Maria Henriqueta Luce Kruse

A humanização e seus múltiplos discursos: análise a partir da REBEn

This study focuses the meanings and transformations of healthcare humanization along the time through a literature review. The analysis is pointed out by a reading hipothesis of Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (REBEn) and inspired by the ideas of Michel Focault, specially his discourse concept. It was identified as discourse apperaring condition: the nursing professional characteristics, the association of humanization meaning to scientific knowledge and the re-affirmation of its traditional meaning related to the new health policies. As delimiting instance of discourse it is presented: nursing, government, and technology. It is also presented the sense attributed to humanization since 1970 decade until the present time. Descriptors: Nursing care; Delivery of health care; Nursing. RESUMENThis study focuses the meanings and transformations of healthcare humanization along the time through a literature review. The analysis is pointed out by a reading hipothesis of Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (REBEn) and inspired by the ideas of Michel Focault, specially his discourse concept. It was identified as discourse appering condition: the nursing professional characteristics, the association of humanization meaning to scientific knowledge and the re-affirmation of its traditional meaning related to the new health policies. As delimiting instance of discourse it is presented: nursing, government, and technology. It is also presented the sense attributed to humanization since 1970 decade until the present time.

Discursos de enfermeiras sobre morte e morrer: vontade ou verdade?

We consider looking at the death and dying as a social, historical and cultural construction. Thus, in we approach them to the Cultural Studies to know nurses speeches on the subject. The research is periodic articles of two national ones of nursing. In the analyses we use tools proposals for Michel Foucault that they make possible to constitute four categories: the silenced and occulted death; stopping one it fights against the death; the death in scene: multiplicity of faces and the palliative death and cares: paradigm change. The study detaches the way as the publications operate in the production of knowing on the death and dying to them and subjectiving the nurses.Propomos olhar para a morte e o morrer como uma construcao social, historica e cultural. Assim, nos aproximamos dos Estudos Culturais para conhecer discursos de enfermeiras sobre o tema. O corpus da pesquisa sao artigos de dois periodicos nacionais de enfermagem. Nas analises utilizamos ferramentas propostas por Michel Foucault que possibilitaram constituir quatro categorias: a morte silenciada e ocultada; travando uma luta contra a morte; a morte em cena: multiplicidade de facetas e a morte e os cuidados paliativos: mudanca de paradigma. O estudo destaca o modo como as publicacoes operam na producao dos saberes sobre a morte e o morrer subjetivando as enfermeiras.(AU) We consider looking at the death and dying as a social, historical and cultural construction. Thus, in we approach them to the Cultural Studies to know nursesi speeches on the subject. The research is periodic articles of two national ones of nursing. In the analyses we use tools proposals for Michel Foucault that they make possible to constitute four categories: the silenced and occulted death; stopping one it fights against the death; the death in scene: multiplicity of faces and the palliative death and cares: paradigm change. The study detaches the way as the publications operate in the production of knowing on the death and dying to them and subjectiving the nurses.(AU) Nos proponemos mirar la muerte y el morir como una construccion social, historica y cultural. Asi, nos aproximamos a los Estudios Culturales para conocer discursos de enfermeras sobre el tema. El corpus de la investigacion son articulos de dos periodicos nacionales de enfermeria. En nuestros analisis utilizamos herramientas propuestas por Michel Foucault que posibilitaran construir cuatro categorias: la muerte silenciada y ocultada; entablando una lucha contra la muerte; la muerte en escena: multiplicidad de facetas, y la muerte y los cuidados paliativos: cambio de paradigma. El estudio destaca el modo en que las publicaciones operan en la produccion de los saberes sobre la muerte y el morir subjetivando a las enfermeras.(AU)We consider looking at the death and dying as a social, historical and cultural construction. Thus, in we approach them to the Cultural Studies to know nursesspeeches on the subject. The research is periodic articles of two national ones of nursing. In the analyses we use tools proposals for Michel Foucault that they make possible to constitute four categories: the silenced and occulted death; stopping one it fights against the death; the death in scene: multiplicity of faces and the palliative death and cares: paradigm change. The study detaches the way as the publications operate in the production of knowing on the death and dying to them and subjectiving the nurses. DescriptorsPalliative Cares; Nursing; Death.

Acerca de diretrizes curriculares e projetos pedagógicos: um início de reflexão

This text presents some reflections which we intend to use as subsidies for discussions stemming from the need to implement the current Curricular Guidelines in undergraduate Nursing programs in Brazil. Having as a reference authors who write from a post-critic perspective in Education, the text proposes a change in focus to address these reflections, namely, answers to questions, from certainty to doubt, from prescription to problematization. Following this line, we suggest that curricular guidelines should aim at providing references for the creation of political-pedagogical projects which articulate both with the political and social demands of the broad-based society as to local needs and interests, without attaching to or submitting to them.This text presents some reflections which we intend to use as subsidies for discussions stemming from the need to implement the current Curricular Guidelines in undergraduate Nursing programs in Brazil. Having as a reference authors who write from a post-critic perspective in Education, the text proposes a change in focus to address these reflections, namely, answers to questions, from certainty to doubt, from prescription to problematization. Following this line, we suggest that curricular guidelines should aim at providing references for the creation of political-pedagogical projects which articulate both with the political and social demands of the broad-based society as to local needs and interests, without attaching to or submitting to them. Descriptors: national curricular guidelines; nursing curricula; nursing education Title: About curricular guidelines and pedagogical projects: starting a reflection

Diretrizes curriculares de enfermagem: governando corpos de enfermeiras

Curricular Directives aim to organize courses and careers towards establishing professional identities. In this sense, the National Curricular Directives for Undergraduate Nursing Education define the foundations for the education of nurses in Brazil, pointing out the knowledge considered important for the profession. We base ourselves on the presuppositions found in Michel Foucault’s work to carry out a textual analysis of the discourses conveyed by the Curricular Directives for Nursing, questioning them as a strategy to govern and subjectivize that acts upon the bodies of future nurses. The reflections herein point towards a document that can be seen as an instrument that intends to normalize students and constitute them to become nurses. Thus, the profile of a “good” and a “bad” professional is defined, normalizing bodies and attitudes, not allowing them to think and create another way and instituting a “regime of truth” that produces a certain type of nurse. DesCriPtOrs: Nursing education. Discourse. Role of nursing professionals. Government DireCtriCes CurriCulares De enfermerÍa: gObernanDO CuerPOs De enfermeras resumen: Directrices Curriculares objetivan la organización de cursos y carreras para la constitución de identidades profesionales. En este sentido, las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para la Enseñanza de Grado en Enfermería definen los fundamentos para la formación de enfermeras en el país, apuntando al tipo de conocimiento considerado importante en la profesión. Nos apoyamos en los presupuestos de la obra de Michel Foucault para realizar un análisis textual de los discursos difundidos por las Directrices Curriculares de Enfermería, problematizándolos como una estrategia de gobernar y de hacer subjetivo que actúa sobre los cuerpos de las futuras enfermeras. Las reflexiones apuntan a un documento que se puede ver como un instrumento que pretende normalizar a las alumnas y constituirlas para que se vuelvan enfermeras. Así se define el perfil de la “buena” y de la “mala” profesional, sistematizando los cuerpos y sus actitudes, sin permitirles que piensen y que hagan las cosas de otro modo e instituyendo un “régimen de verdades” que produce cierto tipo de enfermera. DesCriPtOres: Educación en enfermería. Discurso. Papel del profesional de enfermería. Gobierno.

No olho do furacão, na ilha da fantasia: a invenção da residência multiprofissional em saúde

Trata da Residencia Multiprofissional em Saude como uma invencao cultural constituida a partir do SUS e intenciona a inquietacao e desestabilizacao de verdades sobre a residencia multiprofissional. Utiliza o referencial teorico pos-estruturalista, com base nas ferramentas de Foucault: discurso, poder e dispositivo. Aponta que essa invencao cultural se deu com a edificacao de discursos que falam sobre o que a residencia e ou deveria ser. O texto procura mostrar como o tema se apresenta nos materiais produzidos e veiculados pelo Estado, pelos residentes, profissionais de saude, programas de residencia e medicos (residentes ou nao). Os discursos dividem-se entre aqueles que falam a favor e contra a proposta. Neste ultimo se incluem as producoes dos homens da categoria medica, que ocupam espacos de poder. A favor, falam sujeitos sem distincao de genero, articulam-na com outros poderosos discursos como o da integralidade e o do SUS.

Constituindo sujeitos anoréxicos: discursos da revista Capricho

Los medios de comunicacion han sido esenciales para la constitucion de la identidad moderna y en la produccion de conceptos y comportamientos, educando, disciplinando y regulando cuerpos, constituyendo sujetos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar discursos sobre el cuerpo adolescente en la revista Capricho, de 2005 a 2007, y reflexionar sobre los sentidos que provocan. Es un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa, con abordaje exploratorio, situado en el campo de los Estudios Culturales, en la version posestructuralista, utilizando ideas de Michel Foucault. Al analizar esos discursos, creamos las siguientes categorias - Coleccionando dietas, Adicta a la gimnasia y a Ropas para esconder el cuerpo. Evaluamos que la revista, al dirigirse al publico adolescente, se constituye en un poderoso artefacto cultural que opera para producir sujetos anorexicos. Entendemos que estudios de esta naturaleza son importantes, ya que proporcionan intervenciones pedagogicas. Los trastornos alimentarios se desarrollan a traves de una compleja trama social y biologica y el rol de la enfermera es importante en su prevencion.

Ordem como tarefa: a construção dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem

Classifying means segregating. It means seeing the world as something that can be made up of different entities that could be sorted and make what has been organized into something real. Thus, the Nursing Diagnoses (ND) aims at being an archive that allows a knowledge framework to be drawn about the individuals. In this paper we intend to learn how nurses have built this documental device. So, we analysed articles published on the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and found out that some meanings have been attributed to ND, which allowed us to group them into five classes. We also observed that the journals discourses assign powers to such classification, because they make this knowledge stronger by publicising it.Classifying means segregating. It means seeing the world as something that can be made up of different entities that could be sorted and make what has been organized into something real. Thus, the Nursing Diagnoses (ND) aims at being an archive that allows a knowledge framework to be drawn about the individuals. In this paper we intend to learn how nurses have built this documental device. So, we analysed articles published on the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and found out that some meanings have been attributed to ND, which allowed us to group them into five classes. We also observed that the journals discourses assign powers to such classification, because they make this knowledge stronger by publicising it.

É possível pensar de outro modo a educação em enfermagem

Abstract Resumen Keywords:Education, Nursing. Education, Higher. History of Nursing.Palabras clave: Educacion en Enfermeria. EducacionSuperior. Historia de la Enfermeria. E POSSIVEL PENSAR DE OUTRO MODOA EDUCACAO EM ENFERMAGEM? a Is it Possible to View Nursing Education Differently??Es Posible Pensar de Otra Manera la Educacion en Enfermeria? Maria Henriqueta Luce Kruse 1 Discorre sobre as praticas pedagogicas que constituem a enfermeira, onde se estabelecem, regulam e modificam asrelacoes deste sujeito consigo mesmo e nas quais se constitui a experiencia de si. Aponta os discursos que a produzem,as condicoes de possibilidades do aparecimento desta profissao no Brasil, os repertorios de modos de experiencia desi e os dispositivos para formacao de seus membros, destacando quatro aspectos da Tese “Os poderes dos corposfrios”: a disciplina de Anatomia, as tecnicas de enfermagem, o exame fisico e os diagnosticos de enfermagem, aqui vistoscomo dispositivos produtores dos corpos frios. Aponta tais estrategias de ensino como representativas de um determinadomodo de ensinar enfermagem, ressaltando que os mecanismos disciplinares que permeiam o modo como ensinamospodem nos impedir de pensar de outro modo o ensino de enfermagem.Considers the pedagogical practices that are used in nursingwhere the relations of this person are established, regulated,and modified with themselves and where their own experienceis made up. It points out the discourses that produce this,the conditions of possibilities of the rise of this profession inBrazil, the repertoires of ways of experiencing themselves,and the instruments for the formation of its members,focusing on four aspects of the Thesis The powers of thecold bodies: the discipline of Anatomy, the nursing techniques,the physical exam, and the nursing diagnosis here viewed asapparatuses that produce cold bodies. It points out suchteaching strategies as representative of a certain way ofteaching nursing, pointing out that the disciplinary mechanismsthat permeate the way how we teach can keep us from thinkingthat nursing instruction could be done differently.Discurre sobre las practicas pedagogicas que constituyen laenfermera, donde se establecen, regulan y modifican lasrelaciones de este sujeto consigo mismo y en las cuales seconstituye la experiencia de si. Apunta a los discursos que laproducen, las condiciones de posibilidades del nacimiento deesta profesion en Brasil, los repertorios de modos deexperiencia de si y los dispositivos para la formacion de susmiembros, destacando cuatro aspectos de la Tesis. “Lospoderes de los cuerpos frios: la disciplina de Anatomia”, lastecnicas de enfermeria, el examen fisico y los diagnosticos deenfermeria, aqui vistos como dispositivos productores de loscuerpos frios. Apunta tales estrategias de ensenanza comorepresentativas de un determinado modo de ensenarenfermeria, resaltando que los mecanismos disciplinarios queatraviesan la forma de como ensenamos nos pueden impedirpensar de otra manera la ensenanza de enfermeria.

Self-care of patients in conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency

7 Masters student of the Nursing Graduate Program, UFRGS. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. E-mail: francielefrc@ gmail.com ABSTRACT: This qualitative research was developed in the renal outpatient clinic of a public hospital in the south of Brazil. The objective of the study was to describe how patients in conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency care for themselves. Fifteen patients in conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency participated in the research. A narrative interview was used for the collection of data. The following themes were identified: lifestyle, continuity, changes and adaptations; the use of drugs in self-care; outpatient monitoring in conservative treatment; and physical activity and leisure in self-care. It was concluded that the self-care of patients in conservative treatment is expressed through attitudes that range from denial to acceptance of the chronic condition. It is necessary to think about health promotion more amply, seeking quality of life for patients in conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency for self-care. DESCRIPTORS: Chronic renal insufficiency. Nursing. Activities of daily living. Chronic disease. Life change events.ThisqualitativeresearchwasdevelopedintherenaloutpatientclinicofapublichospitalinthesouthofBrazil.�The� objectiveofthestudywastodescribehowpatientsinconservativetreatmentofchronicrenalinsufficiencycareforthemselves.�Fifteen� patientsinconservativetreatmentofchronicrenalinsufficiencyparticipatedintheresearch.�Anarrativeinterviewwasusedforthe� collectionofdata.�Thefollowingthemeswereidentified:� lifestyle,�continuity,�changesandadaptations;�theuseofdrugsinself-care;� outpatientmonitoringinconservativetreatment;�andphysicalactivityandleisureinself-care.�Itwasconcludedthattheself-careof� patientsinconservativetreatmentisexpressedthroughattitudesthatrangefromdenialtoacceptanceofthechroniccondition.�Itis� necessarytothinkabouthealthpromotionmoreamply,�seekingqualityoflifeforpatientsinconservativetreatmentofchronicrenal� insufficiencyforself-care. DESCRIPTORS:�Chronicrenalinsufficiency.�Nursing.�Activitiesofdailyliving.�Chronicdisease.�Lifechangeevents.

Internação domiciliar e internação hospitalar: semelhanças e diferenças no olhar do cuidador familiar

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como o cuidador familiar constroi as representacoes sociais da internacao domiciliar na terminalidade, em relacao a internacao hospitalar. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo com 11 cuidadores familiares de doentes terminais, cadastrados no servico de internacao domiciliar de um hospital universitario do sul do Brasil. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas narrativas, analisadas por meio de analise de conteudo com olhar nas representacoes sociais. Como a internacao domiciliar e recente, os cuidadores a relacionam com a internacao hospitalar, para poder assim representa-la. Ela significa acesso mais facilitado a recursos tecnologicos, e tambem a equipe de referencia deste servico. Alem disso, a internacao domiciliar representa mais liberdade e autonomia ao paciente, entretanto, para o cuidador, mais privacao e responsabilizacao. A internacao hospitalar representa privacao para o paciente, e mais liberdade para o cuidador.