João Restle

Carcass Traits of Young Red Angus Steers Slaughtered with Different Weights

The carcass quantitative characteristics of feedlot finished Red Angus steers, with initial age of eight months and 189 kg, slaughtered with 340, 370, 400 or 430 kg (SW), were evaluated. The number of days to reach the respective weight was 114, 144, 173 and 213 days. The diet contained 13.13% crude protein, 2.7 Mcal digestible energy/kg DM and a roughage:concentrate ratio of 56:44. Carcass dressing percentage and conformation were not affected by the slaughter weight. The saw cut weight although increasing linearly in weight (91.73; 103.26; 106.20 and 116.66 kg) as the slaughter weight increased, declined linearly when expressed in relation to cold carcass weight. Side cut percentage showed the highest increase (23.36; 25.40; 28.50 and 35%) as the slaughter weight increased, following the increase of subcutaneous fat thickness (3.91; 6.16; 6.16 and 9.58 mm). The Longissimus dorsi muscle (LMA) increased linearly as the slaughter weight increased (LMA = 27.48 + 0.083SW) while the LMA/100 kg of cold carcass weight declined linearly (LMA/100 kg carc. = 45.14 - 0.0425SW). According to the regression equation the minimum subcutaneous fat thickness required by the slaughter weights (3 mm) would be reached at 327 kg of live weight. Considering the minimum carcass weight of 180 kg, it would be reached with the slaughter weight of 337 kg. Using Red Angus breed to produce steers to be slaughtered at young age the slaughter weight should not surpass 400 kg, in order to not exceed the 6 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness, to avoid the carcass trimming for fat excess.

Características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos de diferentes genótipos de Hereford x Nelore

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics of Hereford (H), 5/8 H 3/8 Nellore (N), 1/2 H 1/2 N and 1/4 H 3/4 N steers, feedlot finished, from 20 to 24 months of age. Twenty-four steers randomly taken from the same herd were used. The diet contained, in a dry matter basis, 12.7% of crude protein and 57.5:42.5% forage:concentrate ratio. The forage was composed by corn silage + sugar cane (relation 1:1). The slaughter and cold carcass weights were higher for 1/2 H 1/2 N steers (443 and 236 kg) followed by 5/8 H 3/8 N (426 and 225 kg). The cold carcass dressing percentage increased as the proportion of N increased, being 48.91, 52.74, 53.37 and 54.23%, respectively. There was no difference for subcutaneous fat thickness, bone, muscle and fat percentage in the carcass. The meat tenderness decreased with the increase of Nellore proportion in the genotype.

Composição Física da Carcaça, Qualidade da Carne e Conteúdo de Colesterol no Músculo Longissimus dorsi de Novilhos Red Angus Superprecoces, Terminados em Confinamento e Abatidos com Diferentes Pesos

The carcass physical composition, meat quality and cholesterol content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of 24 Red Angus steers finished in feedlot with different weights were evaluated. Steers average age and weight at the beginning of the feedlot were, respectively, eight months and 189 kg. The number of days on feed was 114, 144, 173 and 213 days to reach the slaughter weight (PA) of 340, 373, 400.6 or 433.6 kg. The carcass composition was affected by the slaugther weight, with a quadratic response for bone percentage (%bone= 92.81 ¾ 0.402PA + 0.0005PA2), being the minimum value of 12% at a PA of 402 kg. The muscle percentage decreased linearly (%musc.= 78.38 ¾ 0.042PA) while the fat percent increased (%fat= 3.92 + 0.052PA). The edible portion:bone ratio showed a quadratic relation with slaughter weight (EP:B= -31.88 + 0.194PA ¾ 0.0002PA2) showing the maximun value of 6.47 for the carcasses produced by animals slaughtered with 395 kg. Muscle:bone ratio did not change with slaughter weight, being the average of 4.4 for all slaughter weights. Meat color and texture were not affected by slaughter weight, while marbling score increased linearly (Marb.= -13.35 + 0.051667PA). Increasing the slaughter weight resulted in lower thawing losses and higher cooking losses. The meat tenderness was not affected by slaughter weight and was classified as tender and very tender. Meat juiciness and palatability were sligthtly above average. The Longissimus dorsi ether extract concentration and cholesterol content were not affected by slaughter weight being 2.35% and 43.07 mg of cholesterol/100 g of muscle, respectively.

Qualidade e composição química da carne de bovinos de corte inteiros ou castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos Charolês x Nelore

Seventy beef males of three breeding systems (BS), straightbreds Charolais (Ch) and Nellore (Ne), G1 crossbreds: 1/2 Ch + 1/2 Ne (1/2 Ch) and 1/2 Ne + 1/2 Ch (1/2 Ne) and G2 crossbreds: 3/4 Ch + 1/4 Ne (3/4 Ch) and 3/4 Ne + 1/4 Ch (3/4 Ne) were used. The number of animals by genetic group was, respectively, 15, 12, 8, 12, 14 and 9. Thirty-five males were castrated (C) at seven months and 35 were kept intact (I). The animals were feedlot finished from 20 to 24 months. The longissimus dorsi muscle was used for the meat evaluation. No significant interaction was observed between genetic composition and sexual condition, for the variables studied. The I males displayed meat with darker color (3.05 vs. 3.78 points) with less amount of marbling (4.26 vs. 5.75 points) and less amount of ether extract (1.73 vs. 2.88%). However they presented larger (66.03 vs. 60.50 cm2) longissimus dorsi area and meat with better palatability, juiciness and tenderness. Ch animals had larger longissimus dorsi than the Ne. In the G1 group, the 1/2 Ch meat showed larger amount of marbling and ether extract and less cooking losses than the 1/2 Ne meat. Between G2 animals, the 3/4 Ne showed meat with larger thawing losses and larger amount of ether extract. In G1 animals meat, the heterosis level reached 18.54% for longissimus dorsi area, 28.10% for ether extract and 64.01% for amount of marbling. In G2, the heterosis was -17.30% for lean texture and 10.40% for longissimus dorsi area.

Características de carcaça de bovinos de corte inteiros ou castrados de diferentes composições aciais Charolês x Nelore

The carcass characteristics from young bulls or steers from different breed compositions of Charolais x Nellore were the objective of this study. Seventy beef males from three breeding systems: straightbreds (Charolais (Ch) and Nellore (Ne)), G1 crossbreds (1/2 Ch 1/2 Ne and 1/2 Ne 1/2 Ch) and G2 crossbreds (3/4 Ch 1/4 Ne and 3/4 Ne 1/4 Ch) were used. Thirty-five males were castrated (steers) at seven months and 35 were kept entire (young bulls). The animals were confined from 20 month to the slaughter time, at 24 months of age. No interaction was observed between breed composition and sexual condition, for any of the studied variables. The young bulls showed higher slaughter and carcass weight, forequarter and muscle percentage and conformation, while the steers showed higher fat thickness, fat, pistol cut and sidecut percentage. Among breeding systems, crossbreds animals showed higher values for slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length, leg length, cushion thickness and arm perimeter, and the heterosis values were 16.36, 20.10, 3.08, 3.71, 4.09, 6.04 and 4.56% in G1, and, in G2, of 10.03, 11.48, 1.09, 3.02, 2.49, 6.08 and 4.56%, respectively. Comparing the Ch and Ne breeds, the first showed higher slaughter and carcass weight, while the dressing percentage and carcass fat thickness were better in Ne animals. There was no difference among 1/2 Ch 1/2 Ne and 1/2 Ne 1/2 Ch animals for any one of the studied traits.

Avaliação econômica da terminação em confinamento de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this study was to economically evaluate feedlot finished steers and young steers from two genetic groups: 5/8Charolais (CH) 3/8Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH. The average age of animals at the end of the experimental period was 22.8 and 15.2 months for steers and young steers, respectively. Animals were maintained in the feedlot until reach the previously established slaughter weight of 430 kg. Animals were fed a diet containing a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 with the following chemical composition: 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. Economical evaluation was performed as follows: FW - period spent for young steers to reach final body weight similar to steers and FBCS - period spent for young steers to reach final body condition score (FBCS) similar to steers. Variables responsible for most of the total production cost of one hectare of corn silage were: crop fertilizer (23.27%), nitrogen fertilizer (16.05%), seeds (11.56%), insecticide (9.97%), post-emergent herbicide (9.40%), and canvas (6.85%). Of the total estimated cost of the diet, forage represented 23.75% and concentrate 76.25%. The cost per kg of weight gain was similar between steers and young steers FW (R

Oat, triticale and rye in mixture with ryegrass: 2. Animal productivity and economic return

1.29/kg) and greater than young steers FBCS (R

Características da carcaça de novilhos de gerações avançadas do cruzamento alternado entre as raças Charolês e Nelore, terminados em confinamento

1.18/kg). Total and monthly profitabilities were, respectively, 25.79 and 4.19% for steers and 26.19 and 2.68% for young steers (FW) and 28.11 and 3.60% for young steers (FBCS) showing that reduction of the feeding period of feedlot beef steers increases profitability. Among genetic groups, 5/8CH 3/8NE animals showed higher total net income as well as total and monthly profitabilities compared to 5/8NE 3/8CH.

Suplementação energética na recria de bezerras de corte mantidas em pastagem de inverno

ABSTRACT - The experiment was conducted to evaluate the animal production and the economic result of the mixtures of oat + ryegrass (MOR), triticale + ryegrass (MTR), rye + ryegrass (MRR) in continuous grazing. Beef heifers with seven months of age and initial 140 kg LW were used. The sowing was broadcast at 04/12/96, using 85 kg/ha of oat, 170 kg/ha of triticale, 140 kg/ha of rye and 30 kg/ha of ryegrass, in the respective mixtures. The area was fertilized with 200 kg/ha of 05-20-20 and the nitrogen fertilization was of 220 kg/ha of nitrogen. The grazing period was from 05/21/96 to 11/19/96 in the MOR and MRR and from 06/04/96 to 11/19/96 in the MTR. The total dry matter (DM) yield was similar among the mixtures, 9,715, 9,752 and 9,770 kg DM/ha, respectively. There was an interaction between treatment and grazing period for average daily weight gain and stocking rate. The live weight gain/ha was 802.7 kg for MTR, 753.9 kg for MRR and 726.3 kg for MOR. The net income was R

Produção de forragem e retorno econômico da pastagem de aveia e azevém sob pastejo com bezerras de corte submetidas a níveis de suplementação energética

224,76 for MTA, being 27.52 and 15.58% superior, in relation to MOR and MRR, respectively.