Karen Schein da Silva

Discursos de enfermeiras sobre morte e morrer: vontade ou verdade?

We consider looking at the death and dying as a social, historical and cultural construction. Thus, in we approach them to the Cultural Studies to know nurses speeches on the subject. The research is periodic articles of two national ones of nursing. In the analyses we use tools proposals for Michel Foucault that they make possible to constitute four categories: the silenced and occulted death; stopping one it fights against the death; the death in scene: multiplicity of faces and the palliative death and cares: paradigm change. The study detaches the way as the publications operate in the production of knowing on the death and dying to them and subjectiving the nurses.Propomos olhar para a morte e o morrer como uma construcao social, historica e cultural. Assim, nos aproximamos dos Estudos Culturais para conhecer discursos de enfermeiras sobre o tema. O corpus da pesquisa sao artigos de dois periodicos nacionais de enfermagem. Nas analises utilizamos ferramentas propostas por Michel Foucault que possibilitaram constituir quatro categorias: a morte silenciada e ocultada; travando uma luta contra a morte; a morte em cena: multiplicidade de facetas e a morte e os cuidados paliativos: mudanca de paradigma. O estudo destaca o modo como as publicacoes operam na producao dos saberes sobre a morte e o morrer subjetivando as enfermeiras.(AU) We consider looking at the death and dying as a social, historical and cultural construction. Thus, in we approach them to the Cultural Studies to know nursesi speeches on the subject. The research is periodic articles of two national ones of nursing. In the analyses we use tools proposals for Michel Foucault that they make possible to constitute four categories: the silenced and occulted death; stopping one it fights against the death; the death in scene: multiplicity of faces and the palliative death and cares: paradigm change. The study detaches the way as the publications operate in the production of knowing on the death and dying to them and subjectiving the nurses.(AU) Nos proponemos mirar la muerte y el morir como una construccion social, historica y cultural. Asi, nos aproximamos a los Estudios Culturales para conocer discursos de enfermeras sobre el tema. El corpus de la investigacion son articulos de dos periodicos nacionales de enfermeria. En nuestros analisis utilizamos herramientas propuestas por Michel Foucault que posibilitaran construir cuatro categorias: la muerte silenciada y ocultada; entablando una lucha contra la muerte; la muerte en escena: multiplicidad de facetas, y la muerte y los cuidados paliativos: cambio de paradigma. El estudio destaca el modo en que las publicaciones operan en la produccion de los saberes sobre la muerte y el morir subjetivando a las enfermeras.(AU)We consider looking at the death and dying as a social, historical and cultural construction. Thus, in we approach them to the Cultural Studies to know nursesspeeches on the subject. The research is periodic articles of two national ones of nursing. In the analyses we use tools proposals for Michel Foucault that they make possible to constitute four categories: the silenced and occulted death; stopping one it fights against the death; the death in scene: multiplicity of faces and the palliative death and cares: paradigm change. The study detaches the way as the publications operate in the production of knowing on the death and dying to them and subjectiving the nurses. DescriptorsPalliative Cares; Nursing; Death.

Diretrizes curriculares de enfermagem: governando corpos de enfermeiras

Curricular Directives aim to organize courses and careers towards establishing professional identities. In this sense, the National Curricular Directives for Undergraduate Nursing Education define the foundations for the education of nurses in Brazil, pointing out the knowledge considered important for the profession. We base ourselves on the presuppositions found in Michel Foucault’s work to carry out a textual analysis of the discourses conveyed by the Curricular Directives for Nursing, questioning them as a strategy to govern and subjectivize that acts upon the bodies of future nurses. The reflections herein point towards a document that can be seen as an instrument that intends to normalize students and constitute them to become nurses. Thus, the profile of a “good” and a “bad” professional is defined, normalizing bodies and attitudes, not allowing them to think and create another way and instituting a “regime of truth” that produces a certain type of nurse. DesCriPtOrs: Nursing education. Discourse. Role of nursing professionals. Government DireCtriCes CurriCulares De enfermerÍa: gObernanDO CuerPOs De enfermeras resumen: Directrices Curriculares objetivan la organización de cursos y carreras para la constitución de identidades profesionales. En este sentido, las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para la Enseñanza de Grado en Enfermería definen los fundamentos para la formación de enfermeras en el país, apuntando al tipo de conocimiento considerado importante en la profesión. Nos apoyamos en los presupuestos de la obra de Michel Foucault para realizar un análisis textual de los discursos difundidos por las Directrices Curriculares de Enfermería, problematizándolos como una estrategia de gobernar y de hacer subjetivo que actúa sobre los cuerpos de las futuras enfermeras. Las reflexiones apuntan a un documento que se puede ver como un instrumento que pretende normalizar a las alumnas y constituirlas para que se vuelvan enfermeras. Así se define el perfil de la “buena” y de la “mala” profesional, sistematizando los cuerpos y sus actitudes, sin permitirles que piensen y que hagan las cosas de otro modo e instituyendo un “régimen de verdades” que produce cierto tipo de enfermera. DesCriPtOres: Educación en enfermería. Discurso. Papel del profesional de enfermería. Gobierno.

Ordem como tarefa: a construção dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem

Classifying means segregating. It means seeing the world as something that can be made up of different entities that could be sorted and make what has been organized into something real. Thus, the Nursing Diagnoses (ND) aims at being an archive that allows a knowledge framework to be drawn about the individuals. In this paper we intend to learn how nurses have built this documental device. So, we analysed articles published on the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and found out that some meanings have been attributed to ND, which allowed us to group them into five classes. We also observed that the journals discourses assign powers to such classification, because they make this knowledge stronger by publicising it.Classifying means segregating. It means seeing the world as something that can be made up of different entities that could be sorted and make what has been organized into something real. Thus, the Nursing Diagnoses (ND) aims at being an archive that allows a knowledge framework to be drawn about the individuals. In this paper we intend to learn how nurses have built this documental device. So, we analysed articles published on the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and found out that some meanings have been attributed to ND, which allowed us to group them into five classes. We also observed that the journals discourses assign powers to such classification, because they make this knowledge stronger by publicising it.

Em DEfEsa Da sociEDaDE: a invEnção Dos cuiDaDos paliativos E os Dispositivos DE sEgurança

The article proposes thinking the corpus of knowledge on palliative care as an invention that would work as one of the tactics inserted in a bio-political strategy constituted in order to defend society. For the articulation of this discussion, the 2007 edition of the palliative care manual was used, published by the World Health Organization. Starting from the textual analysis of the discourse in the manual, with the help of the reference framework of cultural studies and inspired on the works by Michel Foucault, the study articulates one of the possible readings of the guide. Based on the crossing between material information and statements, one observes the re(organization) and (re)invention of a discipline that invests in the subjectivity of individuals, constituting apparatuses of truth in the intent to defend living. DEscriptors: Health policy. Palliative care. Education. Government. Nursing.

Curricular directives for nursing: governing nurses' bodies

Curricular Directives aim to organize courses and careers towards establishing professional identities. In this sense, the National Curricular Directives for Undergraduate Nursing Education define the foundations for the education of nurses in Brazil, pointing out the knowledge considered important for the profession. We base ourselves on the presuppositions found in Michel Foucault’s work to carry out a textual analysis of the discourses conveyed by the Curricular Directives for Nursing, questioning them as a strategy to govern and subjectivize that acts upon the bodies of future nurses. The reflections herein point towards a document that can be seen as an instrument that intends to normalize students and constitute them to become nurses. Thus, the profile of a “good” and a “bad” professional is defined, normalizing bodies and attitudes, not allowing them to think and create another way and instituting a “regime of truth” that produces a certain type of nurse. DesCriPtOrs: Nursing education. Discourse. Role of nursing professionals. Government DireCtriCes CurriCulares De enfermerÍa: gObernanDO CuerPOs De enfermeras resumen: Directrices Curriculares objetivan la organización de cursos y carreras para la constitución de identidades profesionales. En este sentido, las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para la Enseñanza de Grado en Enfermería definen los fundamentos para la formación de enfermeras en el país, apuntando al tipo de conocimiento considerado importante en la profesión. Nos apoyamos en los presupuestos de la obra de Michel Foucault para realizar un análisis textual de los discursos difundidos por las Directrices Curriculares de Enfermería, problematizándolos como una estrategia de gobernar y de hacer subjetivo que actúa sobre los cuerpos de las futuras enfermeras. Las reflexiones apuntan a un documento que se puede ver como un instrumento que pretende normalizar a las alumnas y constituirlas para que se vuelvan enfermeras. Así se define el perfil de la “buena” y de la “mala” profesional, sistematizando los cuerpos y sus actitudes, sin permitirles que piensen y que hagan las cosas de otro modo e instituyendo un “régimen de verdades” que produce cierto tipo de enfermera. DesCriPtOres: Educación en enfermería. Discurso. Papel del profesional de enfermería. Gobierno.

Em defesa da sociedade: a invenção dos cuidados paliativos e a produção de subjetividades

This article is a theoretical reflection that is part of a study named Em Defesa da Sociedade: a invenção dos Cuidados Paliativos (In Defense of Society: the invention of Palliative Care). In order to articulate this discussion, we used the 2007edition of the Palliative Care Manual published by the World Health Organization (WHO), as we understand it is part of a body of work capable of producing subjectivities and ruling conduct. In this sense, we intend to understand how the discourses on palliative care are associated and promote the invention of a new subject that would work as a bio-political strategy in order to defend society. Based on the textual analysis of the discourse presented in the manual, with the help of the Cultural Studies framework and inspired by the works of Michel Foucault, we present one of the possible meanings derived from the readings of the WHO Guide. Thus, we observe the (re)organization and (re)invention of a subject that invests in the subjectivity of individuals and constitutes an actual framework that regulates and rules the population.Reflexion teorica que forma parte de un estudio denominado En Defensa de la Sociedad: la invencion de los Cuidados Paliativos. Para articular la discusion, utilizamos el manual de Cuidados Paliativos, publicado en 2007 por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS), entendiendolo como parte de un artefacto capaz de producir subjetividades y gobernar conductas. En tal sentido, pretendemos conocer el modo en el que los discursos sobre Cuidados Paliativos se articulan y generan la invencion de una nueva disciplina que funciona como estrategia biopolitica para la defensa social. A partir del analisis textual del discurso instituido por el manual, con ayuda del referencial teorico de Estudios Culturales y bajo inspiracion de escritos de Michel Foucault, articulamos una posible lectura de la guia. Asi, observamos la (re)organizacion y la (re)invencion de una disciplina que invierten en la subjetividad de los individuos, constituyendo aparatos de verdad que regulan y gobiernan la poblacion.

[In defense of society: the invention of palliative care and the production of subjectivities].

This article is a theoretical reflection that is part of a study named Em Defesa da Sociedade: a invenção dos Cuidados Paliativos (In Defense of Society: the invention of Palliative Care). In order to articulate this discussion, we used the 2007edition of the Palliative Care Manual published by the World Health Organization (WHO), as we understand it is part of a body of work capable of producing subjectivities and ruling conduct. In this sense, we intend to understand how the discourses on palliative care are associated and promote the invention of a new subject that would work as a bio-political strategy in order to defend society. Based on the textual analysis of the discourse presented in the manual, with the help of the Cultural Studies framework and inspired by the works of Michel Foucault, we present one of the possible meanings derived from the readings of the WHO Guide. Thus, we observe the (re)organization and (re)invention of a subject that invests in the subjectivity of individuals and constitutes an actual framework that regulates and rules the population.Reflexion teorica que forma parte de un estudio denominado En Defensa de la Sociedad: la invencion de los Cuidados Paliativos. Para articular la discusion, utilizamos el manual de Cuidados Paliativos, publicado en 2007 por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS), entendiendolo como parte de un artefacto capaz de producir subjetividades y gobernar conductas. En tal sentido, pretendemos conocer el modo en el que los discursos sobre Cuidados Paliativos se articulan y generan la invencion de una nueva disciplina que funciona como estrategia biopolitica para la defensa social. A partir del analisis textual del discurso instituido por el manual, con ayuda del referencial teorico de Estudios Culturales y bajo inspiracion de escritos de Michel Foucault, articulamos una posible lectura de la guia. Asi, observamos la (re)organizacion y la (re)invencion de una disciplina que invierten en la subjetividad de los individuos, constituyendo aparatos de verdad que regulan y gobiernan la poblacion.

Order as a task: the construction of Nursing Diagnoses

Classifying means segregating. It means seeing the world as something that can be made up of different entities that could be sorted and make what has been organized into something real. Thus, the Nursing Diagnoses (ND) aims at being an archive that allows a knowledge framework to be drawn about the individuals. In this paper we intend to learn how nurses have built this documental device. So, we analysed articles published on the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and found out that some meanings have been attributed to ND, which allowed us to group them into five classes. We also observed that the journals discourses assign powers to such classification, because they make this knowledge stronger by publicising it.Classifying means segregating. It means seeing the world as something that can be made up of different entities that could be sorted and make what has been organized into something real. Thus, the Nursing Diagnoses (ND) aims at being an archive that allows a knowledge framework to be drawn about the individuals. In this paper we intend to learn how nurses have built this documental device. So, we analysed articles published on the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and found out that some meanings have been attributed to ND, which allowed us to group them into five classes. We also observed that the journals discourses assign powers to such classification, because they make this knowledge stronger by publicising it.

Grau de dependência dos pacientes em relação à equipe de enfermagem: uma ferramenta de gestão

Objetivo: Medir el grado de dependencia de los pacientes en relacion con el equipo de enfermeria utilizando el Sistema de Clasificacion de Pacientes (SCP) propuesto por Perroca. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio que aplico la herramienta desarrollada por Perroca durante 43 dias, entre agosto y septiembre de 2014, en una unidad de internacion clinica y quirurgica de un hospital universitario en la region sur de Brasil. Resultados: Fueron efectuadas 641 evaluaciones, las cuales evidenciaron que: en 329 (51,3%) de las observaciones, los pacientes necesitaron de cuidados semi-intensivos; seguido de 205 (32%) pacientes para cuidados intermediarios; 92 (14,4%), de cuidados intensivos; y 15 (2,3%), de cuidados minimos. Conclusion: Fue constatada la dependencia de los pacientes en relacion al cuidado de enfermeria, ademas de evidenciar mayor concentracion de evaluaciones en cuidados semi-intensivos. El resultado propone reflexionar acerca de los cambios en el perfil epidemiologico de los pacientes internados en la institucion.

Grados de dependencia de pacientes en relación con el equipo de enfermería: una herramienta de gestión

Objetivo: Medir el grado de dependencia de los pacientes en relacion con el equipo de enfermeria utilizando el Sistema de Clasificacion de Pacientes (SCP) propuesto por Perroca. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio que aplico la herramienta desarrollada por Perroca durante 43 dias, entre agosto y septiembre de 2014, en una unidad de internacion clinica y quirurgica de un hospital universitario en la region sur de Brasil. Resultados: Fueron efectuadas 641 evaluaciones, las cuales evidenciaron que: en 329 (51,3%) de las observaciones, los pacientes necesitaron de cuidados semi-intensivos; seguido de 205 (32%) pacientes para cuidados intermediarios; 92 (14,4%), de cuidados intensivos; y 15 (2,3%), de cuidados minimos. Conclusion: Fue constatada la dependencia de los pacientes en relacion al cuidado de enfermeria, ademas de evidenciar mayor concentracion de evaluaciones en cuidados semi-intensivos. El resultado propone reflexionar acerca de los cambios en el perfil epidemiologico de los pacientes internados en la institucion.