environmental characteristics undergo change. The determinant of success for the trading company studied was identified as the firm capability to manage the interfaces among firm resources and capabilities, the demands of industrial competitiveness, and institutional conditions and transitions. It is the capability to manage these interfaces that has permitted the firm to overcome the adversities and exploit the business opportunities in emerging economies around the world.

Emprendedores de políticas públicas en la implementación de programas gubernamentales

This study takes a new look at the question of policy implementation, bringing together concepts from the literatures of public policy, implementation and innovation to investigate the actions undertaken by school directors to implement education programs. Among the interviewees there are those whose actions approximate those characteristic of champions in the innovation literature, and public policy entrepreneurs in the public policy literature; and characteristics were found that differentiate implementation entrepreneurs or champions from non-entrepreneurs. Similarities were found between the concepts of champion and policy entrepreneur, as well as points in common between the phases of innovation and the phases of the policy cycle, opening the possibility for fruitful dialogue between the two fields of study and for enhancing studies of program and policy implementation.This study takes a new look at the question of policy implementation, bringing together concepts from the literatures of public policy, implementation and innovation to investigate the actions undertaken by school directors to implement education programs. Among the interviewees there are those whose actions approximate those characteristic of champions in the innovation literature, and public policy entrepreneurs in the public policy literature; and characteristics were found that differentiate implementation entrepreneurs or champions from non-entrepreneurs. Similarities were found between the concepts of champion and policy entrepreneur, as well as points in common between the phases of innovation and the phases of the policy cycle, opening the possibility for fruitful dialogue between the two fields of study and for enhancing studies of program and policy implementation.

Entrepreneurs of public policies in the implementation of government programs

This study takes a new look at the question of policy implementation, bringing together concepts from the literatures of public policy, implementation and innovation to investigate the actions undertaken by school directors to implement education programs. Among the interviewees there are those whose actions approximate those characteristic of champions in the innovation literature, and public policy entrepreneurs in the public policy literature; and characteristics were found that differentiate implementation entrepreneurs or champions from non-entrepreneurs. Similarities were found between the concepts of champion and policy entrepreneur, as well as points in common between the phases of innovation and the phases of the policy cycle, opening the possibility for fruitful dialogue between the two fields of study and for enhancing studies of program and policy implementation.This study takes a new look at the question of policy implementation, bringing together concepts from the literatures of public policy, implementation and innovation to investigate the actions undertaken by school directors to implement education programs. Among the interviewees there are those whose actions approximate those characteristic of champions in the innovation literature, and public policy entrepreneurs in the public policy literature; and characteristics were found that differentiate implementation entrepreneurs or champions from non-entrepreneurs. Similarities were found between the concepts of champion and policy entrepreneur, as well as points in common between the phases of innovation and the phases of the policy cycle, opening the possibility for fruitful dialogue between the two fields of study and for enhancing studies of program and policy implementation.

INSTRUMENTOS GOVERNAMENTAIS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE MUSEUS

This article identifies how different government instruments are used in the implementation of the National Policy for Museums and how they relate to the governmental goal of democratizing access. The first part defines the term government instruments, exposing its theoretical framework. The National Policy for Museums is described and its instruments are identified. The second part explains the methodology used for a comparative analysis, and describes the selected variables: incentives, autonomy, information, and complexity. The third part develops the comparative analysis of three instruments: direct management, tax waver, and financial assistance. The results suggest that the instrument financial assistance has a better ability to democratize access. The conclusion suggests proposals to be tested in future research: the tax waiver instrument, being based on the market, strengths the market concentration; direct management has limited effects, circumscribed to places where there is the presence of the state, with limited power to de-concentrate; and financial assistance instrument is the best instrument to democratize opportunities to access museums.