Luana Elayne Cunha de Souza

Valores humanos e interesses vocacionais: um estudo correlacional

The manner students’ vocational interests are linked to their value priorities is analyzed. Participants comprised 307 undergraduate students, mean age 16 years (SD = 1.60), from private and public schools of Joao Pessoa PB Brazil. They answered the Vocational Interest Inventory (UNIACT), Basic Value Survey (BVS), and demographic questions. Results show correlations between vocational interests and human values. These findings may be discussed as a result of the congruencies among the descriptive traits of the two constructs.

Motivações para responder sem preconceito: evidências de uma medida frente a gays e lésbicas

The current article aimed to find psychometric evidences in the Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale (Plant & Devine, 1998) taking into account two target-groups: gays and lesbians. Two studies were carried out. In Study 1 participants were 234 subjects from the general population of Joao Pessoa-PB, with mean age of 26 years old, most of them female (54.3%) and heterosexual (95%). They answered the gay version of the Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale (IEM Scale). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two-factor model (AGFI = .94, CFI = .98, and RMSEA = .05) is the most adequate. Cronbachs Alphas for the factors were .74 (internal motivation) and .76 (external motivation). In Study 2 participants were 202 subjects of general population from the same city, with mean age of 25 years old, most of them female (60.9%) and heterosexual (95%). They answered the lesbian version IEM Scale. Corroborating the previous study, a two-factor model was more adequate (AGFI = .90, CFI = .95, and RMSEA = .08). Cronbachs Alphas for the two factors were .71 (internal motivation) and .84 (external motivation). Complementary evidences of the construct validity were also presented. In conclusion, the results support the psychometric adequacy (factorial validity, convergent-discriminant validity, and reliability) of the IEM Scale suggesting it can be used in future studies about prejudice toward gays and lesbians.

Preconceito contra homossexuais no contexto do futebol

Este estudo analisa a relacao entre as crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade e a homofobia no futebol. Participaram 184 jogadores de futebol portugueses. Os resultados demonstram que os participantes do sexo feminino apresentam-se com menos atitudes preconceituosas do que os do sexo masculino e os mais novos exprimem maior homofobia do que os participantes mais velhos. Relativamente as crencas, os esportistas com maior adesao as crencas de natureza etico-moral da homossexualidade exprimem mais atitudes homofobicas. Ja os esportistas com maior adesao a crenca sobre a natureza da homossexualidade baseada em justificativas culturais sao aqueles com atitudes menos homofobicas. Os resultados sao discutidos a luz do papel desempenhado pelas crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade enquanto principios organizadores do preconceito homofobico.This study examines the relationship between beliefs about the nature of homosexuality and homophobia in the soccer context. Participated 184 Portuguese soccer players, most of them were male (74%) with a mean age of 24.5 years. Participants responded to scales of beliefs about homosexuality, prejudice and emotional expression. The results show that female participants expressed less prejudiced attitudes than male ones, and that younger expressed greater homophobia than older participants. Regarding beliefs, participants who more adhered to ethical-moral beliefs about the nature of homosexuality expressed more homophobic attitudes, while participants who more strongly endorsed belief on the cultural nature of homosexuality expressed less homophobic attitudes. The results are discussed in light of the role played by the beliefs about the nature of homosexuality as organising principles of homophobic prejudice.

Self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between subjective well-being and general health of military cadets

O objetivo do presente estudo e investigar o papel da crenca na autoeficacia como mediadora da relacao entre o bem-estar subjetivo e a saude geral de cadetes militares (policiais e bombeiros). Para tanto, participaram 228 cadetes, sendo a maioria de oficiais da Policia Militar (65%), do sexo masculino (79%), com idades variando entre 17 e 34 anos (99%), e declarados solteiros (74%). Estes responderam as medidas de saude geral (QSG-12), autoeficacia geral percebida, as multiplas escalas que compoem o bem-estar subjetivo e perguntas demograficas. Analises iniciais de regressao apontam o poder preditivo do bem-estar subjetivo sobre a saude geral. Posteriormente, as analises de mediacao fornecem evidencias satisfatorias para o papel da crenca na autoeficacia como mediador da relacao entre as variaveis do bem-estar subjetivo e a saude geral de cadetes militares. As implicacoes destes resultados na formacao dos cadetes sao discutidas.The objective of this study is to investigate the role of self-efficacy beliefs as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being and general health of military cadets (police and firefighters). For this study, 228 cadets participated, the majority being Military Police officer candidates (65%), male (79%), between 17 and 34 years of age (99%), and unmarried (74%). They responded to questionnaires on general health (GHQ-12), perceived general self-efficacy, to the multiple scales that cover subjective well-being, and demographic questions. Initial regression analyses indicate the predictive power of subject well-being regarding general health. Subsequently, the mediation analyses provide satisfactory evidence for the role of perceived self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being variables and the overall health of military cadets. The implications of these results for the professional training of the cadets are discussed.

Desenvolvimento e Validação da Escala de Crenças sobre a Doença Mental

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new instrument, the Beliefs about Mental Illness Scale (BAMIS). This scale was designed to evaluate the beliefs underlying the nature of mental illness. In Study 1, items were developed based on 60 interviews with mental health professionals, relatives of mental inpatients, and focus groups with psychology students. Study 2 was conducted with 491 college students, at the mean age of 23 years (SD = 6.00), and aimed to test the validity and internal consistency of the scale. Study 3 was performed with 254 students at the mean age of 25 years (SD = 8.00) and aimed to replicate the previous study using a confirmatory approach. Across three studies, the BAMIS demonstrated a stable factor structure, consisting of six factors (psychological, socioeconomic, biological, drug use, religious and contingency), all with high internal consistency coefficients. The final version of the scale was composed of thirty items.

Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Burnout em Cadetes Militares: O Papel Mediador da Autoeficácia

Este trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipotese de que a autoeficacia atua como mediador entre o bem-estar subjetivo e o burnout. Participaram 228 cadetes, com idade media de 24 anos (DP = 0,85), sendo 148 policiais e 80 bombeiros. As analises de regressao demonstram que as variaveis do bem-estar subjetivo, principalmente a vitalidade subjetiva e os afetos negativos, predizem significativamente o burnout e suas subdimensoes. As analises de mediacao feitas provem evidencias empiricas satisfatorias para o papel mediador desempenhado pela autoeficacia. Esses resultados poderao apoiar o planejamento de intervencoes que visem o fortalecimento da autoeficacia em cadetes. A academia deve fornecer aos cadetes nao apenas as tecnicas e conhecimentos imprescindiveis para a atuacao profissional, mas tambem proporcionar o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de autorregulacao que possibilitem um senso maior de autoeficacia, alem de condicoes educacionais e laborais adequadas.

Racial prejudice and social values: how I perceive others and myself

The process of attribution values to some groups can be used as a resource for determining differences between ingroup and outgroup, what may lead to discriminatory behavior against the outgroup. In this sense, the present study sought to determine whether individuals perceive dissimilarities between the values attibuted to themselves, to white and to black people, and if these dissimilarities can follow a prejudice-based logic, expressing subtle racial prejudice. Study 1 (n = 220) aimed to rank the values in terms of socio-economic progress, identifying values that are representative of developed and underdeveloped countries. Study 2 (n = 420) evaluated whether the values attibuted to themselves, to the black and to the white are different and this difference follows a prejudice-based. Overall, results showed a tendency towards the association of third world values such as collectivism to blacks, and first world values such as individualism to whites.

Questionários dos valores básicos - Diagnóstico (QVB-D): evidências de validade de construto

Este estudo teve como objetivo construir o Questionario dos Valores Basicos, versao diagnostico (QVB-D), reunindo evidencias de sua validade de construto (validades fatorial e convergente e consistencia interna). No caso, teve-se em conta a teoria funcionalista dos valores humanos, identificando suas subfuncoes e tres valores para representar cada uma. Participaram 210 estudantes do ensino medio e universitarios de Joao Pessoa (PB), com idade media de 18,3 anos (DP = 2,94), a maioria do sexo feminino (61,4%). Estes responderam o QVB-D e perguntas demograficas. Para conhecer evidencias de validade fatorial do instrumento, foram realizadas analises fatoriais confirmatorias, ademais para avaliar a consistencia interna tres indicadores foram utilizados. Os resultados apoiaram a adequacao de sua versao com 54 itens, mostrando evidencias de validade de construto. Conclui-se que este e um instrumento psicometricamente adequado, podendo ser utilizado em pesquisas futuras e na pratica profissional do psicologo.

Prejudice against homosexuals in the soccer context

Este estudo analisa a relacao entre as crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade e a homofobia no futebol. Participaram 184 jogadores de futebol portugueses. Os resultados demonstram que os participantes do sexo feminino apresentam-se com menos atitudes preconceituosas do que os do sexo masculino e os mais novos exprimem maior homofobia do que os participantes mais velhos. Relativamente as crencas, os esportistas com maior adesao as crencas de natureza etico-moral da homossexualidade exprimem mais atitudes homofobicas. Ja os esportistas com maior adesao a crenca sobre a natureza da homossexualidade baseada em justificativas culturais sao aqueles com atitudes menos homofobicas. Os resultados sao discutidos a luz do papel desempenhado pelas crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade enquanto principios organizadores do preconceito homofobico.This study examines the relationship between beliefs about the nature of homosexuality and homophobia in the soccer context. Participated 184 Portuguese soccer players, most of them were male (74%) with a mean age of 24.5 years. Participants responded to scales of beliefs about homosexuality, prejudice and emotional expression. The results show that female participants expressed less prejudiced attitudes than male ones, and that younger expressed greater homophobia than older participants. Regarding beliefs, participants who more adhered to ethical-moral beliefs about the nature of homosexuality expressed more homophobic attitudes, while participants who more strongly endorsed belief on the cultural nature of homosexuality expressed less homophobic attitudes. The results are discussed in light of the role played by the beliefs about the nature of homosexuality as organising principles of homophobic prejudice.

Prejuicio contra homosexuales en el contexto de fútbol

Este estudo analisa a relacao entre as crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade e a homofobia no futebol. Participaram 184 jogadores de futebol portugueses. Os resultados demonstram que os participantes do sexo feminino apresentam-se com menos atitudes preconceituosas do que os do sexo masculino e os mais novos exprimem maior homofobia do que os participantes mais velhos. Relativamente as crencas, os esportistas com maior adesao as crencas de natureza etico-moral da homossexualidade exprimem mais atitudes homofobicas. Ja os esportistas com maior adesao a crenca sobre a natureza da homossexualidade baseada em justificativas culturais sao aqueles com atitudes menos homofobicas. Os resultados sao discutidos a luz do papel desempenhado pelas crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade enquanto principios organizadores do preconceito homofobico.This study examines the relationship between beliefs about the nature of homosexuality and homophobia in the soccer context. Participated 184 Portuguese soccer players, most of them were male (74%) with a mean age of 24.5 years. Participants responded to scales of beliefs about homosexuality, prejudice and emotional expression. The results show that female participants expressed less prejudiced attitudes than male ones, and that younger expressed greater homophobia than older participants. Regarding beliefs, participants who more adhered to ethical-moral beliefs about the nature of homosexuality expressed more homophobic attitudes, while participants who more strongly endorsed belief on the cultural nature of homosexuality expressed less homophobic attitudes. The results are discussed in light of the role played by the beliefs about the nature of homosexuality as organising principles of homophobic prejudice.