João Paulo Elsen Saut

Denervação acetabular cranial e dorsal no tratamento da displasia coxofemoral em cães: 360 dias de evolução de 97 casos

The aim was to evaluate the clinical results of cranial and dorsal acetabular denervation using curettage in dysplastic dogs. Ninty seven dogs without distinction of breed and sex, 1 to 7 years of age, were analyzed for diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia, based on physical examination, clinical signs and radiographic findings. For evaluation of results of the surgical denervation technique, clinical examinations were performed preoperatively (initial exam) and postoperatively at days 2, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 180 and 360. All animals were evaluated for lameness, pain to movement and touch, muscular atrophy degree, pain sensivity to Ortolanis test and assessment of life quality. The surgical denervation procedure decreases lameness, pain to movement and touch after 2 days of procedure, decreases muscular atrophy after 60 days of procedure, and improves quality of life from the owners and veterinarians point of view even after 1 year of the treatment. Dorsal acetabular denervation is a feasible surgical technique in treatment of pain secondary to hip dysplasia in dogs, with significant decrease of pain after 2 days of treatment, improvement of quality of life, decrease of lameness, and consequently joyful animals and owners extremely satisfied with the results obtained by the proposed treatment. The surgical technique must include the curettage of nerve fibers from the cranial-dorsal and dorsal region of the acetabular periosteum.

A quantitative analysis of the nerve fibres of the acetabular periosteum of dogs

There are many techniques for the treatment of hip dysplasia, and novel research is currently being undertaken in the hope of obtaining more efficient and less traumatic techniques. The denervation of the hip joint capsule is a simple and effective technique that allows recovery of the functional activity of the affected limbs in significantly less time than other techniques. This surgical procedure consists of removing the acetabular periosteum, thus eliminating the nerve fibres with consequent analgesia. The aim of this investigation was to quantify the number of nerve fibres present in different regions of the acetabular periosteum. The knowledge of regional differences is potentially valuable for the refining of the denervation technique of the hip joint capsule. Thirty canine acetabular fragments were used to compare the nerve fibre density of the periosteum. The results showed a significant difference between the mean density of nerve fibres at the cranial and dorsal-lateral portion (approximately 75 fibres/mm2) and caudal lateral portion (approximately 60 fibres/mm2) of the acetabulum. Those fibres at the periosteum are almost positioned in a sagittal plane, pointing towards the joint capsule, suggesting the same density in the latter region. These results indicate a new approach to the articular denervation technique, thus obtaining even better results for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs.

Análise biomecânica do joelho íntegro e com ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial quanto ao grau de deslocamento cranial e rigidez articular em cães

PURPOSE: To analyse the biomechanical function of the knee joint in dogs, comparing the cranial translation degree and articular stiffness of the tibia in relation to the femur, in normal joints and joints with rupture of cranial crucial ligament. METHODS: Ten mongrel dog knees were analyzed, weighting more than 20 kg. Biomechanical analysis to the cranial translation degree of the knee joint with normal cranial cruciate ligament and surgically sectioned was made. Mechanical assays was realized by Kratos 5002 machine, and recorded in real time the parameters of force (N) and translation/deformation, in mm. The assay had consisted in to use a force(N) registering the cranial translation. RESULTS: To the normal knee, the deslocation media founded after 3 repetitions was 3,39 ; 3,47; 3,53. To the knee with surgical section was 12,96; 13,24; 13,34. The statistical analysis reveled significant diference between groups to the cranial tranlation e articular stiffness (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: These study allows to conclude that the cranial translation is added in four times and the articular stiffness is reduced one and a half times when statistically compared.

Biópsia hepática por laparotomia paracostal em bovinos e búfalos

Liver biopsy in ruminants is an important technique for clinical diagnosis of toxic and metabolic diseases, especially mineral disorders. The most frequent procedures used so far results in an small amount of liver and not enough for multiple tests. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of paracostal laparotomy liver biopsy technique in cattle and buffalo and to follow possible changes on biochemical and hematological profiles caused by the surgery. Ten cattle and ten buffalo were used in this study. The animals were kept on their normal position and sedated with xilazin and locally infiltrated with lidocain and epinefrin. The access to abdominal cavity was carried through a right paracoastal laparotomy, ventrally to the transverse process of 2nd or 3rd lombar vertebra. A small portion of the hepatic caudal lobe (2 to 4g) was clinched by a Doyen clamp and removed. The abdominal cavity was closed as normally routine. Blood samples were taken to biochemical tests and hemogram before the procedure, and 24h, 48h, 5 and 10 days later. The technique was practical and easy to be performed (took approximately 25 minutes). The technique described here was efficient and offers low risk to animal health and provided enough amount of liver tissue for multiple tests.

Nephroblastoma in an adult sheep

December 16, 2006FIG 1: Comparative gross morphology of the right and left kidneys of a sheep: (a) the left kidney had marked hypertrophy and protrusion at the cranial pole; (b) dissection of the left kidney revealed cystic haemorrhagic areas (H) and bony tissue (B) within the disorganised kidney. (c) Photomicroscopy of the sectioned nephroblastoma revealed primitive renal glomeruli and tubules surrounded by proliferating stromal connective tissue. Haematoxylin and eosin. x 10. (d) Photomicroscopy of sectioned lung tissue also revealed a tumour (t) within the pulmonary parenchyma (p). Haematoxylin and eosin. x 10.

Influência da retenção dos anexos fetais no hemograma de fêmeas bovinas da raça Holandesa

Hematological profiles of 177 blood samples from Holstein cows were determined during the first 90 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected from cows that were non-reactive to the bovine leukosis virus (GP 51) antigen. The animals were divided into two groups (group I: physiological puerperium and group II: puerperim with retained fetal membranes), and subdivided into four groups, based on the time that the samples were collected. During the first 10 days after parturition, retained fetal membranes did not influence the erythrogram. However, with the evolution of the puerperium period, a mild anemia was observed from the 10th to the 30th day postpartum in cows with retained fetal membranes. The leukocyte profile was predominantly lymphocytic, characterized by leucopenia induced by neutropenia with a left degenerative shift and eosinopenia. From the 10th day postpartum, the retained fetal membranes did not influence the leukogram.

Influência da suplementação nutricional sobre o metabolismo energético e enzimas musculares em cavalos de Team Penning

O Team Penning (TP) e uma modalidade equestre que exige velocidade maxima. Nesse tipo de exercicio ocorre o rapido consumo de energia pela via anaerobica. Diversos suplementos tem sido desenvolvidos para melhorar o desempenho e diminuir lesoes musculares em equinos atletas. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a influencia da suplementacao com Tonnus JCR® nos parâmetros fisiologicos, metabolismo energetico e muscular no treinamento de TP. Foram utilizados 12 equinos da raca Quarto de Milha, atletas de TP, separados em dois grupos, suplementado (GS) e nao suplementado (GNS), avaliados em dois treinos. Foi realizado o exame fisico, avaliacao das concentracoes plasmaticas de glicose e lactato, e concentracoes sericas de creatinoquinase (CK), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH). As amostras de sangue foram colhidas durante e apos os treinos em 12 diferentes momentos (M0 - M11). A suplementacao foi realizada no intervalo entre os treinos. No segundo treino, verificou-se diminuicao nas concentracoes de glicose no GS quando comparado ao treino 1 (p = 0,01); no GNS nao houve diferenca entre os treinos (p = 0,13). Nao houve diferenca nas concentracoes de lactato entre grupos e treinos. Os valores da concentracao de CK no treino 1 nao apresentaram diferenca entre os grupos (p = 0,83) e momentos (p = 0,16). Quando comparadas as concentracoes de CK entre os grupos no treino 2, observaram-se concentracoes menores no GS (p = 0,02). Ao se comparar o GS antes e apos a suplementacao, as concentracoes de CK foram menores no treino 2 (p = 0,01). No GNS nao houve diferenca entre os treinos (p = 0,51). As enzimas AST e LDH nao diferiram entre os grupos nos treinos 1 e 2. Concluiu-se que a suplementacao influenciou de forma positiva, diminuindo as concentracoes de glicose e os niveis de CK, o que indica menor injuria muscular pos-treino.

Molecular survey of infectious agents associated with bovine respiratory disease in a beef cattle feedlot in southern Brazil

We investigated the occurrence of infectious pathogens during an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in a beef cattle feedlot in southern Brazil that has a high risk of developing BRD. Nasopharyngeal swabs were randomly collected from steers (n = 23) and assessed for the presence of infectious agents of BRD by PCR and/or RT-PCR assays. These included: Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma bovis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). Pulmonary sections of one steer that died with clinical BRD were submitted for pathology and molecular testing. The frequencies of the pathogens identified from the nasopharyngeal swabs were: H. somni 39% (9 of 23), BRSV 35% (8 of 23), BCoV 22% (5 of 23), and M. haemolytica 13% (3 of 23). PCR or RT-PCR assays did not identify P. multocida, M. bovis, BoHV-1, BVDV, or BPIV-3 from the nasopharyngeal swabs. Single and concomitant associations of infectious agents of BRD were identified. Fibrinous bronchopneumonia was diagnosed in one steer that died; samples were positive for H. somni and M. haemolytica by PCR. H. somni, BRSV, and BCoV are important disease pathogens of BRD in feedlot cattle in Brazil, but H. somni and BCoV are probably under-reported.

Teores de cloretos, lactose e índice cloretos/lactose na secreção láctea de bovinos da raça Jersey no primeiro mês da lactação

In order to assess the influence of the colostral period on chloride and lactose levels and on the chloride/lactose ratio, 419 milk samples from 127 Jersey cows were analyzed. The samples were collected from healthy udders that did not present any bacterial growth in the microbiological examination. Cows were distributed into eight groups as follows: 0 ┤1/2 day; 1/2 ┤1 day; 1 ┤2 days; 2 ┤3 days; 3 ┤5 days; 5 ┤7 days; 7 ┤15 days; 15 ┤30 days of lactation. The samples were collected before milking to analyze the levels of chloride by colorimetric titration, lactose by infrared radiation, and to determine the chloride/lactose ratio. In the first 24 hours after partition, there was an abrupt reduction in chloride levels as well in chloride/ lactose ratio, associated with an increase in lactose levels. It was observed that the transition of the secretion from colostrum to milk, regarding chloride and lactose levels and chloride/lactose ratio occurred during the first week of lactation: from the 3rd day of lactation for chloride and chloride/lactose ratio and from 4th for the lactose levels. It is recommended the use the following thresholds as normal ranges for the first 24 hours of lactation: chloride 3.94g/dL, and chloride/lactose ratio 4.03g/dL and chloride/lactose ratio <3.54.