Leonie Reutner

The color red reduces snack food and soft drink intake

Based on evidence that the color red elicits avoidance motivation across contexts (Mehta & Zhu, 2009), two studies investigated the effect of the color red on snack food and soft drink consumption. In line with our hypothesis, participants drank less from a red labeled cup than from a blue labeled cup (Study 1), and ate less snack food from a red plate than from a blue or white plate (Study 2). The results suggest that red functions as a subtle stop signal that works outside of focused awareness and thereby reduces incidental food and drink intake.

For my own benefit or for the benefit of others : Reminders of money moderate the effects of self-related versus other-related persuasive arguments

Persuading people to follow a behavioral recommendation can be attempted by outlining the negative consequences for those performing this behavior or by outlining the negative consequences for others. Prior research has shown that reminding people of money (e.g., touching money) leads to higher self-sufficiency resulting in more self-focused and less social behavior. Consequently, the authors show that touching money also affects the persuasiveness of arguments focusing on the self versus other people. After reading an argument outlining the negative consequences of a behavior (e.g., smoking) for the person performing that behavior (e.g., premature skin aging), participants reported stronger intentions to abstain from that behavior when they had previously touched money compared to a control group. In contrast, following arguments that stressed the negative consequences the behavior had for other people (e.g., children imitating smoking behavior), participants who had touched money reported less inclination for behavioral change compared to a control group.

The cold heart : Reminders of money cause feelings of physical coldness

Mere reminders of money have been shown to cause socially “cold” behavior. Recent research suggests that the metaphor of “social coldness” is bodily grounded and thus linked to actual sensations of physical coldness. We therefore hypothesized that reminding individuals of money causes them to feel physically colder. This hypothesis was put to test in two studies, drawing on predictions from psychophysiological thermal perception. In Study 1, individuals who had been reminded of money perceived the air in the room as colder compared to a control group (an assimilation effect). Contrarily, in Study 2, they perceived water (a medium that was only momentarily experienced) as warmer compared to individuals not reminded of money (a contrast effect). Together these findings demonstrate that reminders of money cause sensations of actual physical coldness and add to the literature of both the psychological effects of money and human thermal perception.