Juliana Voll

Ectrodactilia em cão: relato de caso

A case of ectrodactyly is described in a 2-month-old male mixed Terrier dog. The defect was a complete osseous and soft tissue separation extending from between digits 2 and 3 proximally to the level of the radius and ulna. Radiography revealed elbow luxation. Treatment consisted of surgical reduction of elbow luxation and soft tissue reconstruction. Sixteen months after surgery, the dog was intermittent nonweight-bearing lameness.

Videolaparoscopia topográfica de equinos em estação com três diferentes massas corpóreas

The present study aimed to perform an anatomic description of the abdominal cavity of equines in standing position. Twenty-one healthy equines were allotted into three groups according to their corporal mass. Animals weighing up to 250kg were included in group A, 251 to 350kg in group B and over than 351kg in group C. Laparoscopy was the surgical technique performed, with access through the left and right paralumbar fossas using a video-assisted introduction of cannula, starting from the left flank. This first access allowed the observation of the diaphragm, stomach, left hepatic lobe, spleen, renal area, small intestine, descending colon, bladder, rectum and internal reproductive organs of the male and female. During the right access were observed: diaphragm, right hepatic lobe, renal area, dorsal colon, duodenum, cecum, small intestine, descending colon, bladder, rectum and internal reproductive organs of the male and female. The video-laparoscopic for the study of the abdominal anatomy of equines is feasible, and no limitations due to animal size have been observed.

Osteossíntese de tíbia com fixador esquelético externo em um cordeiro

Entre os avancos que a clinica e cirurgia veterinaria apresentaram nos ultimos anos, o tratamento de fraturas em grandes animais pode ser citado como um exemplo. A experiencia, consolidada em outras especies de menor porte, permite a tentativa de extrapolar a mesma para as especies de maior porte, adequando-se sempre as caracteristicas e particularidades de cada especie. Atualmente, devemos considerar o tratamento de fraturas de animais de producao como uma forma de evitar o seu descarte, uma vez que, quando se trata de um animal reprodutor, devemos ter a opcao de trata-lo ao inves de decidir pela eutanasia. O presente estudo relata um caso de fratura transversa de diafise de tibia de membro posterior esquerdo em um cordeiro sem raca definida, com duas semanas de idade, com historico de pisoteamento por um bovino. Foi utilizada fixacao esqueletica externa tipo II para a osteossintese, obtendo-se eficiente estabilizacao da fratura. O animal ficou hospitalizado durante todo o periodo de pos-operatorio e a consolidacao ossea foi obtida em 30 dias.

Systematization, Description, and Territory of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Brain Surface of the Turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans)

Background: Trachemys scripta elegans, in Brazil, has been considered an exotic and invasive turtle; it competes with autochthon species for habitat and food, threatening biodiversity. These animals have been exported to Brazil as pets; however, despite of the commercial interest in the last years, there are only few reports about the turtle central nervous system vascularization. Therefore, this study had the objective to describe and systematize the middle cerebral artery at the brain surface of the turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans), determining a standard model of irrigation and the main ramifications and territory, in this species. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty turtles received pre-anesthetic medication composed of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and midazolam (2 mg/kg) followed by euthanasia with a sodium thiopental (100 mg/kg) overdose. The aortic arches were cannulated through the single ventricle, the cranial cava veins were incised and the vascular system washed with saline solution and heparin, and then filled with latex. Pieces remained immersed in running water and a bone window was opened in the cranial vault. Samples were fixed with formaldehyde and each brain with a spinal cord segment was removed from the cranial vault, the duramater was removed and the arteries dissected. Results were recorded and it was observed that the middle cerebral artery, collateral branch of the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery, varied between one to three components. These vessels anastomosed, originating a net that was projected from the base of the brain dorsorostralwards, reaching the convex surface of the olfactory bulb. Their lateral ramifications formed the convex hemispheric arteries, which ascended to the convex surface of the cerebral hemisphere and reached, caudally, the proximities of the caudal pole, anastomosing with the occipital hemispheric branches of the caudal cerebral artery and, dorsally, anastomosed with the caudal medial hemispheric branches of the caudal inter-hemispheric artery. Rostrally, its terminal branches, dorsal and ventral, formed a vascular ring around the coronal sulcus, which separated the cerebral hemisphere from the sessile olfactory bulb together with the rostral medial hemispheric branches of the rostral inter-hemispheric artery, branch of the rostral cerebral artery. The arteries of the olfactory bulb were originated from this ring. The middle cerebral artery in 63.4% of the samples to the right and in 56.7% to the left was double. But in 33.3% to the right and 20% to the left was triple, whereas in 3.3% to the right and in 23.3% to the left was a single vessel. Discussion: Authors reported that the middle cerebral artery, in reptiles, was originated as a single trunk, which subdivided into several arteries or was formed from several short trunks that ramified towards the convex surface of the cerebral hemisphere. In a study about turtles, the middle cerebral artery presented single origin and was emitted from the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery, emitting secondary branches that irrigated a portion of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres. In alligators, the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery originated a large middle cerebral artery, which emitted secondary branches towards the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, continuing as rostral cerebral artery. In Cayman, the middle cerebral artery consisted of a formation of a net originated from one to five vessels, which was projected in sequence as collateral branches of the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery. This pattern of the middle cerebral artery was also observed in Trachemys, however, the net formation of the middle cerebral artery was after the emission of one to three vessels.

Systematization and description of the internal carotid arteries and their main ramifications at the brain base in turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Thirty turtle brains (Trachemys scripta elegans) were injected with latex to systematize and describe the internal carotid arteries and their main ramifications at the brain base. The internal carotid arteries had one intercarotid anastomosis. At the level of the tuber cinereum, the internal carotid artery bifurcated into its terminal branches, the rostral and the caudal branches. The rostral branch emitted the rostral choroid artery, the orbital artery, and a series of middle cerebral arteries. After giving off the last middle cerebral artery, the rostral branch continued as the rostral cerebral artery in the cerebral longitudinal fissure, and had one anastomosis with its contralateral homologous artery, the rostral communicating artery, making the first rostral closure of the cerebral arterial circle. Next, the rostral cerebral arteries anastomosed forming a rostral interhemispheric artery, making the second rostral closure of the cerebral arterial circle. The internal carotid artery, after emitting its rostral branch, continued caudally as the caudal branch. The caudal branch ran caudally along the ventral surface of the mesencephalic tegmentum, emitted the caudal cerebral artery and the mesencephalic artery, and continued caudomedially while progressively narrowing, and anastomosed with its contralateral homologous artery, forming the basilar artery. The narrower portion also emitted the trigeminal artery. The anastomosis of the caudal branches closed the cerebral arterial circle caudally. The internal carotid arteries exclusively supplied the cerebral arterial circle of the turtle. Anat Rec, 299:1090–1098, 2016.