Joilmaro Rodrigo Pereira Rosa

Qualidade e composição química da carne de bovinos de corte inteiros ou castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos Charolês x Nelore

Seventy beef males of three breeding systems (BS), straightbreds Charolais (Ch) and Nellore (Ne), G1 crossbreds: 1/2 Ch + 1/2 Ne (1/2 Ch) and 1/2 Ne + 1/2 Ch (1/2 Ne) and G2 crossbreds: 3/4 Ch + 1/4 Ne (3/4 Ch) and 3/4 Ne + 1/4 Ch (3/4 Ne) were used. The number of animals by genetic group was, respectively, 15, 12, 8, 12, 14 and 9. Thirty-five males were castrated (C) at seven months and 35 were kept intact (I). The animals were feedlot finished from 20 to 24 months. The longissimus dorsi muscle was used for the meat evaluation. No significant interaction was observed between genetic composition and sexual condition, for the variables studied. The I males displayed meat with darker color (3.05 vs. 3.78 points) with less amount of marbling (4.26 vs. 5.75 points) and less amount of ether extract (1.73 vs. 2.88%). However they presented larger (66.03 vs. 60.50 cm2) longissimus dorsi area and meat with better palatability, juiciness and tenderness. Ch animals had larger longissimus dorsi than the Ne. In the G1 group, the 1/2 Ch meat showed larger amount of marbling and ether extract and less cooking losses than the 1/2 Ne meat. Between G2 animals, the 3/4 Ne showed meat with larger thawing losses and larger amount of ether extract. In G1 animals meat, the heterosis level reached 18.54% for longissimus dorsi area, 28.10% for ether extract and 64.01% for amount of marbling. In G2, the heterosis was -17.30% for lean texture and 10.40% for longissimus dorsi area.

Desempenho na fase de crescimento de machos bovinos inteiros ou castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos

ABSTRACT - The objective of the experiment was to evaluate, during the growth phase, the dry matter intake, weight gain and feed to gainconversion of young bulls and steers, castrated at eight month, from two breeding systems, straightbred (Charolais - C and Nell ore - N) and crossbred( 1 / 2 CN, 1 / 2 NC), as well as to measure the resulting heterosis. The animals were confined from nine to twelve months and fed a 15% crude p roteindiet and a 70:30 forage to concentrate ratio. There was no difference between bulls and steers for dry matter intake (DMI) in k g/animal.day (DMID),DMI per unit of metabolic weight (DMIM) and DMI per 100 kg of live weight (DMIP). The bulls showed a 13,7% higher average daily weightgain (ADG) and were more efficient in the feed to gain conversion (4.66 vs 4.99 kg of DMI/kg of gain) than the steers. The effe ct of castrationon the weight gain was more pronounced in calves sired by C bulls (1.00 vs 1.19 kg) than in calves sired by N bulls (.91 vs .97 kg). The F1 animalsshowed higher ADG than the average of the straightbreds, resulting in 9.28% heterosis. The C calves presented higher DMID and A DG than theN. However, DMIM and DMIP were similar between the two straightbred groups. The F1

Terminação em Confinamento de Vacas e Novilhas sob Dietas com ou sem Monensina Sódica

Feedlot parameters of two categories of cull females, cows and heifers, fed two diets, with and without monensin, were studied. The daily amount of monensin supplied was 150 mg/animal. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 65:35. The roughage used was sorghum silage. The inclusion of monensin to the diet caused a significant reduction of the daily voluntary dry matter intake (DDMI), which was more pronounced for the cows (9.1%) than for the heifers (1.7%). The animal category x diet interaction affected significantly the average daily weight gain (ADG). Monensin caused a slight increase in heifers ADG (1.92 vs 1.86 kg) while for the cows it reduced the ADG (1.56 vs 1.74 kg). Feed:gain ratio (DDMI/ADG) was not affected by monensin. Cows showed a higher DDMI than the heifers. However when DDMI was expressed per 100 kg of live weight and per unit of metabolic weight the difference disappeared. Heifers were more efficient than cows in converting feed into weight gain (6.40 vs 8.28 kg of DM/kg of live weight gain). The cost of feed per quilogram of live weight gain was R

Energy supplementation for finishing cull cows of different ages on cultived winter pasture under temporary grazing

.66 and .69 for the heifers, and .84 and .74 for the cows, respectively, for the diets that included or not monensin.

Grão de aveia preta em substituição ao grão de sorgo para alimentação de novilhos na fase de terminação

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of energy supplementation on the performance of finishing cull cows under temporary grazing on triticale plus ryegrass. The energy supplement was ground sorghum in the levels of 0, .3, .6 and .9% of the live weight. Forty Charolais cull cows were divided in age classes and randomly distributed on the supplementation levels. No interaction was observed between age of the cow and supplementation level. The increase of supplementation level did not affect the average daily weight gain (ADG), which was 1.483, 1.437, 1.476 and 1.510 kg for the levels from 0 to .9%, respectively. The results showed that the pasture supplied the nutrients for the animals express the maximum potential for weight gain. The final body condition linearly increased as the supplementation level increased. The ADG was higher for the four year old cows (1.608 kg), linearly declining with the increase of age, reaching 1.333 kg for the cows above nine years old. Body condition showed a quadratic relation with age, improving up to seven/eight years and declining afterward.

Manipulação do Corte do Sorgo (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) para Confecção de Silagem, Visando a Produção do Novilho Superprecoce

The effect of four levels (0; 33; 66 and 100%) of substitution of sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by oats grain (Avena strigosa) in the concentrate of diets for feedlot finishing steers, was studied. Steers (19 months old and initial weight of 381 kg) were fed a diet containing 60% roughage and 40% concentrate, formulated for ADG of 1.2 kg/animal. During the adaptation period of seven days and in the first half of the experimental period (35 days) the roughage used was sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) For the second half of the experimental period (32 days), the roughage used was corn silage (Zea mays). During the adaptation period, the diets with higher levels of oats promoted better animal performance, however, during the experimental period, the increase of oats proportion in the concentrate in substitution to sorghum grain resulted in a linear decrease of live weight gain (1.292; 1.251; 1.217 and 1.051 kg, respectively, for 0; 33; 66 and 100% of oats), as well as linear increase in the amount of feed consumed per kg of live weight gain (7.911; 8.000; 8.220 and 9.212, respectively). The decrease in live weight gain as the level of oats increased, was associated with the higher concentration of NDF (29.3 vs 16.1%) and lower concentration of digestible energy (3.179 vs 3.590 Mcal/kg) of oats compared to sorghum, which limited the dry matter intake and digestible energy intake/animal/day. The use of a roughage with better quality during the last half of the finishing period, provided uniformity of weight gain during the whole feedlot period, as a result of higher dry matter intake and digestible energy intake.The effect of four levels (0; 33; 66 and 100%) of substitution of sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by oats grain (Avena strigosa) in the concentrate of diets for feedlot finishing steers, was studied. Steers (19 months old and initial weight of 381 kg) were fed a diet containing 60% roughage and 40% concentrate, formulated for ADG of 1.2 kg/animal. During the adaptation period of seven days and in the first half of the experimental period (35 days) the roughage used was sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) For the second half of the experimental period (32 days), the roughage used was corn silage (Zea mays). During the adaptation period, the diets with higher levels of oats promoted better animal performance, however, during the experimental period, the increase of oats proportion in the concentrate in substitution to sorghum grain resulted in a linear decrease of live weight gain (1.292; 1.251; 1.217 and 1.051 kg, respectively, for 0; 33; 66 and 100% of oats), as well as linear increase in the amount of feed consumed per kg of live weight gain (7.911; 8.000; 8.220 and 9.212, respectively). The decrease in live weight gain as the level of oats increased, was associated with the higher concentration of NDF (29.3 vs 16.1%) and lower concentration of digestible energy (3.179 vs 3.590 Mcal/kg) of oats compared to sorghum, which limited the dry matter intake and digestible energy intake/animal/day. The use of a roughage with better quality during the last half of the finishing period, provided uniformity of weight gain during the whole feedlot period, as a result of higher dry matter intake and digestible energy intake.

Características da carcaça e do corpo vazio de bovinos Charolês de diferentes categorias abatidos com similar grau de acabamento

The experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the parameters of dry matter intake, weight gain, feed conversion and energy efficiency of young feedlot steers, fed with two diets that included the AG-2006 sorghum silage harvested with different cutting heights: low cut (14 cm) and high cut (45 cm). Twelve Braford calves with an average age of seven months and average live weight of 208 kg, were used. The feedlot period was 126 days, divided in two period of the 63 days. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 60:40 during the first period and 50:50 during the second period. Silage produced with the higher cut showed lower NDF content (42.57 vs 52.24%) and higher IVOMD (63.67 vs 53.59%). No significant interaction was observed between roughage source and feedlot evaluation period for the consumption of dry matter (DMI) and digestible energy (CDE), expressed in their different forms, for average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Raising the cutting height from 14 to 45 cm during silage processing, did not affect the DMI (7.60 vs 7.70 kg/day), the CDE (21.62 vs 23.83 Mcal/day), the ADG (1.233 vs 1.375 kg) and the FE (17.53 vs 17.31 Mcal/kg of LW). Steers fed with silage obtained from the 45 cm cutting height were more efficient in converting dry matter intake into weight gain (5.60 vs 6.17 kg of DM/kg LW).

Análise conjunta de indicadores na viabilidade econômica do confinamento de novilhos recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de concentrado

The carcass characteristics and empty body of Charolais steers n=9, cull heifers n= 10, and cull cows n=10, feedlot finished with similar subcutaneous fat thickness were evaluated. The slaughter weight and empty body weight (EBW) were similar between steers (480.2 and 417.4kg) and cows (516.2 and 405.8kg), which were higher than for heifers (368.3 and 306.1kg). Hot carcass dressing was significantly different among categories, being 57.2, 53.3 and 50.5%, respectively, for steers, heifers and cows. When carcass dressing was expressed in relation to EBW the differences became smaller among categories, being significant only between steers and heifers. The digestive tract content of cows was 34 and 45% higher than for steers and heifers, respectively, being correlated (P<0.05) with slaughter weight (r=0.66) and hot carcass dressing (r=-0.41). Hot carcass weight was similar for steers (274.9kg) and cows (260.8kg), both superior to heifers (196.4kg). Carcass length was higher for cows, intermediate for steers and lower for heifers. The Longissimus dorsi area was smaller for heifers. Steers showed better carcass conformation score than females, which did not differ between themselves.

Características da Carcaça e da Carne de Novilhos e de Vacas de Descarte Hereford, Terminados em Confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability, through the joint analysis of financial indicators expressed by animal, of the Aberdeen Angus steers feedlot finished fed diets with different levels of concentrate (CL): 25, 40, 55 or 70% (on dry matter basis). Consecutive historical quotes of years 2003 to 2014 were considered. Univariate analysis was characterized by a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications, proceeding regression analysis. Multivariate analysis consisted of grouping (cluster). The univariate analysis showed similarity to the financial indicators with averages to gross margin of R

Risk analysis of the economic viability of feedlot aberdeen angus steers fed with different proportions of concentrate

173.21; net margin of R