Xinling Song

Antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of mycelia zinc polysaccharides by Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis.

The aims of this work were designed to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of acidic- and alkali-extractable mycelia zinc polysaccharides (AcMZPS, AlMZPS) from Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis on high-fat-high-cholesterol emulsion-induced hyperlipidemic mice. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that both AcMZPS and AlMZPS had potential hepatoprotective effects by significantly decreasing the levels of LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC, TG, ALT, AST, ALP, MDA and LPO, and remarkably increasing the HDL-C, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in serum lipid/liver homogenate, respectively. In addition, four polysaccharide fractions of AcMZPS-1, AcMZPS-2, AlMZPS-1, and AlMZPS-2, purified from AcMZPS and AlMZPS using DEAE chromatography, respectively, were subjected to monosaccharide composition analysis and valuated for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The results obtained in present study suggested that AcMZPS, AlMZPS and their purified fractions could be used as functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Antioxidative, anti-inflammation and lung-protective effects of mycelia selenium polysaccharides from Oudemansiella radicata

The present work was designed to investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and pulmonary protective effects of SMPS and MPS from Oudemansiella radicata on LPS-induced lung injured mice. The results demonstrated that SMPS showed potential effects on relieving lung injury and preventing oxidative stress, reflecting by decreasing the serum levels of C3, CRP and GGT, increasing the pulmonary activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC, as well as down-regulating the MDA and LPO contents, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of TNF-α (224.211±3.12ng/mL), IL-1β (254.557±2.18ng/L), and IL-6 (18.214±0.15ng/L) in BALF of mice treated with SMPS at the dosage of 400mg/kg/d significantly lower than that in the lung injured mice. These conclusions indicated that both SMPS and MPS possessed potent antioxidants and anti-inflammation activities, and could be used as functional foods and natural drugs in preventing lung injury.

Characterization, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and renoprotection effects of selenized mycelia polysaccharides from Oudemansiella radicata

The present work investigated the characteristics, antioxidative, anti-inflammative and renoprotective effects of mycelia selenized polysaccharides (MSPS) from Oudemansiella radicata on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney damaged mice. The results demonstrated that both MSPS and mycelia polysaccharides (MPS) showed potential renoprotective effects reflecting by decreasing the serum levels of CRE, BUN and UA, increasing the nephritic enzyme activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC, reducing the activities of MPO, as well as down-regulating the contents of MDA and LPO, respectively. And the MSPS showed superior effects. Furthermore, the selenium contents and physical properties of polysaccharides were investigated by FAAS, GC, HPGPC, FT-IR, NMR and AFM analysis, and the results indicated that MSPS was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 3.12×104Da. These results may provide theoretical basis in applying natural and functional foods for the prevention and alleviation of kidney damages and its complications.

Protective effects on liver, kidney and pancreas of enzymatic- and acidic-hydrolysis of polysaccharides by spent mushroom compost ( Hypsizigus marmoreus )

The present work investigated the protective effects on liver, kidneys and pancreas of spent mushroom compost polysaccharide (SCP) and its hydrolysates (enzymatic- (ESCP) and acid-hydrolyzed SCP (ASCP)) from Hypsizigus marmoreus, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results showed that enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)) and non-enzymatic activities (total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) were significantly increased, the lipid peroxide contents (lipid peroxide (LPO) and malonaldehyde (MDA)) were remarkably reduced, and the clinical parameters were observably mitigated in diabetic mice treated with these three polysaccharides. Furthermore, histological observations also indicated recovery. These conclusions demonstrated that both SCP and its hydrolysates ESCP and ASCP possessed potent antioxidant activities and can be used as a potentially functional food for the prevention of diabetes and its complications induced by STZ.

Anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of alkali-extractable mycelia polysaccharides by Pleurotus eryngii var. tuolensis

In this study, we noted that the Al-MPS from Pleurotus eryngii var. tuolensis provoked pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles and oxidative stress. Animal studies demonstrated that Al-MPS showed potential effects on relieving hyperlipidemia and preventing oxidative stress, reflecting by decreasing the levels of serum enzyme activities (ALP, ALT and AST), restoring the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC), down-regulating the MDA and LPO contents, as well as remitting the hepatic and cardiac tissues injury, respectively. The serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and HDL-C on mice treated with Al-MPS (500mg/kg bw) reached 2.48±0.08, 1.24±0.03, 0.84±0.02, 0.34±0.02, and 1.80±0.03mmol/L, which were lower/higher against the hyperlipidemia mice. The results clearly indicated that the Al-MPS could be used as a beneficial health food and potentially natural candidate medicine in preventing the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia.

Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor

In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. In addition, the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress were investigated. The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress.

Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. The monosaccharide analysis showed that rhamnose (Rha) and glucose (Glu) may play vital roles in maintaining the antioxidant and anti-aging activities. The results suggested that both AcAPS and its purified fractions might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the acute aging-associated diseases.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of intracellular mycelium polysaccharides from Pleurotus geesteranus against alcoholic liver diseases

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of intracellular mycelium polysaccharides from Pleurotus geesteranus (IMPP) to address acute alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Animal studies have demonstrated that the hepatic parameters of CYP2E1, MPO, TC, ALT, AST and ALP, HDLC, LDL-C and VLDL-C were improved; the inflammatory factor levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, were decreased; the hepatic ADH and ALDH activities were inhibited; the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and T-AOC were enhanced; and the MDA and LPO contents were reduced by IMPP treatment. Furthermore, the liver histopathology confirmed the beneficial effects of IMPP against ALD in mice, demonstrating that IMPP had the potential to remediate alcoholic hepatitis. Besides the properties of typical pyran-type polysaccharides obtained by β-glycosidic bonding rich in fucose, the results demonstrated that IMPP might be used as a functional food and natural medicine for preventing ALD and its complications.

The regulation of inflammation and oxidative status against lung injury of residue polysaccharides by Lentinula edodes

In present study, two hydrolyzed residue polysaccharides (RPS) of enzymatic-RPS (ERPS) and acidic-RPS (ARPS) were successfully obtained from the residue of Lentinula edodes, and the anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidative effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS-induced) lung injured mice were investigated. The results demonstrated that ERPS showed superior lung protective effects by ameliorating the lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio, reducing the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in BALF, lowing the pulmonary MPO activity, decreasing the serum C3 and hs-CPR contents, as well as improving the antioxidant status by enhancing pulmonary enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC) and eliminating the lipid peroxidation (MDA and LPO), respectively. These conclusions indicated that both RPS and its hydrolysates (ARPS and ERPS) might be suitable for functional foods and a potentially effective candidate medicine for the treatment of lung injury.

Antihyperglycaemic and organic protective effects on pancreas, liver and kidney by polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus SG-02 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

The present work was designed to investigate the antihyperglycaemic and protective effects of two Hericium erinaceus intracellular polysaccharide (HIPS) purified fractions (HIPS1 and HIPS2) from mycelia of H. erinaceus SG-02 on pancreas, liver and kidney in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The supplementation of HIPS1 and HIPS2 significantly decreased the blood glucose (GLU) levels; suppressed the abnormal elevations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels in serum; improved the antioxidant enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)) activities; and attenuated the pathological damage to these organs. The HIPS1 showed superior effects in antihyperglycaemia and organic protection than HIPS2 possible owing to the abundant functional groups (-NH2, -COOH and S=O) in HIPS1, indicating that H. erinaceus SG-02 could be used as a functional food and natural drug for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.