Tiago Jessé Souza de Lima

Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12): o efeito de itens negativos em sua estrutura fatorial

O Questionario de Saude Geral (QSG-12) detecta doencas psiquiatricas nao severas. Embora comumente tratado como um indice geral, a definicao de sua estrutura fatorial suscita debates. Este trabalho objetivou testar tal estrutura, comparando tres modelos: dois frequentemente citados na literatura (uni e bifatorial) e um terceiro, tambem unifatorial, que controla o vies de resposta devido a redacao dos itens. Participaram 1.180 pessoas (300 estudantes universitarios; 311 policiais militares; 274 professores do ensino fundamental; e 295 membros da populacao em geral), que responderam ao QSG-12 e perguntas demograficas. Analises fatoriais confirmatorias apontaram que a estrutura unifatorial, controlando o efeito dos itens negativos, reuniu os melhores indices de ajuste, excetuando entre os militares. Essa estrutura apresentou consistencia interna superior a 0,80 em todos os grupos. Concluiu-se que o QSG-12 e mais adequado como unifatorial, embora se indique a necessidade de estudos futuros com pessoas de profissoes e niveis de saude mental diferentes.

Preconceito contra homossexuais no contexto do futebol

Este estudo analisa a relacao entre as crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade e a homofobia no futebol. Participaram 184 jogadores de futebol portugueses. Os resultados demonstram que os participantes do sexo feminino apresentam-se com menos atitudes preconceituosas do que os do sexo masculino e os mais novos exprimem maior homofobia do que os participantes mais velhos. Relativamente as crencas, os esportistas com maior adesao as crencas de natureza etico-moral da homossexualidade exprimem mais atitudes homofobicas. Ja os esportistas com maior adesao a crenca sobre a natureza da homossexualidade baseada em justificativas culturais sao aqueles com atitudes menos homofobicas. Os resultados sao discutidos a luz do papel desempenhado pelas crencas sobre a natureza da homossexualidade enquanto principios organizadores do preconceito homofobico.This study examines the relationship between beliefs about the nature of homosexuality and homophobia in the soccer context. Participated 184 Portuguese soccer players, most of them were male (74%) with a mean age of 24.5 years. Participants responded to scales of beliefs about homosexuality, prejudice and emotional expression. The results show that female participants expressed less prejudiced attitudes than male ones, and that younger expressed greater homophobia than older participants. Regarding beliefs, participants who more adhered to ethical-moral beliefs about the nature of homosexuality expressed more homophobic attitudes, while participants who more strongly endorsed belief on the cultural nature of homosexuality expressed less homophobic attitudes. The results are discussed in light of the role played by the beliefs about the nature of homosexuality as organising principles of homophobic prejudice.

Self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between subjective well-being and general health of military cadets

O objetivo do presente estudo e investigar o papel da crenca na autoeficacia como mediadora da relacao entre o bem-estar subjetivo e a saude geral de cadetes militares (policiais e bombeiros). Para tanto, participaram 228 cadetes, sendo a maioria de oficiais da Policia Militar (65%), do sexo masculino (79%), com idades variando entre 17 e 34 anos (99%), e declarados solteiros (74%). Estes responderam as medidas de saude geral (QSG-12), autoeficacia geral percebida, as multiplas escalas que compoem o bem-estar subjetivo e perguntas demograficas. Analises iniciais de regressao apontam o poder preditivo do bem-estar subjetivo sobre a saude geral. Posteriormente, as analises de mediacao fornecem evidencias satisfatorias para o papel da crenca na autoeficacia como mediador da relacao entre as variaveis do bem-estar subjetivo e a saude geral de cadetes militares. As implicacoes destes resultados na formacao dos cadetes sao discutidas.The objective of this study is to investigate the role of self-efficacy beliefs as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being and general health of military cadets (police and firefighters). For this study, 228 cadets participated, the majority being Military Police officer candidates (65%), male (79%), between 17 and 34 years of age (99%), and unmarried (74%). They responded to questionnaires on general health (GHQ-12), perceived general self-efficacy, to the multiple scales that cover subjective well-being, and demographic questions. Initial regression analyses indicate the predictive power of subject well-being regarding general health. Subsequently, the mediation analyses provide satisfactory evidence for the role of perceived self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between the subjective well-being variables and the overall health of military cadets. The implications of these results for the professional training of the cadets are discussed.

Escala de atitudes frente à tatuagem: elaboração e evidências de validade e precisão

The authors built and checked for evidence of the factorial validity and reliability of a scale for measuring attitudes towards tattoos. The Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale was tested in two studies. In Study 1, participants comprised 273 undergraduate students, equally distributed with respect to gender, with an average age of 25. They answered the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale and demographic questions. It was found that the items showed adequate discriminative power, and the expected unifactorial structure was identified, with Cronbachs Alpha (α) of 0.96. 245 undergraduate students participated In Study 2, most of them male (55%), with an average age of 21. They answered the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale and demographic questions. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, the unifactorial structure found in the previous study was corroborated, and an α of 0.93 was observed. These findings suggest the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale presents evidence of factorial validity and reliability, and may be used among undergraduate students to measure attitudes towards tattoos.

Desenvolvimento e Validação da Escala de Crenças sobre a Doença Mental

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a new instrument, the Beliefs about Mental Illness Scale (BAMIS). This scale was designed to evaluate the beliefs underlying the nature of mental illness. In Study 1, items were developed based on 60 interviews with mental health professionals, relatives of mental inpatients, and focus groups with psychology students. Study 2 was conducted with 491 college students, at the mean age of 23 years (SD = 6.00), and aimed to test the validity and internal consistency of the scale. Study 3 was performed with 254 students at the mean age of 25 years (SD = 8.00) and aimed to replicate the previous study using a confirmatory approach. Across three studies, the BAMIS demonstrated a stable factor structure, consisting of six factors (psychological, socioeconomic, biological, drug use, religious and contingency), all with high internal consistency coefficients. The final version of the scale was composed of thirty items.

Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Burnout em Cadetes Militares: O Papel Mediador da Autoeficácia

Este trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipotese de que a autoeficacia atua como mediador entre o bem-estar subjetivo e o burnout. Participaram 228 cadetes, com idade media de 24 anos (DP = 0,85), sendo 148 policiais e 80 bombeiros. As analises de regressao demonstram que as variaveis do bem-estar subjetivo, principalmente a vitalidade subjetiva e os afetos negativos, predizem significativamente o burnout e suas subdimensoes. As analises de mediacao feitas provem evidencias empiricas satisfatorias para o papel mediador desempenhado pela autoeficacia. Esses resultados poderao apoiar o planejamento de intervencoes que visem o fortalecimento da autoeficacia em cadetes. A academia deve fornecer aos cadetes nao apenas as tecnicas e conhecimentos imprescindiveis para a atuacao profissional, mas tambem proporcionar o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de autorregulacao que possibilitem um senso maior de autoeficacia, alem de condicoes educacionais e laborais adequadas.

Preferência musical e busca de sensações entre jovens

This study aimed to know the correlation between music preference and sensation seeking, testing models of mediation and moderation. The participants were 279 high school students, mean age of 17 years, equally distributed by gender, who answered the Musical Preference Scale, the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking and demographic questions. It was observed correlation of preferred musical styles alternative (positive, e.g., rock, electronic music) and conventional (negative, e.g., classical music, religious music) with the factor named as intensity of sensation seeking. It was also found that the correlations between novelty factor and the alternative and conventional styles were mediated by the seeking of intensity. We tested the moderation of novelty in the correlation between intensity and alternative music, which was not confirmed. These results were discussed based on the literature about the correlates of sensation seeking, suggesting studies that might contribute to understand its effects on music preference.

Music preference and sensation seeking among youngsters

This study aimed to know the correlation between music preference and sensation seeking, testing models of mediation and moderation. The participants were 279 high school students, mean age of 17 years, equally distributed by gender, who answered the Musical Preference Scale, the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking and demographic questions. It was observed correlation of preferred musical styles alternative (positive, e.g., rock, electronic music) and conventional (negative, e.g., classical music, religious music) with the factor named as intensity of sensation seeking. It was also found that the correlations between novelty factor and the alternative and conventional styles were mediated by the seeking of intensity. We tested the moderation of novelty in the correlation between intensity and alternative music, which was not confirmed. These results were discussed based on the literature about the correlates of sensation seeking, suggesting studies that might contribute to understand its effects on music preference.

Racial prejudice and social values: how I perceive others and myself

The process of attribution values to some groups can be used as a resource for determining differences between ingroup and outgroup, what may lead to discriminatory behavior against the outgroup. In this sense, the present study sought to determine whether individuals perceive dissimilarities between the values attibuted to themselves, to white and to black people, and if these dissimilarities can follow a prejudice-based logic, expressing subtle racial prejudice. Study 1 (n = 220) aimed to rank the values in terms of socio-economic progress, identifying values that are representative of developed and underdeveloped countries. Study 2 (n = 420) evaluated whether the values attibuted to themselves, to the black and to the white are different and this difference follows a prejudice-based. Overall, results showed a tendency towards the association of third world values such as collectivism to blacks, and first world values such as individualism to whites.

Evidence of factorial validity and accuracy of attitudes in mental health scale

Abstract This study gathered evidence of factorial validity and internal consistency of the Attitudes in Mental Health Scale. Twostudies were performed. A total of 404 college students, including women (69.6%) with a mean age of 24 years(Standard Deviation = 5.67), participated in Study 1. A total of 396 college students, including females (69.9%) witha mean age of 23 years (Standard Deviation = 5.41), participated in Study 2. In the first study, an exploratory factorialanalysis indicated the existence of two factors (biomedical paradigm, α = 0.71; psychosocial paradigm, α = 0.66) witha total of 15 items. In the second study, a confirmatory factorial analysis indicated that the bifactorial model that wasproposed for the scale was adequate: χ²/ df = 2.41, GFI = 0.93 and RMSEA = 0.06, 90%IC [0.05 - 0.07]. The resultsconcluded that this measure can be adequately applied in studies in the proposed measurement context. Keywords : Attitudes scale; Mental health; Test reliability; Test validity.