José Sebastião Cunha Fernandes

Avaliação genética em erva-mate pelo procedimento BLUP individual multivariado sob interação genótipo x ambiente

The objectives of this paper were to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and to predict breeding values for parents and provenances of Ilex paraguariensis. Eight provenances with 164 progenies were evaluated on three sites (Ivai, PR, Guarapuava, PR and Rio Azul, PR) for the trait leaf weight (LW). All the variance components, parameters and breeding values were obtained by REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction) procedure at the indi- vidual level, through multivariate analysis involving the three sites. The individual strict sense herita- bilities for the trait LW were 0.15 in Ivai, 0.62 in Guarapuava and 0.23 in Rio Azul, demanding more sophisticated selection methods in Ivai and Rio Azul. The provenance effect was significant in Ivai and Rio Azul, with intraclass phenotypic correlation of 0.13 in Ivai and 0.09 in Rio Azul. The provenances were more stable across sites than progenies with genetic correlation of 0.95 between the sites Ivai and Rio Azul. Genetic values for all provenances and parents in all sites were predicted for the trait LW. The best provenances are Barao de Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguacu, Cascavel and Ivai.

Avaliação e seleção precoce para crescimento de Pinus taeda

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different methods of selection in growth traits and early selection. Individual total height and stem diameter at 30 cm above the ground in close-spaced early genetic evaluation at 16 months were assessed. In a 84 month sib cohort, as a comparison, height and diameter at breast height were evaluated. Phenotypic and genetic parameters for height and diameter were estimated for 48 open-pollinated families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in Southern Brazil using an individual tree model. In this retrospective study, the indirect selection was of similar effectiveness as direct selection in stem diameter (93%) and less effective in height (78%). The two-stage successive culling process was 16% (height) and 28% (diameter) more efficient than the direct selection. The combined selection enhanced the accuracy of mature selection and increased expected genetic gain for diameter. Selecting 20 parents with the highest breeding values predicted by BLUP, at 16 and 84 months, attained a genetic gain of 7.6% and 8.1% in stem diameter. The strong age-age genetic correlation indicated that diameter was highly correlated to genetic level which implies that growth at 84 months could be improved by early selection of diameter at 16 months. This will provide quicker genetic gains by offering improved seeds earlier.

Populações, matrizes e idade da planta na expressão de variáveis físicas em frutos do pequizeiro

Pequi is a very common tree in Central and Center-East Brazilian territory, known as Cerrado sensu strict, and its fruits are largely appreciated by people that live in these regions. This study was proposed due to the lack of information about environmental and genetic effects on physical attributes expression in pequi fruits. Information on this subject is relevant to favor decisions regarding to domestication and breeding processes of this species. Pequi fruits were collected from populations of Curvelo and Sao Goncalo do Rio Preto, State of Minas Gerais, being 15 mother trees per population. These mother trees were selected based on physical attributes that imply their age, being stem diameter at ground level (SD), the main one. Physical attributes were: fruit Total Weight (FTW); Outer Mesocarp Weight (OMW); Putamen Weight per fruit (PW); Putamen Number per fruit (PN) and Pulp Total Weight per fruit (PLTW). There was a mother tree effect for all attributes evaluated, whereas for populations, there was effect only for PN. Correlations among all variables were positive, being some of them significant. Also, correlations between SD and all other variables were positive and some, significant. Results allow the conclusion of high expected gains through vegetative propagation of mother tree selected by means physical fruit attributes: pulp weight can be selected based on putamen weight; the effect of plant age on fruit physical attributes is null or positive, so the selection can be carried out in youth plants.

Desempenho agronômico e variabilidade genética em genótipos de couve

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of kale genotypes and to estimate the genetic parameters and the correlation between traits of interest for breeding. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with 30 kale genotypes, with three commercial cultivars, from three different companies. It was used four replicates, with five individuals per plot. Variability was significant among genotypes, with predominance of genetic effects over environmental ones, indicating the possibility of obtaining expressive genetic gains in breeding. The most important traits for breeding purposes were: leaf length and width, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, number of shoots, and leaf dry weight. Commercial genotypes showed smaller leaf area, dry leaf mass, plant height, leaf length and width, petiole length, and number of sprouts and commercial leaves.

ESCOLHA DE CARACTERES PARA O MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO EM ERVA-MATE POR MEIO DE TÉCNICAS MULTIVARIADAS

The present study was carried out to estimate some genetic parameters and apply the principal components technique as a support for selection of several traits in erva-mate. Heritability estimates were significant for most of the evaluated traits suggesting possibility of great genetic gains with simple selection techniques. The shaft height trait showed high coefficient of variation, low heritability and low correlation with the other ones. Beside that, this trait showed to have the lowest contribution to the total variation of the data, as demonstrated by principal components, and could be discarded. Plant height and crown diameter, on the other hand, accounted for the most part of the detected variation.

Germinação e Crescimento Inicial Entre Matrizes de Duas Espécies do Gênero Hymenaea

The Hymenaea genus belongs to the family Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinoideae with the common name jatoba. Approximately 25 species have been described in the genus Hymenaea and 13 of them are present in Brazil. Among them we can highlight the species Hymenaea martiana Hayne and Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. In literature, there are several studies dealing mainly the dormancy breakage and the seedling production, mainly with Hymenaea coubaril Linneaus, but these reviews per matrices are incipient. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the germination and seedling growth between species and between matrices of the Hymenaea martiana Hayne and Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. Two experiments were conducted: the first evaluated the germination and the second the seedlings growth. The two species studied showed different behavior between germination and the seedling growth, with Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus showing the greatest average for both variables. However, this did not show phenotypic variability between matrices.

PARTIÇÃO DE BIOMASSA SECA E NUTRIENTE EM MINICEPAS DE EUCALIPTO INFLUENCIADA PELA ADUBAÇÃO NPK

O estado nutricional da planta-matriz e de grande importância para a manutencao do seu vigor vegetativo, o que determina a producao de brotos e tambem os indices de enraizamento e velocidade de formacao das raizes, uma vez que os macronutrientes e os micronutrientes estao envolvidos nos processos bioquimicos e fisiologicos vitais a planta. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da adubacao NPK sobre a particao de biomassa seca e nutriente em minicepa de eucalipto em solucao nutritiva. O trabalho foi realizado de novembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, em casa de vegetacao. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial fracionado (4x4x4)1/2, perfazendo 32 tratamentos com tres repeticoes. Os tratamentos se constituiram de quatro doses dos nutrientes de N (50; 100; 200 e 400 mg L-1) na forma de ureia, P (7,5; 15; 30 e 60 mg L-1) na forma de acido fosforico e K (50; 100; 200 e 400 mg L-1) na forma de cloreto de potassio em solucao nutritiva. Houve efeito significativo apenas para as doses de N isoladamente, para a biomassa seca das miniestacas e biomassa seca da parte aerea e raiz das minicepas com efeito linear decrescente, com o aumento das doses de N. A dose de 50 mg L-1 de N proporcionou maior acumulo de biomassa seca das miniestacas e minicepas. A distribuicao percentual da biomassa seca e dos nutrientes na biomassa seca das miniestacas, parte aerea e raizes das minicepas variou em relacao as doses de N. A extracao de macronutrientes pelas miniestacas de 6 cm na dose de 50 mg L-1 de N seguiu a seguinte ordem decrescente de N > S > P > K > Ca > Mg e micronutrientes de Cu > B > Mn > Fe > Zn.

GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN POPULATIONS OF Caryocar brasiliense Camb. FROM THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRUITS

1 Received on 03.10.2017 accepted for publication on 02.04.2018. 2 Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Diamantina, MGBrasil. E-mail: <santosphr@gmail.com>,<samuelgiordani@gmail.com> ,<blendacalazans@hotmail.com> and <jscf1912@gmail.com>. 3 Instituto Federal Goiano, Departamento de Agronomia, Rio Verde, GOBrasil. E-mail: <fernandohiginolima@gmail.com>. 4 Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Nutrição, Diamantina, MGBrasil. E-mail: <eaesteves@yahoo.com.br>.

Procedências, matrizes e diâmetro do tronco na expressão de variáveis químicas em frutos do pequizeiro - DOI:10.5039/agraria.v10i1a4956

Caryocar brasiliense Camb., popularly known as pequi, is a native tree specie from Cerrado, and cause of its versatility, it has highly importance to social and economical issues to population from that region. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of provenances, mother tree and diameter of the trunk on the expression chemical traits on pequi fruits from two origins in the State of Minas Gerais. Fruits were collected in Curvelo and Sao Goncalo do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais, in a total of five mother trees for each city. They were selected according to characteristics that show their ages, being the main one the stalk diameter at the ground level. Chemical variables evaluated were: humidity, ash, lipids, proteins and total carbohydrates (CHO), pH, total soluble solide (SS) and total titratable acidity (TA). Results indicated that mother tree effects were highly significant to all variables. On the other hand provenances effects were significant only to pH, at 10%, demonstrating that most of the genetic variability is into the provenances. Regarding age effects, estimates of correlation coefficient to lipid, CHO and SS/TA were positive, however, not significant. A selection of mother trees at the field to those variables, independently of diameters, could promote genetic gain on the descendents, if they were obtained by vegetal propagation. To humidity, ash and TA estimates were negative, and no significant.

Germinação e Crescimento Inicial Entre Matrizes de Duas Espécies do Gênero Hymenaea / Germination and Seedling Growth Among Matrices of Two Species of the Genus Hymenaea

The Hymenaea genus belongs to the family Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinoideae with the common name jatoba. Approximately 25 species have been described in the genus Hymenaea and 13 of them are present in Brazil. Among them we can highlight the species Hymenaea martiana Hayne and Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. In literature, there are several studies dealing mainly the dormancy breakage and the seedling production, mainly with Hymenaea coubaril Linneaus, but these reviews per matrices are incipient. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the germination and seedling growth between species and between matrices of the Hymenaea martiana Hayne and Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. Two experiments were conducted: the first evaluated the germination and the second the seedlings growth. The two species studied showed different behavior between germination and the seedling growth, with Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus showing the greatest average for both variables. However, this did not show phenotypic variability between matrices.