Nilton César dos Santos

Adaptação transcultural, confiabilidade e validade da escala de resiliência

This study describes the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese and the psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale developed by Wagnild & Young. The scale was adapted for a sample of students from public schools in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data from the pilot study (203 students interviewed at two points in time) and from the entire study (977) are presented. The cross-cultural adaptation showed good results in the semantic equivalence for: general meaning (above 90.0%) and referential meaning (above 85.0%). Chronbach alpha was 0.85 in the pilot study and 0.80 in the total sample. Kappa between the two points in time was regular and moderate, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.746 (p = 0.000). Factorial analysis indicated three non-homogeneous factors. Construct validity demonstrated direct and significant correlation with self-esteem, family supervision, life satisfaction, and social support. There was an inverse correlation with the scale that evaluates psychological violence.

Violência e representação social na adolescência no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associacao entre a representacao que os adolescentes tem de si e a violencia fisica severa, psicologica e sexual que sofrem de pessoas que lhes sao importantes, sobretudo os pais; e analisar a associacao entre a vitimizacao na familia e em outros espacos sociais. METODO: Inquerito epidemiologico com 1 685 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente nas escolas publicas e particulares do Municipio de Sao Goncalo (RJ), Brasil, em 2002. Para aferir cada uma das formas de violencia foram usadas escalas de avaliacao de taticas para lidar com conflito, de abuso e trauma infantil e de violencia psicologica. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 14,6% dos estudantes sofriam violencia fisica severa de pai ou mae; 11,8% testemunharam ou vivenciaram violencia sexual na familia; 48,0% relataram sofrer violencia psicologica de pessoas significativas. Os adolescentes que sofrem essas formas de violencia sao mais frequentemente vitimas de violencia na comunidade e na escola, relatando-se tambem mais transgressores da lei. Em geral, possuem uma representacao positiva de si proprios, embora mencionem atributos negativos com maior frequencia. CONCLUSAO: A representacao social predominantemente positiva entre jovens necessita ser estimulada nas atividades de promocao a saude. A constatacao de que os indices de violencia estao associados as varias esferas de atuacao dos adolescentes indica que a resolucao do problema depende de estrategias que englobem todas essas esferas.

Sofrimento psíquico entre policiais civis: uma análise sob a ótica de gênero

This study aimed to investigate potential psychological distress among members of the civilian police force, based on gender differences. It analyzes data from previous research on work, health conditions, and quality of life in the civilian police using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study included and tested data from the questionnaire applied to a statistically representative sample of 2,746 civilian police (80.8% males and 19.2% females) from the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, according to gender variables and position in the police force (administrative, technical, and operational law enforcement). The study presents an overview of social and economic characteristics, job conditions, health problems, and quality of life, highlighting the areas of information where gender appears as an important factor. The Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to investigate psychological distress comparing males and females. The results did not show gender differences in psychological distress, but did identify significant differences in some items in the scale. Female police, especially in technical positions, showed a higher proportion than males. The conclusions corroborate some previous research.

Scale of psychological violence against adolescents

OBJECTIVE To present strategies and results of a cross-cultural adaptation of a psychological violence scale to be used in Brazilian studies. METHODS The scale of violence, a translated version in Portuguese of the original in English, was applied to a sample of 266 7th and 8th grade and junior high school students of public and private schools of the municipality of São Gonçalo, Southeastern Brazil. Several types of equivalences were investigated. The semantic equivalence was evaluated in the referential and general meaning of each item. The measurement equivalence was assessed through psychometric properties such as test and retest reliability, construct validity, internal consistency and factorial analysis. Reliability was measured by Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients and construct validity was evaluated by Pearsons coefficient. RESULTS The theoretical-conceptual discussions were deemed adequate concerning conceptual and items equivalences. The semantic equivalence was above 60 percentile in the evaluation of the referential and general item meaning. Cronbachs alpha was 0.94, Kappa index agreement was discreet, intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.82 and the factorial analysis with one factor structure had a degree of explanation of 43.5% variance. Construct validity showed significant negative correlation with self-esteem, social support, and a positive correlation with parent violence. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate the applicability of the instrument in the Brazilian teenager population.

Entre quatro paredes: atendimento fonoaudiológico a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência

Buscou-se levantar o conhecimento e a experiencia de fonoaudiologos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro sobre o problema da violencia familiar contra a crianca e o adolescente. Foi efetuado um survey via correio, com duplo envio de questionarios, a uma amostra de profissionais registrados no Conselho Regional de Fonoaudiologia. Foram enviados 500 questionarios sendo obtidas 224 respostas. Os resultados indicam que, dos 71% dos entrevistados que trabalham em consultorio ou clinica particular, 25,8% ja tiveram clientes infanto-juvenis que sofreram violencia familiar. Apesar de somente 12,9% dos fonoaudiologos trabalharem em centro/posto de saude, quase a metade desses profissionais ja atendeu vitimas de violencia familiar (48,3%). Dos fonoaudiologos que atenderam pelo menos um caso de violencia, 88,9% indicaram o Conselho Tutelar para encaminhamento dos casos, mas somente quatro fonoaudiologos afirmaram ter efetuado a notificacao. Os resultados sugerem que, alem da falta de informacao sobre o tema, a configuracao do trabalho deste profissional, em que predomina a atuacao em consultorios particulares, dificulta a realizacao da notificacao, ja que nao contam com um apoio institucional no enfrentamento deste grave problema.