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Plant Molecular Biology Reporter | 2015

Metabolic Engineering of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Hairy Root Cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana

Anja Kastell; Rita Zrenner; Monika Schreiner; L. Kroh; Christian Ulrichs; Iryna Smetanska; Inga Mewis

Two cytochrome P450 proteins, CYP79F1 and CYP79F2, are involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates (GSs) in brassicaceous species. In order to increase aliphatic GS levels in Arabidopsis thaliana hairy root cultures (HRCs) with the aim of biomanufacturing GSs, CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 from either Arabidopsis thaliana or Brassica rapa were first constitutively expressed in stably transformed Arabidopsis plants, and then HRC was induced by additional transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Gene expression levels and GS profiles were analyzed in HRC in order to validate the impact on aliphatic levels. To estimate the potency of gene transformation on GS content in HRC, GS levels were compared to levels in roots and leaves of transformed plants. According to the data obtained, short-chain aliphatic GSs in plants were raised in three generations after transformation, indicating that expression of transgenes was stable. After HRC induction, transcript levels of CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 rose and short-chain aliphatic GS levels increased by as much as 7-fold compared to the respective HRC wild-type control. However, when compared to levels present in leaves and roots of plants before HRC induction, aliphatic GS levels in HRC remained very low. In addition, expression of CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 also enhanced the content of indole GSs, mainly indol-3-ylmethyl GS and 4-hydroxy-indol-3-ylmethyl GS in HRC. The results presented provide basic information about GS biosynthesis in HRC of Arabidopsis thaliana compared to intact plants, which will help scientists to further optimize GS composition in HRC in the future.


Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung | 1991

l-Ascorbinsäure als Carbonylkomponente nichtenzymatischer Bräunungsreaktionen

Jana Löscher; L. Kroh; Günter Westphal; Joachim Vogel

Summaryl-Ascorbic acid is a reactive carbonyl component of non-enzymatic browning reactions. Model systems ([l-ascorbic acid]=0.02 M; temperature=90°C; pH=5.0–8.0) ofl-ascorbic acid with theα-amino acids glycine,d-alanine andl-lysine were studied. The intensity of pigment formation was determined by measurement of absorbance at 430 nm and expressed as an average rate constant¯kB (h−1). Modified enzyme electrodes, with immobilized ascorbate oxidase andd-amino-acid oxidase, were used for enzymatic determinations ofl-ascorbic acid andd-alanine. The formation of brown-coloured pigments in acid and neutral media was found primarily to be caused by thel-ascorbic acid browning reaction; the addition of amino acids to the aqueous reaction system did not significantly influence the browning. Under acid conditions, glycine showed unusual behaviour: it can react with furfural, a degradation product ofl-ascorbic acid, to increase pigment formation. The basic amino acidl-lysine inhibits the autooxidation loss ofl-ascorbic acid. An increase of brown-coloured pigments in basic media is caused by the Strecker degradation of dehydro-l-ascorbic acid with the amino acids investigated.Zusammenfassungl-Ascorbinsäure (AA) fungiert in nichtenzymatischen Bräunungsreaktionen als reaktive Carbonylkomponente. Ihr Reaktionsverhalten wurde in wäßrigen Reaktionsgemischen (


European Food Research and Technology | 1990

l-Ascorbic acid — A carbonyl component of non-enzymatic browning reactions

Jana Löschner; L. Kroh; Joachim Vogel


European Food Research and Technology | 1989

Untersuchungen zur Maillard-reaktion 18. Mitteilung. radikalische inhibierung der bräunung durch schwefelverbindungen

L. Kroh; S. Zeise; Stösser R; G. Westphal

C_{0_{AA} }


Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung | 1992

Thermisch induzierter Abbau von Disaccharid-Amadori-Verbindungen in quasi wasserfreiem Reaktionsmilieu@@@Heat-induced degradation of disaccharide Amadori compounds under almost water-free reaction conditions

L. Kroh; Clemens Mgge; Roland Schrder; Gnther Westphal; Werner Baltes


European Food Research and Technology | 1992

Thermisch induzierter Abbau von Disaccharid-Amadori-Verbindungen in quasi wasserfreiem Reaktionsmilieu

L. Kroh; Ronald Schrödter; Clemens Mügge; G. Westphal; Werner Baltes

; T=90 °C; pH=5,0–8,0) unter Zusatz der Aminosäuren Glycin,d-Alanin undl-Lysin-monohydrochlorid analysiert. Die Intensität der gebildeten Pigmente wurde durch Messung der Extinktion (λ=430 nm) registriert und als mittlere Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante der nichtenzymatischen Bräunung¯kB [h−1] angegeben. Zur Verfolgung des Abbaus der Reaktanten kamen Enzymelektroden mit immobilisierter Ascorbatoxidase undd-Aminosäureoxidase zum Einsatz. Die Pigmentbildung im sauren und neutralen Milieu ist bevorzugt auf die reine Ascorbinsäurebräunung zurückzuführen und ein Aminosäurezusatz wirkt sich nicht signifikant auf die Bräunung aus. Glycin bildet bei der Bräunung im sauren pH-Milieu eine Ausnahme und reagiert möglicherweise bevorzugt mit dem AA-Abbauprodukt Furfural unter erhöhter Pigmentbildung. Die basische Aminosäure Lysin wirkt hemmend auf den autoxidativen Abbau derl-Ascorbinsäure. Erhöhte Bräunungsintensitäten im basischen pH-Bereich sind dem Strecker-Abbau zwischen oxidierterl-Ascorbinsäure (Dehydro-l-ascorbinsäure) und den genannten Aminoverbindungen zuzuordnen.


Nahrung-food | 1985

Zum Mechanismus der „frühen Phase” der Maillard-Reaktion 1. Mitt. Einfluß der Struktur des Kohlenhydrats und der Aminosäure auf die Bildung des N-Glycosids

Günter Westphal; L. Kroh

ZusammenfassungDas nichtenzymatische Bräunungsverhalten derl-Ascorbinsäure (l-AA) wurde in Modell-systemen (Phosphat-Citrat-Puffer;


Archive | 1991

Prodn. of max. colour and aroma in prepn. of malt prod. - by injecting acid, base or electrolyte soln. to control pH during extrusion of cereal grains

L. Kroh; Heinz Dr Sc Techn Doebler; Monika Dr Ing Kitzing; Bettina Dr Rer Nat Caemmerer


Nahrung-food | 1988

Untersuchungen zur Maillard‐Reaktion 16. Mitt. Zur Reaktivität von Amadori‐Verbindungen in Abhängigkeit vom Reaktionsmilieu

Günter Westphal; L. Kroh; U. Föllmer

c_{0_{AA} }


Nahrung-food | 1985

Zum Mechanismus der „frühen Phase” der Maillard-Reaktion 2. Mitt. Folgereaktionen von N-Glycosiden†

Günter Westphal; L. Kroh

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Günter Westphal

Humboldt University of Berlin

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G. Westphal

Humboldt University of Berlin

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Joachim Vogel

Humboldt University of Berlin

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S. Zeise

Humboldt University of Berlin

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A. Doumbouya

Humboldt University of Berlin

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H. Rawel

Humboldt University of Berlin

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Hubert Köppel

Humboldt University of Berlin

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Jana Löscher

Humboldt University of Berlin

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C. Bochow

Humboldt University of Berlin

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R. Macholz

Humboldt University of Berlin

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