Le Jia

Extraction and antioxidant activities of intracellular polysaccharide from Pleurotus sp. mycelium

The extraction conditions of intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) from Pleurotus sp. mycelium in submerged culture were investigated. Four parameters affecting the IPS extraction, ultrasonic treatment time, extraction temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration, were determined by single factor tests and then optimized by orthogonal experiments. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction rates of IPS of Pleurotus nebrodensis SJ-02, Pleurotus eryngii SI-01 and Pleurotus corncopiae SS-01 were 7.1+/-0.4%, 7.5+/-0.3%, and 8.2+/-0.5%, respectively. The in vitro hydroxyl radical inhibition percentages of IPS of three mushrooms were 32.2+/-2.8%, 16.1+/-1.5%, and 38.7+/-3.1%, respectively. The scavenging effects of IPS on superoxide anion radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were 19.1+/-1.5%, 16.3+/-1.3%, 20.3+/-1.8%, 17.9+/-1.6%, 16.8+/-1.4%, and 20.5+/-1.7%, respectively. The results provide a reference for large-scale production of IPS by Pleurotus sp. in industrial fermentation.

Extraction and in vitro antioxidant activity of intracellular polysaccharide by Pholiota adiposa SX-02

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction parameters for Pholiota adiposa SX-02 intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) produced during submerged culture. The optimum conditions of IPS extraction were predicted to be, ultrasonic power at 564.93 W, precipitation time 30.34 h and pH 8.28, and IPS yield was estimated at 19.75%. The actual value of IPS under these conditions was 20.51%. The in vitro antioxidant results showed that the inhibition effects of IPS at a dosage of 250 mg/l on superoxide anion, hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were 74.66 ± 5.31%, 69.20 ± 5.13%, and 75.20 ± 6.73%, respectively, which were 27.51 ± 2.23%, 16.58 ± 1.33%, and 9.46 ± 0.72% higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. The reducing power of IPS was 0.32 ± 0.02 (absorbance at 700 nm), 39.13 ± 3.47% higher than that of BHT. The results provide a reference for large-scale extraction of IPS by P. adiposa SX-02 in industrial fermentation and the IPS can be used as a potential antioxidant which enhances adaptive immune responses.

Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of residue polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris SU-12

Cordyceps militaris has been artificially cultivated in China, and the great amounts of produced medium residue were discarded after the harvest. The aims of this work were to analyze the structure of the residue polysaccharide (RPS) of C. militaris SU-12, and to investigate the pharmacological effects of RPS on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. RPS was composed of glucose, arabinose and mannose with a ratio of 62:1.6:1 by gas chromatography analysis, and the Mw (weight-average molecular weight), Mn (number-average molecular weight) and Mz (z-average molecular weight) of RPS were 2.86×10(3), 6.85×10(2), and 1.97×10(4)Da, respectively. The mice experiments demonstrated that RPS could reduce the levels of blood and liver lipid, and improve the glutamate pyruvate transaminase and antioxidant activity. The histopathological observations of mice livers indicated that RPS could attenuate liver cell injury. Results suggest that the RPS might be used as a potential antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant product.

Extraction optimization and in vivo antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharide by Morchella esculenta SO-01

Response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction parameters for Morchella esculenta SO-01 exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced during submerged culture. The optimum conditions for EPS extraction were predicted to be, concentration at 84.07 degrees C, precipitation for 22.19 h and pH 8.44, and EPS production was estimated at 5.45 g/L. The actual yield of EPS under these conditions was 5.32 g/L. The antioxidant capacity of the EPS was measured in vivo after filling the stomach with different doses of EPS and results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of blood, spleen, liver, heart, and kidney were increased by 125%, 46.11%, 23.33%, 12.19%, 41.29%, and 63.24%, 63.12%, 166.54%, 98.01%, 57.68%, respectively, and that malonaldehyde (MDA) of blood, spleen, liver, heart, and kidney were decreased by 21.80%, 67.84%, 28.48%, 56.15%, 41.62%. The results provide a reference for large-scale extraction of EPS by M. esculenta SO-01 in industrial fermentation.

Enzymatic and acidic degradation effect on intracellular polysaccharide of Flammulina velutipes SF-08.

The intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) from Flammulina velutipes SF-08 mycelia was isolated and degraded by enzyme and acid. IPS and its derivative were purified by DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography, and five fractions were obtained. The structural features and antioxidant activities in vitro of the isolated fractions were evaluated. On the basis of chemical composition and antioxidant ability analyses, rhamnose as the main monosaccharide might contribute to the strongest antioxidant capacity. The in vivo results showed that IPS significantly enhanced the activities of anti-aging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and reduced the content of lipid peroxidantion (LPO). These results suggested that IPS should be a potent natural polymer and can be developed to be novel functional food.

Purification and antioxidant activities of intracellular zinc polysaccharides from Pleurotus cornucopiae SS-03

Intracellular zinc polysaccharides (IZPS) from Pleurotus cornucopiae SS-03 were extracted and purified, and three subfractions (IZPS-1, IZPS-2, and IZPS-3) were separated by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column chromatography. They showed certain scavenging effects on superoxide anion (O2(*-)) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and positive rising of reducing power in vitro. All the subfractions were found upregulated the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxide (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) significantly, decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) remarkably in vivo. In addition, five monosaccharides components, including rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.65:0.05:1:1.50:1.07 and contents of 29.25%, 0.78%, 19.45%, 29.84%, and 20.67%, were investigated by gas chromatography.

Antioxidative and renoprotective effects of residue polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes.

Three extractable polysaccharides including Ac-RPS, Al-RPS and En-RPS were extracted from the residue of Flammulina velutipes and their antioxidative and renoprotective effects on STZ-induced mice were investigated. Biochemical and antioxidant analysis showed that the En-RPS had potential effects in decreasing the serum levels of CRE, BUN, ALB and GLU significantly, increasing the renal activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px remarkably, and reducing the renal contents of MDA prominently. Furthermore, the histopathological observations also displayed that En-RPS could alleviate kidney damage. These results demonstrated that En-RPS extracted from the residue of F. velutipes possessed potent antioxidant activities, and could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for inhibiting the progression of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, the monosaccharide compositions of these three RPS were also analyzed.

Production and in vitro antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide by a mutant, Cordyceps militaris SU5-08.

Cordyceps militaris SU5-08 was derived from an initial strain (C. militaris SU5) by ultraviolet mutagenesis of protoplasts, and the extraction parameters for C. militaris SU5-08 exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced during submerged culture were optimized. The extraction rate of EPS was 1919.16±165.27 mg/l, which was 120.38±11.36% higher than that of C. militaris SU5. The in vitro scavenging effects of EPS of C. militaris SU5-08 on hydroxyl, superoxide anion and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at a dosage of 5 g/l were 63.64±3.52%, 75.27±5.16%, and 6.46±5.03%, respectively. The reducing power of EPS of C. militaris SU5-08 was 0.21±0.01. The results suggest that the EPS of C. militaris SU5-08 can be used as a potential antioxidant which enhances adaptive immune responses.

The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus

Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). These conclusions indicated that EIPS, AIPS and IPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs on preventing the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia. In addition, the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate were also processed.

Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of mycelia zinc polysaccharide from Pholiota nameko SW-02.

The objective of this study was to set up the mice hyperlipidemic model to observe the pharmacological effects of mycelia zinc polysaccharide (MZPS) of Pholiota nameko SW-02 on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. IR spectrum of MZPS showed typical structure of fungi polysaccharides. The zinc content, determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, was 16.68±0.73 mg/g. By the analysis of GC and HPGPC, the MZPS was composed of glucose, mannose, galactose and arabinose, and the weight-average molecular weight was 3.64×10(4) Da. The model of hyperlipidemic mice was established by perfusion high-fat emulsion, which caused hyperlipidemia and an increase in oxidative stress. The results showed that the supplementation of MZPS could improve blood lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), liver lipid levels (TC and TG) and antioxidant status (SOD, T-AOC, MDA and LPO). In addition, the histopathological observations of mice livers and the glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities indicated that the MZPS could attenuate liver cell injury. These results demonstrated that the MZPS might be effective in lowering lipid and protecting against high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver.