José Emílio Bettiol Neto

Enraizamento de diferentes tipos de estacas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) utilizando ácido indolbutírico

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia do numero de pares de folhas e testar o efeito de diferentes concentracoes de AIB (acido indolbutirico) no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de oliveira. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4 x 3, sendo quatro concentracoes de AIB (0, 1000, 2000, e 3000 mg L-1) e tres tipos de estacas (sem folhas, com um par de folhas e com dois pares de folhas). As estacas foram padronizadas com 12 cm de comprimento. Apos o preparo inicial, as estacas foram imersas nas solucoes de AIB por cinco segundos e, em seguida, colocadas em bandejas de polipropileno contendo o substrato Plantmax® e transportadas para casa-de-vegetacao, com umidade e temperatura controladas, onde permaneceram por 90 dias. As variaveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e brotadas, numero de folhas, brotos e raizes emitidas por estaca e com primento medio das brotacoes e das raizes. O AIB apenas promoveu influencia ao sistema radicular; a concentracao de 2000 mg L-1 de AIB promoveu maior enraizamento e a concentracao de 3000 mg L-1 de AIB em estacas com dois pares de folhas promoveu melhores resultados para numero de raizes por estacas e comprimento medio das raizes; estacas ausentes de folhas favoreceram maior brotacao nas estacas.

Caracterização dos estágios fenológicos em sete cultivares e seleções de nogueira-macadâmia

The knowledge of phenological stages and nut development of macadamia trees is essential for the adequate management of the plant, aiming pollination studies and controlled crossing between cultivars, needed in breeding programs. The phenological temporal patterns of seven macadamia cultivars selected at the Instituto Agronomico (IAC) were researched in the collection of cultivars. Small variations were verified among the initial phenological stages, from emission of the racemes up to the swollen flower bud stage. The complete cycle, from the flower bud emission to the fruit dropping took 253 days. The phenological stages - mature fruits and fruit dropping - occurred from the second tenth of February to the end of March.

Evolution and perspective of the temperate fruit crops in São Paulo state, Brazil

This work was carried out to show the current situation of the temperate fruit crops in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, with an emphasis on grapes, peaches, apples, plums, nectarines and pears crops. Current economic data of crops, major growing regions, main cultivars produced, as well as the new technologies generated by research are presented. Regarding the grape crop, a decrease in the national production as well as in the major growing states was observed. The main grapes growing centers in Sao Paulo state are presented, highlighting its peculiarities regarding cultivars, cultural crop management and current researches. A trend has been observed toward increasing Niagara Rosada grape growing area rather than the fine table grape cultivars. It was also observed the adoption of cultural practices, aiming to increase productivity, to improve the fruits quality and to reduce manpower necessity. In terms of stone fruits, peaches are the most widely cultivated in Sao Paulo state, followed by plums and nectarines. Both for stone fruits crop and for apples and pears crops, statistics and comments are presented on the crops evolution as well as the current researches results and the requirements of these fruit crops in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.

Enraizamento de estacas dos porta-enxertos Araticum-de-Terra-Fria (Rollinia sp.) e Araticum-Mirim (Rollinia emarginata Schltdl.) para anonáceas

The objective of the present research to verify the was influence of the indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of cutting of araticum-de-terra-fria and araticum-mirim. Semi hardwood cuttings standardized with 15 cm of length, one pair of leaves and diameter of 0,4-0,5 cm, were treated with different concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1) for five seconds and later on placed in trays of polypropylene of 72 cells (120 cm3), containing as substrate vermiculita, being transferred to a camera of intermittent nebulization. After 60 days, the alive cutting, callous, rooting and sprouting percentages, and also, the number of rootses emitted by cutting were evaluated. The araticum-de-terra-fria promoted better results for all the analyzed variables, in comparison to araticum-mirim. IBA just influenced the callous, rooting and sprouting percentage for the araticum-de-terra-fria. Growing concentrations of IBA increased the callous and rooting percentage to the values of 89 and 56.4%, respectively, but on the other hand, they lineally decreased sprouting percentage.

Estimativa das necessidades nutricionais de bananeiras do subgrupo Cavendish cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo

Fertilizer recommendations for banana take into consideration the accumulation of nutrients in plants and the amount removed in the bunches, among other factors. Nutrient contents accumulated in plants and removed by bunches of Cavendish bananas in the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) were assessed from a data bank of nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in bunches (fruits+peduncle) and bunch weight with 293 samples. Data bank comprises information from plants of Grand Naine and Giant Cavendish cultivars growing in irrigated and non-irrigated areas, with different sources and rates of fertilizers during seven crop cycles. This data came from fertilization experiments accomplished at Planalto Paulista and at the Vale do Ribeira. Potassium was the nutrient most removed by the bunches (182 kg ha 1) followed by N (68 kg ha 1), Mg (10 kg ha 1), P (8 kg ha 1), Ca (6 kg ha 1), S (3 kg ha 1), Mn (191 g ha 1), Fe (147 g ha 1), B (89 g ha 1), Zn (68 g ha 1), and Cu (25 g ha 1) for an average bunch yield of 40 t ha-1. Fertilizer recommendations for banana in the State of Sao Paulo underestimate K requirements for plant establishing. The recommended rates of N are higher than N removal by bunches. The recommendation of P fertilizer is in accordance with plant requirements.

Potencial produtivo de novas seleções de nespereiras

ABSTRACT The yield of the loquat tree selections ( Eriobotryajaponica ) IAC 263-49, IAC 363-27, IAC 264-54, IAC 464-9,IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66, IAC 966-23, IAC 167-1, IAC 677-13,IAC 967-5, IAC 1367-43, IAC 1367-46, IAC 1467-12, IAC1467-25, IAC 1467-170, IAC 1467-177, IAC 1467-296, IAC1467-301, IAC NE-3, IAC KM-6 and ‘Mizuho’ were evaluated,in Jundiai city, SP, Brazil. The seedlings growing on cultivar‘Mizumo’ rootstocks were planted at field in a randomizedblocks design. From the third to seventh year after planting thefruits number and fresh weight, the total yield per plant and theproductivity were evaluated, besides the calculation of theaverage of the quadriennium. The IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66 andIAC 677-13 selections showed the highest productions andthey are promising for the diversification of the loquat treecultivation. Key words: Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., loquat, fruit quality. INTRODUCAO O cultivo de nesperas ( Eriobotryajaponica ) vem se intensificando no mundo, em especialnos paises europeus localizados na regiao domediterrâneo e no Brasil, pela excelente qualidadeorganoleptica de seus frutos, pela baixa necessidadede aplicacoes sistematicas de defensivos agricolas,frente aos minimos problemas fitossanitarios, e pelaexcelente fonte de renda, em razao do crescenteconsumo nos ultimos anos (PIO et al., 2008).O aumento do consumo de nesperas estarelacionado principalmente ao sabor peculiar dos seusfrutos, bem como as suas caracteristicas nutraceuticas.As nesperas sao ricas em acido galacturonico, malicoe fumarico (FEMENIA et al., 1998), flavonoides,carotenoides e outros e compostos antioxidantes,localizados nas casca e na polpa dos frutos (KOBA etal., 2007; FARIA et al., 2009; FERRERES et al., 2009).Alem disso, possui elevada concentracao de pectina

Enraizamento de estacas apicais de figueira Roxo de Valinhos submetidas à estratificação a frio úmido e AIB

Na producao de mudas de figueira a utilizacao de estacas apicais de menor comprimento pode facilitar o manejo no viveiro, entretanto ainda nao foram definidos os protocolos para enraizamento desse tipo de estaca. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a acao da estratificacao a frio umido e do tratamento com AIB na rizogenese de estacas apicais de figueira Roxo de Valinhos. As estacas foram coletadas da porcao apical dos ramos no final do periodo hibernal (julho) e padronizadas com 20 cm de comprimento e diâmetro aproximado de 0,7 cm. As estacas foram estratificadas (estacas embrulhadas em jornal umedecido e protegidas com saco plastico a temperatura de 4 oC, em câmara tipo BOD) por diferentes periodos (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias) e, posteriormente, tratadas e nao tratadas com 2.000 mg L-1 de AIB por 10 segundos. Em seguida, as estacas foram enterradas em leito de areia umedecido sob telado constituido de tela de polipropileno preta (sombreamento de 50%). Passados 60 dias de cada periodo de estratificacao, foram mensuradas a percentagem de estacas enraizadas, a percentagem de estacas brotadas e o numero medio de brotacoes e de raizes por estaca. Conclue-se que as estacas apicais de figueira Roxo de Valinhos estratificadas a frio umido por 30 dias e posteriormente tratadas com 2.000 mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram maior potencial de rizogenese.

Production of news selections of loquat tree

ABSTRACT The yield of the loquat tree selections ( Eriobotryajaponica ) IAC 263-49, IAC 363-27, IAC 264-54, IAC 464-9,IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66, IAC 966-23, IAC 167-1, IAC 677-13,IAC 967-5, IAC 1367-43, IAC 1367-46, IAC 1467-12, IAC1467-25, IAC 1467-170, IAC 1467-177, IAC 1467-296, IAC1467-301, IAC NE-3, IAC KM-6 and ‘Mizuho’ were evaluated,in Jundiai city, SP, Brazil. The seedlings growing on cultivar‘Mizumo’ rootstocks were planted at field in a randomizedblocks design. From the third to seventh year after planting thefruits number and fresh weight, the total yield per plant and theproductivity were evaluated, besides the calculation of theaverage of the quadriennium. The IAC 165-9, IAC 265-66 andIAC 677-13 selections showed the highest productions andthey are promising for the diversification of the loquat treecultivation. Key words: Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., loquat, fruit quality. INTRODUCAO O cultivo de nesperas ( Eriobotryajaponica ) vem se intensificando no mundo, em especialnos paises europeus localizados na regiao domediterrâneo e no Brasil, pela excelente qualidadeorganoleptica de seus frutos, pela baixa necessidadede aplicacoes sistematicas de defensivos agricolas,frente aos minimos problemas fitossanitarios, e pelaexcelente fonte de renda, em razao do crescenteconsumo nos ultimos anos (PIO et al., 2008).O aumento do consumo de nesperas estarelacionado principalmente ao sabor peculiar dos seusfrutos, bem como as suas caracteristicas nutraceuticas.As nesperas sao ricas em acido galacturonico, malicoe fumarico (FEMENIA et al., 1998), flavonoides,carotenoides e outros e compostos antioxidantes,localizados nas casca e na polpa dos frutos (KOBA etal., 2007; FARIA et al., 2009; FERRERES et al., 2009).Alem disso, possui elevada concentracao de pectina