Jorge Luiz Mariano da Silva

Pobreza e distribuição de renda em áreas rurais: uma abordagem de inferência

The work develops applications of methodologies for the estimation of poverty indexes and income distribution in rural areas, being considered the sample errors of the National Survey for Household Sampling - PNADs. Are obtained estimates with confidence intervals for several indicators and for several rural areas of Brazil and stressed the areas where it was observed significant alterations in the poor proportion, poverty intensity and income distribution in the period 1995- 2001. The results of the estimates point for the occurrence of significant and positive variation in the poverty indicators in States of Sao Paulo, Pernambuco, Alagoas and significant fall of the same indicators in Ceara, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Goias. A significant fall was verified in the same period in the income concentration of the rural areas of Tocantins, Piaui, Paraiba, rural metropolitan area, rural Northeast area, rural metropolitan Northeast area and rural metropolitan South area and in the states of Sao Paulo, Parana and Ceara, a significant elevation of the value of Gini index was verified. With base in calculated values of poverty elasticities was possible to establish an evaluation of the rural areas of the country in terms of combat effectiveness to the poverty based on growth and distributives policies.

Programa bolsa família e o nordeste: impactos na renda e na educação, nos anos de 2004 e 2006

Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar o impacto do Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) para as familias do Nordeste brasileiro, sobre suas principais metas: o alivio imediato da pobreza/desigualdade de renda e a frequencia escolar. Para tanto, utilizou os microdados da PNAD, nos anos de 2004 e 2006. Visando a expurgar possivel vies de selecao apontado por Heckman et al. (1998), aplica-se a metodologia de Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Ademais, foi calculado o indice Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) para verificar se ha menos domicilios abaixo da linha de pobreza, bem como se a desigualdade entre os pobres diminui. Os resultados apontam para um efeito positivo na renda dos tratados, no entanto o impacto exercido sobre a frequencia escolar para as familias beneficiadas, diferentemente do que acontece com as elegiveis, e maior do que o efeito anteriormente reportado.

Eficiência e desempenho no ensino superior: uma análise da fronteira de produção educacional das IFES brasileiras

The objective of this study is to measure the educational efficiency of higher education in Brazil, in the period between 2004 and 2008, focusing on the Federal Institutions of Higher Education (FIHE). To achieve this purpose, educational efficiency scores were measured by a DEA-SBM analysis. Indicators of educational management of the institutions were considered, observing them in two subsets: group A containing twenty eight institutions and group B with twenty one. The results indicate higher rates of educational efficiency in the periods designated for this research. The causes of inefficiency in educational production at the FIHEs vary according to the two groups analyzed: for the majority of FIHEs in group A, the high number of students per professor and the increase in cost per student were causes of inefficiency; in group B the factors that most compromised efficiency were the high number of students per professor and staff, as well as the qualification index of the faculty. Moreover, the low rate of success in undergraduate courses and the CAPES-MEC ranking of graduate courses, represented inefficiency factors in the FIHEs.

Eficiência, gestão e meio ambiente na carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte

This paper investigates shrimp small and median farms performance in Rio Grande do Norte in two steps. First, technical efficiency was estimated by nonparametric production frontiers, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH). As a second stage, after DEA and FDH analysis, the degree of inefficiency was explained by a statistical Tobit model, in terms of managerial indicators and localization. Average efficiencies were bigger for the extensive and semi-intensive production system. The results indicated that some managerial practices did not reduce the inefficiency. The localization affected inefficiency: producers within estuaries associated with the emissions of small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus were efficient, i.e., a best use of inputs can reduce environmental impacts.

Exportações do Rio Grande do Norte: estrutura, vantagens comparativas e comércio intra-indústrial

The objective of the present paper is to examine the behavior and the structure of the export sector of the economy of Rio Grande do Norte from 1996 to 2006, and to identify the products of revealed comparative advantage. The paper also seeks to measure levels of export concentration of products and destination markets, types of trade, and export sectors that show strength. To achieve the objectives of the paper, the intra-industry indices of GRUBEL AND LLOYD (1975) and the indices of revealed comparative advantage of BALASSA (1965) e LAURSEN (1998) were used. The indexes of product concentration and export destination were obtained through the Gini-Hirchmna coefficient. The data was taken from the ALICEWEB system of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade – MDIC. The results revealed a high concentration of few primary products and destination markets, along with weak participation in the export of manufactured products. The study points out that the international trade of the State of Rio Grande do Norte is basically inter-industrial; that is, it exports primary products and imports manufactured products, characteristic of the Herckscher-Ohlin trade type. Among the group of products with intraindustrial trade, the cotton group stands out, showing the importance of the textile sector in the state’s economy.

Avaliação empírica do emprego formal agropecuário na região Centro-Oeste no período de 2000 a 2008

The mechanization process of agriculture in Brazil has caused changes in the production and in the world of rural work in the country. On one hand there are high productivities, and on the other hand, there is a low level of formal employment. Accordingly, this article aims to analyze the agricultural employment generation features in Midwest region between 2000 and 2008, in the circumstances of this sector’s productive process. The data are from the Annual Social Information List (RAIS) and the General Register of Employed and Unemployed (CAGED), both of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). It is suggested that the advent of technology in rural areas has turned the employment conditions worse in agricultural sector in Midwest region by showing a decrease in the relative participation of this activity when it is compared to other sectors, especially services and commerce, and middle-income decreasing between 2000 and 2008. In terms of profile, in 2008, the jobs created were primarily for unskilled male labor force, consisting of occupied up to 29 years, the majority earning at most 2 wages, working on micro sized companies with opportunities especially for the more educated. Key words: agriculture, mechanization, balance slots, Mid-West.