Joviana Quintes Avanci

Adaptação transcultural, confiabilidade e validade da escala de resiliência

This study describes the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese and the psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale developed by Wagnild & Young. The scale was adapted for a sample of students from public schools in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data from the pilot study (203 students interviewed at two points in time) and from the entire study (977) are presented. The cross-cultural adaptation showed good results in the semantic equivalence for: general meaning (above 90.0%) and referential meaning (above 85.0%). Chronbach alpha was 0.85 in the pilot study and 0.80 in the total sample. Kappa between the two points in time was regular and moderate, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.746 (p = 0.000). Factorial analysis indicated three non-homogeneous factors. Construct validity demonstrated direct and significant correlation with self-esteem, family supervision, life satisfaction, and social support. There was an inverse correlation with the scale that evaluates psychological violence.

Violência e representação social na adolescência no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associacao entre a representacao que os adolescentes tem de si e a violencia fisica severa, psicologica e sexual que sofrem de pessoas que lhes sao importantes, sobretudo os pais; e analisar a associacao entre a vitimizacao na familia e em outros espacos sociais. METODO: Inquerito epidemiologico com 1 685 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente nas escolas publicas e particulares do Municipio de Sao Goncalo (RJ), Brasil, em 2002. Para aferir cada uma das formas de violencia foram usadas escalas de avaliacao de taticas para lidar com conflito, de abuso e trauma infantil e de violencia psicologica. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 14,6% dos estudantes sofriam violencia fisica severa de pai ou mae; 11,8% testemunharam ou vivenciaram violencia sexual na familia; 48,0% relataram sofrer violencia psicologica de pessoas significativas. Os adolescentes que sofrem essas formas de violencia sao mais frequentemente vitimas de violencia na comunidade e na escola, relatando-se tambem mais transgressores da lei. Em geral, possuem uma representacao positiva de si proprios, embora mencionem atributos negativos com maior frequencia. CONCLUSAO: A representacao social predominantemente positiva entre jovens necessita ser estimulada nas atividades de promocao a saude. A constatacao de que os indices de violencia estao associados as varias esferas de atuacao dos adolescentes indica que a resolucao do problema depende de estrategias que englobem todas essas esferas.

Situação de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros em relação à saúde mental e à violência

This article reflects about the situation of mental health and violence against Brazilian children and adolescents, proposing a discussion about the need for public health policies including these extremely relevant issues in their priority agenda. In Brazil, the debate about this problem has occurred in a fragmented and not very consistent way. This article presents a non-systematic selection of epidemiological investigations on this subject conducted in Brazilian schools and communities. The great variety and prevalence of familiar and community violence and of mental health problems is pointed out and the methodological differences between the studies and the concentration of studies in the South and Southeastern regions of the country are emphasized. The article still highlights to the scarce service network for dealing with this kind of problem and the lack of concern with the prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health.

Violência escolar e auto-estima de adolescentes

Este artigo procura estudar a associacao entre auto-estima e violencias que ocorrem no ambiente escolar. Apresenta resultados obtidos em pesquisa realizada em escolas publicas e particulares de Sao Goncalo, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Emprega basicamente metodologia quantitativa (inquerito epidemiologico com uma amostra de 1.686 alunos) com alunos das 7a e 8a series do ensino fundamental e 1o e 2o anos do ensino medio. Os resultados indicam que alunos com baixa auto-estima relacionam-se de forma pior com colegas e professores que os pares de elevada auto-estima, alem de se colocarem mais frequentemente na posicao de vitimas de violencia na escola e terem mais dificuldade de se sentir bem no espaco escolar. Sao apontados alguns programas nacionais que tem tentado abordar o problema da violencia na escola.

Scale of psychological violence against adolescents

OBJECTIVE To present strategies and results of a cross-cultural adaptation of a psychological violence scale to be used in Brazilian studies. METHODS The scale of violence, a translated version in Portuguese of the original in English, was applied to a sample of 266 7th and 8th grade and junior high school students of public and private schools of the municipality of São Gonçalo, Southeastern Brazil. Several types of equivalences were investigated. The semantic equivalence was evaluated in the referential and general meaning of each item. The measurement equivalence was assessed through psychometric properties such as test and retest reliability, construct validity, internal consistency and factorial analysis. Reliability was measured by Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients and construct validity was evaluated by Pearsons coefficient. RESULTS The theoretical-conceptual discussions were deemed adequate concerning conceptual and items equivalences. The semantic equivalence was above 60 percentile in the evaluation of the referential and general item meaning. Cronbachs alpha was 0.94, Kappa index agreement was discreet, intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.82 and the factorial analysis with one factor structure had a degree of explanation of 43.5% variance. Construct validity showed significant negative correlation with self-esteem, social support, and a positive correlation with parent violence. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate the applicability of the instrument in the Brazilian teenager population.

Notificações de violência doméstica, sexual e outras violências contra crianças no Brasil

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o quadro de violencia domestica, sexual e outras violencias perpetradas contra criancas (0-9 anos) no Brasil no ano de 2010, baseando-se nas notificacoes de violencia domestica, sexual e outras violencias registradas no SINAN - Sistema de Informacao de Agravos de Notificacao (VIVA Continuo). Sao apresentados os numeros absolutos e relativos derivados das notificacoes sobre violencias, discriminando-se entre criancas menores de 1 ano e aquelas entre 1-9 anos, devido as especificidades existentes nessas faixas etarias. Em todo o pais, o numero de notificacoes entre menores de 10 anos e baixo (16,9%). Foram constatadas diferencas quanto a distribuicao das notificacoes por unidade da federacao. Observou-se que poucos municipios notificaram violencias ao SINAN-Net no ano de 2010 no pais. Algumas diferencas foram encontradas entre notificacoes em menores de 1 ano de idade e notificacoes de criancas entre 1-9 anos de idade, como por exemplo em relacao ao perfil da violencia, da vitima e do agressor, e o encaminhamento do caso. A qualidade da informacao das notificacoes e discutida mostrando nivel elevado de ausencia de registros em alguns campos da ficha. Falhas na informacao podem prejudicar o conhecimento mais detalhado do fenomeno, interferindo nas acoes de planejamento, organizacao e operacionalizacao dos servicos de saude no pais.

Fatores associados aos problemas de saúde mental em adolescentes

This article aims at investigating the mental health problems of school adolescents and identifying individual, social and family aspects associated with its development. It is based on an epidemical survey with 1923 students of the 7th and 8th grades of Elementary School and 1st and 2nd years of High School of public and private schools of municipality of Sao Goncalo, RJ. The scale Self-Reported Questionnaire was used to evaluate Minor Psychiatric Morbidity. Individual, social and family aspects were evaluated. Simple Logistic Regression was utilized and the odds ratio was the measure to interpret the results. Psychological violence, difficult family life events, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, sex and school competence were maintained in the final model, indicating their potential to compromise mental health. The presentation of the data can subsidize the development of public policies for the attendance of the adolescent, especially in the preventive level and in the promotion of health in the mental health area.

Desigualdades socioeconômicas e saúde mental infantil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associacao de determinantes sociodemograficos com o desenvolvimento de problemas de comportamento e de competencia social em criancas. METODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 479 escolares entre seis e 13 anos de idade, da primeira serie do ensino fundamental de escolas publicas em Sao Goncalo (RJ), em 2005. Foram investigadas variaveis socioeconomicas, estrutura familiar, escolaridade dos pais, cor da pele da crianca, problemas de comportamento e competencia social. Foram calculadas razoes de prevalencia com respectivo intervalo com 95% de confianca. Os dados apresentados foram expandidos para a populacao de alunos da rede de ensino investigada. RESULTADOS: Criancas abaixo da linha de pobreza, de cor da pele negra, com pais com baixa escolaridade, e vivendo em familias monoparentais ou compostas por madrasta/padrasto apresentaram mais precaria competencia social e mais problemas de comportamento. A medida que se elevavam os fatores de risco, crescia a prevalencia das criancas com baixa competencia social e problemas de comportamento. CONCLUSOES: A associacao entre os determinantes sociodemograficos com a maior prevalencia de problemas de comportamento e com mais precaria competencia social em criancas requer que acoes preventivas e de assistencia sejam tomadas como prioridade para as politicas publicas, minorando a existencia de dificuldades sociais e emocionais infantis graves, que podem se manter ate a vida adulta.

When living with violence brings a child close to depressive behavior

The present study investigates the relation between withdrawn/depressive behavior of schoolchildren and presence/absence of violence experienced at home, at school and in the community. This descriptive cross-sectional study is based on data from a sample of 479 schoolchildren between 6-13 years of age, attending the first grade in the public elementary schools of a city of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2005. The multi-stage cluster sampling strategy involved three selection stages with 50% proportion, 98% confidence level and relative error of 5%. Socio-demographic variables of the child and the family, the withdrawal/depression sub-scale (CBCL), Conflict Tactics Scale and school and community violence scale are investigated. Multivariate Correspondence Analysis indicates that the different violence victimizations tend to be closer to clinical and borderline withdrawn/depressive behavior. Programs and public policies must address the life circumstances of the child, with focus on interventions in mental health problems, violence and victimization in order to interrupt the cycle of re-victimization through violence and its consequences.

Sintomas depressivos na adolescência: estudo sobre fatores psicossociais em amostra de escolares de um município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

This studys objective was to identify individual, social, and familial risk factors for depressive symptoms in adolescent students. The study included 1,923 seventh and eighth-grade (junior high) students and first and second-year high school students in public and private schools from a city in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the SRQ-20 scale (Harding, 1980) and resilience scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993). Hierarchical logistic regression was the analytical method used. Symptoms of depression were present in 10% of adolescents. Girls had more than twice the odds of presenting these symptoms (CI: 1.58-3.67); adolescent children of divorced parents had 73% greater odds of depression (CI: 1.16-2.57); victims of serious physical abuse by mothers had 6.49 times the odds (CI: 2.07-20.30); those with low self-esteem, 6.43 greater odds (CI: 2.63-15.68); and those displaying dissatisfaction with their lives, 3.19 greater odds (CI: 2.08-4.89). The findings highlight the urgent need to improve public health policies for adolescents, especially at the preventive level, including psychosocial strategies with the development of a treatment network.