Joaquim Geraldo Cáprio da Costa

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de feijoeiro-comum com grãos tipo carioca na Região Central do Brasil

The aim of this work was to test different methods to identify carioca grain type common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes with high adaptability and yield stability for central Brazil. Forty five production trials were carried out with 16 genotypes, in randomized complete block designs with three replications, in the states Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, and the Distrito Federal, in 2003 and 2004. The grain yield data were submitted to analysis of variance and to analysis of stability and adaptability using the methods of Lin & Binns (modified by Carneiro), Annichiarico, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al., and AMMI. The Lin & Binns (modified by Carneiro) and Annichiaricos methods were very useful to the common beans genetic breeding program, because of their easiness of use in separating favorable and unfavorable environments and their identification of stable genotypes among the most productive ones. The cultivar BRS Estilo combined high adaptability, stability, and grain yield in central Brazil. The cultivar Perola, widely utilized in Brazil, also had good stability and adaptability in this region.

Comparação de métodos de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica em feijoeiro-comum

The objective of this work was to compare methods for studying phenotypic adaptability and stability in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Grain yield evaluations were carried out in 71 trials with 16 common bean genotypes, and using six methods. The association among the methods was determined by Spearman correlation. Cruz and Eberhart & Russel methods were highly correlated. Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modified and Annicchiarico methods were also highly correlated. Intermediate correlations were observed between Eberhart & Russel and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) methods. The joint utilization of highly correlated methods is not recommended. Therefore, only one of the methods among Eberhart & Russel, Cruz and AMMI should be used in association with Lin & Binns, Lin & Binns modified or Annicchiarico, since there was no correlation among methods of these two groups. Lin & Binns and Annicchiarico methods are indicated for isolated utilization, because they are simple to use and allow the classification of environments in favorable and unfavorable, and the identification of the most adapted and stable genotypes among the most productive ones.

BRSMG Madrepérola: common bean cultivar with late-darkening Carioca grain

The cultivar BRSMG Madreperola, recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais, has the feature of maintaining a light grain color for a longer period than other Carioca grain cultivars. The yield potential is high and the resistance level good to the major anthracnose races in the region.

Genetic control of Fusarium wilt in common bean

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o controle genetico da resistencia do feijoeiro comum ao patotipo FOP 46 de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e estimar parâmetros geneticos da resistencia a doenca. Em casa de vegetacao, as avaliacoes da resistencia foram conduzidas em familias F2:3 dos cruzamentos Milionario 1732 x Macanudo e FT-Taruma x Macanudo. Os sintomas da doenca foram avaliadas nas plantas aos doze dias apos a inoculacao, atribuindo-se notas que variavam de 1 (plantas sem sintomas) a 9 (plantas totalmente murchas e ou mortas). A analise das frequencias observadas de plantas resistentes e suscetiveis na populacao F2:3 resultantes da autofecundacao das plantas F2 dos cruzamentos Milionario 1732 x Macanudo e FT Taruma x Macanudo, sugeriu um gene efeito maior com acao genica de dominância incompleta. O aparecimento na familia F2:3 de genotipos transgressivos sugere a natureza oligogenica da resistencia da murcha do fusario. As estimativas de herdabilidade e predicao de ganho por selecao foram elevadas em ambos os cruzamentos.

Common bean cultivar BRS Ametista with large Carioca grains and disease resistance

BRS Ametista is a common bean cultivar with Carioca grain and yields similar to cultivar Perola, but with larger grain size, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt. It is recommended for 18 states in all regions of Brazil and can be planted on over 95% of the area used for common bean in the country.

Reaction of common bean cultivars to angular leaf spot in the greenhouse

Twenty-three common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were tested for reaction to angular leaf spot disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola in the greenhouse. All genotypes were tested with monosporic isolates Ig 664 and Ig 669, characterized as pathotypes 63.23 and 63.19, respectively. Fourteen-day-old plants (vegetative stage V3) were inoculated with a suspension containing 2.5 × 104 conidia/mL. This suspension was applied to the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Disease symptoms were evaluated 14 and 18 days after inoculation by using a rating scale varying from 1 (no symptoms) to 9 (> 25% of leaf area with angular leaf spot lesions). Culivars BRS Valente, CNFC 10281, CNFP 10138, BRS Grafite, BRS Requinte, BRS Pontal, MAR 02, Cornell 49-242 and AND 277 showed resistance to both isolates. Cultivars Carioca Rubi, CNFC 9504, CNFC 10150 and Soberano were susceptible to both pathotypes. Pathotype 63.23 was the most virulent. The new resistance sources identified in this work could be used in common bean breeding programs aiming to incorporate resistance to angular leaf spot in new common bean cultivars.

Linhagens de feijoeiro comum com fenótipos agronômicos favoráveis e resistência ao crestamento bacteriano comum e antracnose

Common bacterial blight and anthracnose diseases, incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin, Hoste, Kesters & Swings and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib., respectively, are major constrains for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. The main objective of this work was to obtain lines resistant to common bacterial blight, anthracnose and desirable agronomic characteristics. Thirty five F2 populations from single crosses between lines having resistance to common bacterial blight originated from P. acutifolius A. Gray, with bush plant type lines having lodging and anthracnose resistance, were obtained. Segregating populations from F2 to F5 inoculated in the field with spore suspension of pathotype 89 of C. lindemuthianum at a concentration of 1.2 x 106 conidia/ml, were submitted to negative mass selection. Plants showing score higher than 4 were eliminated. In F5, at harvest time, individual selection was performed to alelorate F6 families. The F6 families were evaluated by inoculation with pathotypes 55, 89, 95 and 453 of C. lindemuthianum. The F7 anthracnose resistant families were inoculated in the greenhouse by clipping the primary leaves with scissors dipped in a bacterial suspension of 5 x 107 cfu/ml of XpCNF 15 isolate of X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli. Resistant lines were evaluated in four yield trials. Seventeen high yielding non lodging lines, resistant to common bacterial blight and anthracnose with upright plant type were selected.

BRS Esteio: common bean cultivar with black grain, high yield potential and moderate resistance to anthracnose

BRS Esteio is a common bean cultivar with black grains of excellent cooking quality, suited for cultivation in 21 Brazilian States. In 77 trials of Value for Cultivation and Use, the cultivar had a normal cycle (90 days), an average yield of 2,529 kg ha-1, which is 8.1% higher than that of the control cultivars, a high yield potential (4,702 kg ha-1), upright growth, tolerance to lodging, and moderate resistance to anthracnose.

Genotype by environment interaction for disease resistance and other important agronomic traits supporting the indication of common bean cultivars

The present work aimed to study the genotype by environment interaction for nine important agronomic traits as a support for the indication of common bean cultivars for the Southern region of Brazil, identifying cultivars that possess high adaptability/stability. We carried out 25 field trials, in the rainy and dry sowing seasons, at different locals in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, from 2008 to 2010. The trials included 17 cultivars. Data were obtained for agronomic traits and subjected to variance analyses, and to adaptability and stability analyses according to the Nunes method. The genotype by environment interaction is important for different agronomic traits. There is genetic variation among cultivars and it was identified a different number of superior cultivars for each trait. Considering the means and adaptability and stability scores, 88% of the cultivars were superior for rust, 53% for anthracnose, 41% for grain yield, plant architecture and cycle, 30% for fusarium wilt and lodging, and 18% for angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight. For some of these traits, like angular leaf spot, common bacterial blight, fusarium wilt and lodging, it is necessary to intensify the efforts to provide more cultivars with high resistance or tolerance level, adaptability and stability. BRS Esplendor, a black-seeded cultivar, CNFC 10431 and BRS Sublime, both carioca-seeded cultivars, presented superiority for six of nine traits, being indicated to be used in the Southern region of Brazil. Other cultivars presented advantages for fewer traits and must be used in environments which these traits present greater importance.

Comparison of inoculation methods for selecting common bean genotypes with physiological resistance to white mold

A bstractAlthough different methods of inoculation have been proposed to assess the reaction of common bean to white mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a thorough comparison among them is lacking. In this study, six approaches were tested to identify the most reproducible and efficient method for discriminating six common bean genotypes of carioca market class based on their resistance to white mold. These included: modified straw test (ST), cotton pad (CP), infected flower on intact plant (IFIP) or on detached leaf (IFDL), and mycelium disc on intact plant (MDIP) or on detached leaf (MDDL). All experiments were conducted in a greenhouse or laboratory in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Several statistics including coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), p value for Bartlett’s test for homoscedasticity and sensitivity ratio (SR) were used as criteria for discrimination. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to test the association between the methods. Results showed ST as the most suitable for selecting WM-resistant genotypes, followed by the IFIP method.