João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva

Mercado de madeiras tropicais: substituição na demanda de exportação

This work analyzed the level of substitution of six Amazonian species on the international sawnwood market, by employing the substitution elasticity model. Data supplied by the Brazilian Department of Foreign Trade (SECEX) was collected monthly from January/1996 to September/2007. The species analyzed were: mogno (Swietenia macrophylla), cedro (Cedrela spp.), virola (Virola surinamensis), louro (Nectandra spp. e Ocotea spp.), angico (Anadenanthera spp.) e ipe (Tabebuia spp.). The elasticities indicated that all of the species as substitutes for mogno. For the species which possess different physical characteristics, market factors probably related to the supply guarantee of mogno have influenced these results. In general, the results suggested a similarity among the species considered noble (mogno, ipe and cedro) on the international market indicating them as good substitutes among themselves.

Dinâmica das Exportações de Mel Natural Brasileiro no Período de 2000 a 2011 / Dynamics of the Brazilian Exports of Natural Honey Between 2000 and 2011

This study aimed to describe the dynamics of the Brazilian exports of natural honey in the 2000-2011 period. To this end, a literature survey on exports of natural honey was carried out at the following reference data sources: SEBRAE, IBGE, Aliceweb, and UNcomtrade. The concentration ratio (CR) methodology was also applied to define the degree of concentration; this calculation was based on the participation of the four and the eight largest Brazilian export markets. The results showed that Brazil evolved from a low volume of exports in 2000 to the 5th place in world exports in 2011, exporting mainly to the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Spain and Belgium. The United States and Germany participated with more than 80% of the total Brazilian exports of natural in the period studied, indicating a high market concentration proven by the methodology applied.

Rentabilidade Econômica do Arrendamento de Terra para Cultivo de Eucalipto em São Paulo / Economic Profitability of Land Lease for Eucalyptus Cultivation in Sao Paulo State, Brazil

The present study aimed to analyze the leasing of land for the cultivation of eucalyptus in Vale do Paraiba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. We used information from 10 properties, eight landowners, a pulp and paper company, and an investor in forestry assets. The economic tools used were the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Land Expectation Value (LEV). Considering a minimum attractiveness rate of 8.75%, the cultivation of eucalyptus with investment in land in the study area was economically viable for only five of the properties analyzed. With the guarantee of productivity established in the contract, the investment was feasible for land lease, but uneconomical for the investor. Ensuring productivity was important to maintain economic viability for the investor and the lessee, considering that without productivity assurance only three properties showed economic viability for land lease.

Infraestrutura Brasileira para Produção de Madeira Serrada de Reflorestamento / Brazilian Infrastructure for Production of Sawn Wood from Reforestation

One can even discuss the type and degree of State interference in a nation, but its importance to the development of any economy is undeniable, either as an inducer of development or as a guarantor of the rules and regulations in question. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of the Brazilian State in creating a competitive environment for softwood businesses. The analysis was based on the perceptions of entrepreneurs of this segment using Boxplot graph and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test as analytical tools. The results minimized problems related to the lack of wood and energy, and identified the following as critical points: scarcity of labor and credit, poor transport infrastructure, and training in human resources.