José Júlio Gavião de Almeida

ENSINO DAS LUTAS: DOS PRINCÍPIOS CONDICIONAIS AOS GRUPOS SITUACIONAIS

This study sought to classify and identify common principles in the Martial Arts teaching. For that, we used semi structured interviews, with teachers and masters in different modalities. After the Contend Analysis of the data we realized that the Martial Arts have conditional principles (intentional contact, attack/defense fusion, opponent/target, unpredictability and rules) determinant for the understanding and reading of any combat’s internal dynamic. So we could classify the Martial Arts based on common and transferable denominators (situational groups) which can be taught before the specialized practice, looking forward to the students global development, not only the isolated repetition of the technical moves.

O dom de jogar bola

This paper aims at investigating how being gifted, as a category for classifying football players, interacts with the sociocultural construction of the sporting phenomenon. The category and its meanings were analyzed in relation to magic and faith, since the Brazilian football environment is very superstitious. Football players and fans and also the press usually attribute success and failure in the sport to being gifted. The symbolic efficacy of the natural ability is validated as it is accepted and conveyed by its own creators and consumers as a magical fact. That sense causes them to signify the rich Brazilian context of learning how to play football as a matter of luck: players are either gifted or non-gifted.

Os processos auto-organizacionais do goalball

El goalball es un deporto de equipo inventado para personas con discapacidad visual, y a la base del tacto y audicion. Partiendo de las contribuciones de las teorias sistemicas y entendiendo los equipos y el juego como sistemas, objetivamos interpretar los patrones y procesos organizacionales de la modalidad. Para ello, observamos veinte partidos de los Juegos Paralimpicos 2008. Distinguimos el ciclo autoorganizacional de los equipos como un proceso recursivo atractor de sus con?guraciones. El historico de las relaciones entre las dimensiones opuestas de los equipos representa el juego. Terminada la interaccion termina el juego, permaneciendo su registro, que actuara recursivamente en las futuras preparaciones de los equipos, lo que proporciona nuevos procesos generadores de nuevos productos, en un ciclo cuya la causa y el efecto, el proceso y el producto se interconectan.

A MEDIAÇÃO CULTURAL NO FUTEBOL PARA CEGOS

Este artigo descreve e analisa os contextos e personagens responsaveis pelo desenvolvimento do futebol para cegos no Brasil. Foram entrevistados jogadores e treinadores da modalidade. O tratamento e analise dos dados pela Analise de Enunciacao destacou nove categorias/indicadores. A inferencia dos dados evidenciou o ciclo de mediacao cultural, influenciado pelo fenomeno futebol e protagonizado pelos seguintes personagens:jogadores de futebol, familia, professor/tecnico, amigos e jogadores de futebol para cegos. Tais personagens interagem nos conseguintes contextos para a mediacao da aprendizagem da modalidade: instituto/entidade, eventos (paradesporto), selecao brasileira da modalidade e faculdades de educacao fisica.

A variação da acuidade visual durante esforços físicos em atletas com baixa visão, participantes de seleção brasileira de atletismo

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: This study had as an objective to evaluate the visual acuity behavior in athletes with low vision, during a continuous effort protocol. Researches point out that visual acuity presents performance varieties when submitted to physical efforts in subjects without visual impairment. METHOD: The studied population was composed by six peoples, who practiced athletics and were part of the Brazilian team in track events. The progressive physical effort test was applied on the first day in a treadmill. On the second day the continuous effort test was applied, which was divided in three levels, each one had a 15 and 30 minutes break between them. To determine the intensities, the results obtained in the progressive physical effort test (60% of VE peak, limiar VE and 90% VE peak) were used. The visual acuity was measured before, during and after each level of intensity in the continuous effort protocol. The t Student test was used for statistics analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The visual acuity presented a decrease in the three levels of effort in its performance. The variety between the initial static visual acuity measure results and the measurement of the same variable in the end of the running phase was 44.5% in the first level, 52.5% in the second and 60% in the third level. The results presented higher degradation of the visual component during the dynamic measurements. The recuperation phases, which succeeded the most intense levels of effort, had the results of the visual acuity, after the deficit found during the exercise. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred that in this specific population there is a decrease in the visual acuity during the effort. This fact implies on the necessity of the visual sportive classification being directed to evaluate the visual functionality of each athlete with low vision during the physical effort, since these varieties can occur during it.

A LEITURA DE JOGO NO FUTEBOL PARA CEGOS

Este estudo objetiva descrever e analisar as estrategias dos jogadores na leitura de jogo no futebol para cegos. Utilizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a jogadores e treinadores da modalidade. Apos a transcricao recorremos a Analise de Enunciacao, tecnica da Analise de Conteudo, para interpretar os temas enunciados nas falas dos entrevistados. As tematicas encontradas (Referencias Sonoras/Cinestesicas, Mapa Mental, Comunicacao, Caracteristicas Jogadores) representam as estrategias utilizadas pelos entrevistados na leitura do jogo, pois permitem a orientacao espacial baseada em pontos de referencia fixos e moveis (jogadores) com recurso as suas potencialidades figuradas nas percepcoes auditivas e cinestesicas.

A AULA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E A INCLUSÃO DA CRIANÇA COM DEFICIÊNCIA: PERSPECTIVA DE PROFESSORES BRASILEIROS

This study analyzed Physical Education teachers’ concept of inclusion and determined positive and negative aspects of inclusion in their classes. Interviews were conducted with 18 Physical Education teachers working in Brazilian public schools. Data collected were examined by content analysis to search for emerging themes. The findings showed that inclusion was understood as participation and learning for all children rather than only for those with disabilities. Team sports were pointed as the main challenge for the inclusion of students with disability. Initial and continuing education programs for teachers need to target effective pedagogical practices to promote inclusion, leading to restructuring Physical Education teachers’ training.Licence Creative Commom Abstract: This study analyzed Physical Education teachers’ concept of inclusion and determined positive and negative aspects of inclusion in their classes. Interviews were conducted with 18 Physical Education teachers working in Brazilian public schools. Data collected were examined by content analysis to search for emerging themes. The findings showed that inclusion was understood as participation and learning for all children rather than only for those with disabilities. Team sports were pointed as the main challenge for the inclusion of students with disability. Initial and continuing education programs for teachers need to target effective pedagogical practices to promote inclusion, leading to restructuring Physical Education teachers’ training.

PSE - PROTAGONIZANDO A PREVENÇÃO DE LESÕES ESPORTIVAS NO FUTEBOL DE 5

O Futebol de 5 é uma modalidade paralímpica exclusiva para cegos ou deficientes visuais. Por serem atletas do alto rendimento torna-se importante monitorar a carga de treino, sendo uma das formas a determinação da PSE (Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço). O objetivo do estudo foi examinar se a distribuição da carga de treino foi adequada para prevenir lesões esportivas de sobrecarga na Seleção Brasileira de Futebol de 5. Como objetivos específicos buscou-se investigar os parâmetros adotados para quantificar as cargas e quais os eventos críticos que predispõem ao desenvolvimento de lesões de sobrecarga neste esporte.

O ENSINO DO JUDÔ DE FORMA INCLUSIVA NO BRASIL

O judo envolvendo pessoas com deficiencia visual e uma modalidade paralimpica que envolve poucas adaptacoes em relacao as regras, apenas aplicam-se algumas para garantir a pratica de forma segura aos praticantes (CERQUEIRA, GOMES e ALMEIDA, 2012). Porem, encontram-se algumas diferencas em relacao ao judo convencional no que tange o processo de ensino e aprendizagem (OLIVEIRA FILHO e ALMEIDA, 2005), e neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de verificar as praticas pedagogicas utilizadas por professores que ensinam de forma inclusiva no ensino do judo para pessoas com deficiencia visual. Para tanto, o estudo caracterizou-se como um survey (THOMAS, NELSON E SILVERMAN, 2012), tendo como instrumento para coleta de dados um questionario elaborado, testado e aplicado pelos pesquisadores. A amostra foi composta por 14 de professores e/ou tecnicos dos atletas participantes da I Etapa do Grand Prix Infraero de Judo para cegos, o principal evento deste âmbito no Brasil, realizada no dia 26 de abril, na cidade de Sao Paulo; destacando-se que estes professores sao de 11 diferentes estados brasileiros. No estudo, percebeu-se que apenas 3 professores nao trabalham de forma inclusiva, ou seja, em instituicoes que atendem somente pessoas com deficiencia visual. Quanto aos 11 professores que ministram aula de judo para pessoas com deficiencia visual juntamente com pessoas sem deficiencia, que sao o foco do presente estudo, apenas 3 relataram pautar-se no auxilio de colegas tutores para o ensino, ainda, 7 declararam que seus discursos a preocupacao em conhecer os seus alunos, identificando os estagios de desenvolvimento motor que se encontram, para que a partir de entao possam elaborar as suas aulas, bem como pensar nas melhores formas de ensinar seus alunos. Assim, percebeu-se que os professores, em sua maioria, preocupam-se com o desenvolvimento global de seus alunos com deficiencia, utilizando-se de metodos de ensino que propiciem maior estimulacao, partindo do conhecimento ja existente e das vivencias motoras ja experimentadas. Espera-se que, com o presente estudo, seja possivel auxiliar e subsidiar a elaboracao das praticas pedagogicas de professores que almejam ensinar o judo a pessoas com deficiencia visual, de forma inclusiva, de modo que, desta maneira ocorre maior socializacao, e consequentemente, a inclusao acontece de forma mais completa.

The Practice of Adapted Wushu in Brazil

The aim of this study is to conduct a survey of the practice of wushu by people with different impairments in academies, associations and federations in Brazil. Twenty one states affiliated to the Brazilian Wushu Kung fu Confederation (BWKC) took part in this study, filling out a questionnaire with qualitative information of the wushu practice by disabled people. Twenty one states affiliated to the BWKC took part in this study, twelve of which presented occurrence of wushu practice by disabled people, representing 57.1%. From a total of thirty two practitioners with disabilities identified in Brazil, the great majority are physical impairment practitioners (40.6%), followed by practitioners with hearing impairment (34.4%), intellectual impairment (18.7%) and those with visual impairment (6.3%). The practice of wushu in Brazil by disabled people is an indicator that martial arts can be practiced by this public, providing the training programs are adjusted to meet different demands.