Juliana Guimarães e Silva

Morbimortalidade de homens jovens brasileiros por agressão: expressão dos diferenciais de gênero

Mortality, hospitalization and emergency attendance visits for assault in Brazil, from 1996 to 2007 were analyzed. The data sources are the Mortality Information System/SIM, the Hospital Information System/SIH and the Surveillance System of Violence and Injuries/VIVA of the Ministry of Health. It was focused on males in the 15 to 29 year-old age group, and other variables related to the victim, the aggressor and the event. The male/ woman distribution was 11.6 times higher for mortality, 4.5 times for hospitalization and 2.8 times for hospital emergency treatment. In 2007 the rate of 15 to 29 year-old men was 92.8/100,000 inhabitants. The Southeast and Northeast have the highest incidence and prevalence. The conclusion was that the male/female differential rates occurs during adolescence, intensifies in early adulthood, and despite decreasing in intensity, continues until death. Cultural gender models and socio-structural aspects were examined to explain such marked differences.

Estudo multicêntrico da mortalidade por homicídios em países da América Latina

This article is a descriptive epidemiological study of deaths by homicide in Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico) from 1990 to 2007. Deaths due to external causes and homicides, as codified in the 9th and 10th revisions of the International Classification of Diseases/ICD, were analyzed considering sex, age and manner of assault. The numbers, ratios and adjusted rates for deaths by homicide are presented. A linear regression model was used to ascertain the trend of homicide rates by age group. During the period, 4,086,216 deaths from external causes and 1,432,971 homicides were registered in these countries. Deaths from external causes rose 54.5% in Argentina but fell in the other countries (37% in Mexico, 31.8% in Colombia, and 8.1% in Brazil). The ratio for deaths by homicide for both sexes was 9.1 in Colombia, 4.4 in Brazil and 1.6 in Mexico, using the Argentinian rates as a benchmark. There were differences in the evolution of homicide rates by age and sex in the countries: the rate rose in Brazil and fell in Colombia for all age groups. The need to prioritize young males in public policies related to health care and prevention is stressed, as well as the need for the region to adopt inclusive policies and broaden and consolidate democracy and the rights of inhabitants.

Exposição à violência entre adolescentes de uma comunidade de baixa renda no Nordeste do Brasil

O estudo analisou a exposicao dos adolescentes a violencia, considerando o acesso a arma, o uso abusivo de alcool e/ou uso de drogas ilicitas e sua autoestima, e investigou a influencia de fatores socioeconomicos, escolares e caracteristicas familiares com a exposicao a esse fenomeno. Estudo transversal, realizado em Fortaleza, Ceara, em 2009, com 458 adolescentes. Foram utilizados questionarios e/ou entrevistas estruturadas para coleta dos dados e na analise aplicamos o teste de correlacao de Pearson, com a confiabilidade de 95%. Ao correlacionar a exposicao do adolescente a violencia com as variaveis naturalidade (p = 0,020), tempo de estudo em anos (p = 0,009), absenteismo escolar (p < 0,001), responsavel financeiro pela familia (p = 0,007), pais ou responsaveis etilistas (p < 0,001), relacoes familiares boas/muito boas (p = 0,009) e a nao satisfacao dos pais com amizades de seus filhos (p < 0,001), identificamos associacao direta. Assim, e necessario que as politicas publicas enfoquem rede de apoio ao cuidado com o adolescente e que os centros urbanos organizem-se social e politicamente na busca pela compreensao dos efeitos da exposicao a violencia em adolescentes de comunidades de baixa renda.

O desafio de compreender a consequência fatal da violência em dois municípios brasileiros

Buscou-se compreender os homicidios por meio da abordagem sistemica complexa aplicando-se o Modelo Ecologico (ME), que envolve condicoes individuais e relacionais dos sujeitos e do contexto. Foram realizados dois estudos de caso triangulando dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Os municipios selecionados, Paulista, Pernambuco, e Jaragua do Sul, Santa Catarina, apresentaram comportamentos opostos em relacao as taxas de homicidios entre 1980 e 2007. Na analise qualitativa, descortinou-se, em cada dimensao do modelo ecologico: individual - baixa escolaridade e uso de drogas; relacional violencia intrafamiliar e uso de drogas por membros da familia; comunitario e social - trabalho e desemprego; educacao publica - seguranca publica; trafico de drogas e religiosidade. Conclui-se que os homicidios envolvem a combinacao de vulnerabilidades, precariedades e rupturas de vinculos na dimensao individual e social, passiveis de enfrentamento em uma perspectiva inclusiva, interdisciplinar e intersetorial.

Fatores associados ao sofrimento psíquico de policiais militares da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

This study investigates factors associated with psychological distress among military police (n = 1,120) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The article describes their social, economic, and demographic characteristics, quality of life, mental health, and work conditions. Measurement of psychological distress used the Self-Reported Questionnaire. Analysis of associations used logistic regression, considering factors associated with psychological distress. The results indicate an association between psychological distress and factors such as ability to react to difficult situations, dissatisfaction with life, health problems (especially digestive, nervous, and musculoskeletal symptoms), and adverse work conditions such as excessive workload, constant stress, and victimization. The article concludes by highlighting the need for health promotion interventions for the military police, focusing especially on their mental health.

Atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel em Fortaleza, Ceará: a visão dos profissionais envolvidos

Com o objetivo de descrever variaveis sociodemograficas, profissionais e operacionais das diferentes categorias envolvidas no Servico de Atendimento Movel de Urgencia, bem como a percepcao destas quanto a adequacao do servico oferecido as diretrizes da Politica Nacional de Atencao as Urgencias, foi realizado um estudo transversal, mediante um questionario autoaplicavel, em 2007/2008. Os 89 pesquisados apontaram comprometimento da estrutura fisica (60,7%); escassez de materiais (82,0%); incipiencia de recursos humanos (37,1%); mau estado de conservacao e numero insuficiente de ambulâncias (67,4%). 98,9% admitiram que ha integracao com outros servicos, com diferenca estatistica entre as categorias profissionais (p = 0,037). A terceirizacao predominou entre 71,4% dos medicos e 84,2% dos enfermeiros (p < 0,001). A capacitacao especifica foi confirmada por 79,8% e a atualizacao por 88,8% dos profissionais. A media de tempo de resposta total foi de 29 minutos (dp ± 14,8) e 65,2% afirmaram conhecer a politica. Este estudo evidenciou que o pre-hospitalar e um servico com problemas estruturais e de planejamento, nos quais se destacaram a precariedade das condicoes de trabalho e a fragilidade dos vinculos.

Family Relationships Of A Crack Cocaine-Using Pregnant Women In A Brazilian Northeastern City

Background: This article aims to describe family relationships of a crack cocaine-using pregnant woman through a genogram. Methods: A qualitative case study was carried out, in which semi-structured interviews were applied with the selected pregnant woman, three relatives and one health professional. The interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis and the results favored the construction of a genogram. Results: The results show a nuclear family formed by slum dwellers, with too close emotional relationships among some of the members; at the same time, the existence of fragile relationships are also highlighted, but the abuse of crack cocaine was not enough to change them, Drug use changed her trajectory to move through the health system. Conclusion: There is a need to raise awareness among health professionals about the care and monitoring of psychoactive substance users, in order to overcome barriers to access and improve the understanding about their family relations.