Walberto Silva dos Santos

O envelhecimento ativo sob o olhar de idosos funcionalmente independentes

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apreender as representacoes sociais de idosos sobre o envelhecimento ativo. Foi realizada na cidade de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, com 100 idosos funcionalmente independentes. Como instrumentos, utilizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os dados foram organizados e analisados pelo software Alceste. Os resultados demonstraram que os discursos dos idosos sobre o envelhecimento ativo sao permeados por conteudos positivos. No entanto, quando nao esta associado a palavra ativo, o envelhecimento ainda e representado como perdas e incapacidades. Mesmo com a existencia de perdas durante o processo, o envelhecimento de maneira ativa deve ser estimulado entre os idosos, uma vez que ele e sinonimo de vida plena e com qualidade. Manter os idosos funcionalmente independentes e o primeiro passo para se atingir um envelhecimento ativo e com melhor qualidade de vida.Esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo captar las representaciones sociales de ancianos sobre el envejecimiento activo. Fue realizada en la ciudad de Joao Pessoa - PB, con 100 ancianos funcionalmente independientes. Como instrumento, fue utilizada la entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se organizaron y procesaron a traves del software Alceste. Los resultados demostraron que los testimonios de los ancianos acerca del envejecimiento activo estan impregnados por contenidos positivos. Sin embargo, cuando no esta asociado a la palabra activo, el envejecimiento aun es representado como perdidas e incapacidades. Incluso con la existencia de perdidas durante el proceso, el envejecimiento activo debe ser estimulado entre los ancianos, toda vez que es sinonimo de vida plena y con calidad. Mantener a los ancianos funcionalmente independientes es el primer paso para alcanzar un envejecimiento activo y con mejor calidad de vida.

Dimensões Normativas do Individualismo e Coletivismo: É Suficiente a Dicotomia Pessoal vs. Social?

The relationship between individualism/collectivism constructs with human values has been previously suggested. However, the studies that try to empirically valiate this relationship are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to identify the human values that best describe the dimensions of these constructs (vertical individualism, horizontal individualism, prothoindividualism, expressive individualism, vertical collectivism and horizontal collectivism). Three hundred and four subjects, members of the general population, as well as high school and undergraduate students, took part in the study. Most of them were female (62.5%), with a mean age of 29 years old. They answered the Mult-Factorial Individualism and Collectivism Scale, and the Basic Values Questionnaire, a part from sociodemographic questions. The results indicated that individualism may be best characterized by personal values, while the collectivism expresses an emphasis on social values. Regarding specific dimensions of individualism and collectivism, they were differently correlated with certain basic values, allowing to identify specific types of this specific social orientation. These results were discussed based on Cross-Cultural Social Psychology literature, showing their importance for understanding the individualism and collectivism constructs.

Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT): explorando seus parâmetros psicométricos

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to know evidences of validity and reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). METHODS: For this purpose, we considered 547 college students from Fortaleza (CE) with a mean age of 21.6 years (sd = 4.86, varying from 18 to 53), mostly male (51.5%), single (91.4%) and catholic (62.5%). The participants answered the AUDIT and demographic questions. Looking to know AUDITs factorial structure, we carried out a principal component analysis. Additionally, in order to evaluate its reliability, we calculated Cronbachs alpha (internal consistency), Pearson correlation r and intraclass coefficient correlation - ICC (test-retest). Also, descriptive statistics were evaluated. RESULTS: According to the principal component analysis using oblimin rotation, the bifactorial structure of the AUDIT proved to be consistent, once all items showed satisfactory saturations exceeding |0.40|, with the first factor explaining 47.5% of the total variance with alpha of 0.84 and Factor 2 explaining 11.6% of the total variance with alpha of 0.69. The results of the test-retest showed strong correlation between data obtained in the first (t1) and in the second (t2) applications (rtt = 0.94, p 0.05) with satisfactory ICC (0.96). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the psychometric adequacy of the AUDIT, with the exploratory factor analysis pointing as more satisfactory the structure with two factors, and also showing its good temporal stability.

Escala de racismo moderno: adaptação ao contexto brasileiro

The purpose of this study is to undertake a non-systematic revision of the bibliography dedicated to the perception The objective of the present study was to adapt the Scale of Modern Racism to the Brazilian context. Specifically, it was intended to know its construct validity (factorial structure) and reliability (Cronbachs Alpha, α). It consisted of 269 subjects, average 21 years of age (SD = 4.76; ranging from 15 to 38). Most of them were female (73.6%), single (81.8%), and undergraduate students (74%). They answered demographic questions and a set of six measures. Among them was the Modern Racism Scale, which presents two theoretical factors: negation of prejudice and threat for equality principles. The factor analysis performed suggested two factors that together account for 32.4% of the total variance. Coherently, these factors were named as negation of prejudice (α = .71), and affirmation of differences (α = .74). These findings are discussed based on previous studies. it is suggested the possibility of consider a two-factors structure for measuring the modern prejudice on the studied population.

Questionário de comportamentos anti-sociais e delitivos: evidências psicométricas de uma versão reduzida

This study aimed at knowing the psychometric parameters of the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire (ADQ). Specifically, it tried to join evidences of its factor validity and reliability in the milieu of Paraiba-Brazil, as well as to know the adequacy of a briefed version of this measure. Two studies were accomplished. In Study 1, the participants were 480 students from high school, with a mean age of 16.2 years old (SD = 1.60), most of them were women (55.1%). In Study 2, 1,463 students of elementary school, high school, and university; with ages ranging from 10 to 36 years old (m = 16; SD = 4.41) participated in research, 59.9% were female. They answered the Antisocial and Delictive Behaviors Questionnaire and to demographic questions. Results supported the psychometric adequacy of this measure, which showed the theorized bi-factor structure. Moreover, the purpose of the ADQ briefed version revealed itself adequate, jointing evidences of factor validity and reliability similar to those of the original version. These findings were discussed based on literature and future researches are suggested as well.

Metas de realização entre estudantes do ensino médio: evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna de uma medida

The present study aimed at knowing evidences of factorial validity and internal consistency of the Achievement Goals Questionnaire to the Brazilian milieu. Moreover, it attempted to evaluate to what extent the scores on this instrument correlate themselves with indicators of scholar performance. The participants were 307 high school students from two public schools (68%) and one private school (32%), from Joao Pessoa city. Their mean age was 17.6 (SD=3.94), and the most of them were female (61.2%). Results of the Principal Components analysis suggested a multi-factor structure, with four theorized components of goals: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance. All components were corroborated by confirmatory factor analyses, which tested different alternative models. The mastery-approach goals described most of the participants, and their scores were positively correlated with scholar performance. These findings were discussed based on the literature about achievement goals.

Motivações para responder sem preconceito: evidências de uma medida frente a gays e lésbicas

The current article aimed to find psychometric evidences in the Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale (Plant & Devine, 1998) taking into account two target-groups: gays and lesbians. Two studies were carried out. In Study 1 participants were 234 subjects from the general population of Joao Pessoa-PB, with mean age of 26 years old, most of them female (54.3%) and heterosexual (95%). They answered the gay version of the Internal and External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale (IEM Scale). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two-factor model (AGFI = .94, CFI = .98, and RMSEA = .05) is the most adequate. Cronbachs Alphas for the factors were .74 (internal motivation) and .76 (external motivation). In Study 2 participants were 202 subjects of general population from the same city, with mean age of 25 years old, most of them female (60.9%) and heterosexual (95%). They answered the lesbian version IEM Scale. Corroborating the previous study, a two-factor model was more adequate (AGFI = .90, CFI = .95, and RMSEA = .08). Cronbachs Alphas for the two factors were .71 (internal motivation) and .84 (external motivation). Complementary evidences of the construct validity were also presented. In conclusion, the results support the psychometric adequacy (factorial validity, convergent-discriminant validity, and reliability) of the IEM Scale suggesting it can be used in future studies about prejudice toward gays and lesbians.

Medindo consumo de álcool: análise fatorial confirmatória do Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)

This study aims to evaluate the adequacy of uni and multi-factorial models of AUDIT, as well as to verify its convergent and criterion validity. Participants consisted in 386 people from the general population with average age of 27.7 years (SD=10.5). In addition to AUDIT , the participants responded to two others correlated instruments - CAGE and EAFUA - and to biosocialdemographic questions. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated the adequacy of the model of three factors, with goodness of fit indexes (χ2/gl=63,29, CFI=0,98, AGFI=0,98 e RMSEA=0,05) statistically higher than the structure of one and two factors. Finally, resorting to Pearsons r correlations and the comparison of means, both convergent and criterion validity of AUDIT were confirmed, attesting its proposal of measuring alcohol consumption and demonstrating its applicability in the screening of problem drinkers.Este estudio busco verificar la adecuacion de los modelos uni y multi-factoriales del AUDIT y verificar su validez convergente y de criterio. Participaron de la investigacion 386 personas de la poblacion general, con un promedio de edad de 27,7 anos (DT=10,5). Ademas del AUDIT, los participantes respondieron a dos instrumentos correlativos y a cuestiones sociodemograficas. Los analisis indicaron la adecuacion del modelo de tres factores, con los indices calidad de ajuste (χ 2/gl=63,29, CFI=0,98, AGFI=0,98 y RMSEA=0,05) estadisticamente superiores a las estructuras uni y bifactoriales. Finalmente, por medio de correlaciones r de Pearson y de comparacion de las medias se comprobo la validez convergente y de criterio del AUDIT, asegurando su propuesta para medir el consumo de alcohol y demostrando su aplicabilidad en la deteccion de bebedores problema.

Índice de Compromisso Religioso (ICR): elaboração e evidências psicométricas

This paper describes the development of the Religious Commitment Index (RCI) which aims at grouping different dimensions of religious commitment in one single index by conducting two studies. Three hundred seventeen students took part in Study 1 and 194 people in Study 2, with similar mean ages (Study 1: m = 16.6, SD = 5.20; Study 2: m = 16, SD = 4.41), mostly female (53.6% and 67.5%, respectively). All participants completed one scale of religious beliefs and one of religious practices, followed by religious related and socio-demographic questions. Both studies showed the different dimensions grouping in one single factor, accounting for 65% of the total variance and showing satisfactory internal consistency. The results suggest the adequacy of the RCI for the studied religious groups.

Midiendo contagio emocional:: adaptación de la escala de Doherty

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar la Escala de Contagio Emocional al contexto español. Específicamente, se intentó conocer su estructura factorial y fiabilidad, comprobar la adecuación de los modelos uni y multifactorials, y verificar si las puntuaciones en el contagio emocional varian según el género de los sujetos. Participaron 323 personas, la mayoría mujeres (66.6%) y estudiantes universitarias (55%), con un promedio de edad de 26.7 años. Los sujetos cumplimentaron la Escala de Contagio Emocional, además de cinco preguntas demográficas. El análisis de componentes principales sugirió una estructura unifactorial de contagio emocional. Sin embargo, cuando los modelos uni y multifactoriales fueron comparados, éstos últimos se mostraron más adecuados. Las mujeres tuvieron puntuaciones más altas en el contagio emocional que los varones, con independencia del factor tratado. De este estudio se concluye que la Escala de Contagio Emocional presenta parámetros psicométricos satisfactorios, coherentes con los observados por Doherty.