Luis Claudio Lopes Correia da Silva

Técnica de biópsia hepática em eqüino por laparoscopia

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of laparoscopy in obtaining hepatic biopsy in horses and to determine a possible clinical and laboratorial changes related to the procedure. Ten animals were submitted to 36 hours of fastening and 18 hours of water deprivation and then operated in the standing position, through a right flank approach at the level of the 17th intercostal space. Post-operative evaluation consisted of daily physical examination and seriated blood sampling. The procedure allowed for wide visualization of the viscera and anatomical structures located on the right side of the abdominal cavity, favouring the choice of the spot for hepatic biopsy collection. No changes were noted in the physical state of the animals and alterations in hemogram and hepatic function tests were not statistically significant. It was concluded that laparoscopy is a simple, effective and safe technique for obtaining hepatic biopsy specimens in horses.

Obstrução nasal por granuloma fúngico em eqüino: relato de caso

A 9-year-old horse presented serosanguineous nasal discharge, absence of breath out through the right nostril, and respiratory noise. Endoscopic and radiographic exams revealed a six centimeter diameter mass, covered by yellowish mucosa, which was obstructing the entire right nasal cavity and part of the left one. The mass was excised through a right frontal sinusotomy. The microscopic exam and the culture revealed a fungic granulomatous rhinitis. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were postoperatively administered; moreover, camomile tea and distilled water were flushed in a drain placed above the bone flap.

Patellar instability following experimental medial patellar desmotomy in horses.

A controlled study was designed in order to evaluate the effects of medial patellar desmotomy (MPD), combined with exercise restriction, on clinically and radiographically normal femoropatellar joints, and to identify the patellar instability by radiographic examination. MPD was performed on the right hind limb and the horses were rested for 120 days. Both hind limbs were radiographed before surgery and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after MPD, obtaining lateromedial, flexed lateromedial, caudocranial and cranioproximal-craniodistal (skyline) views. The femorotibial and femoropatellar angles were assessed on the lateromedial views, and the distance between the medial and lateral cortex of the femur, and the distance between the medial cortex of the femur and the lateral border of the patella were evaluated in the caudocranial views. An increase in the angle between the proximal articular surface of the patella and the cranial distal surface of the femur along with enthesophyte formation and lateral deviation of the patella were found on the radiographs of the right stifles after MPD. Therefore, MPD leads to patellar instability, which can be demonstrated by the radiographic changes. The 120 days rest did not prevent the lesions caused by postsurgical patellar instability.

Achados gastroscópicos em eqüinos adultos assintomáticos

Twenty one adult horses without clinical signs were used for gastroscopic study. High prevalence (47.6%) of gastric ulceration was observed, especially adjacent to the margo plicatus, although with low severity. Mild or moderate gastritis of the glandular mucosa was an usual finding in these horses submited to fasting for gastroscopic examination. The occurrence of Habronema sp. was high (28.6%), and caused chronic catarrhal gastritis.

Avaliação comparativa entre acepromazina, detomidina e romifidina em eqüinos

Farmaceutica, Tecnica de Nivel Superior, FMVZ, USP.RESUMOOs efeitos da acepromazina, detomidina e romifidi-na em equinos foram comparados, objetivando-se determinarqual o agente mais seguro e efetivo para a referida especieanimal. Foram utilizados 15 equinos higidos, de ambos os sexos,idades e racas variadas e encaminhados ao setor de Cirurgia doHospital Veterinario da FMVZ - USP. Os animais foram distri-buidos em tres grupos: grupo I, recebeu 0,1mg/kg de aceproma-zina; grupo II recebeu 20mcg/kg de detomidina e grupo III, oqual recebeu 80mcg/kg de romifidina, sendo todos os agentesadministrados atraves da via intravenosa. Previamente a admi-nistracao dos farmacos e aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 minutos, apos suaaplicacao, foram avaliadas a frequencia e ritmo cardiacos,frequencia respiratoria, pressao arterial sistolica e diastolica,assim como foram coletadas amostras de sangue arterial paraverificacao do pH, pressao parcial de oxigenio e pressao parcialde dioxido de carbono. Os resultados foram submetidos a analiseestatistica atraves do teste de analise de variância (ANOVA),seguido do teste de Tukey. Nao foi observada nenhuma alteracaoda frequencia respiratoria nos grupos estudados. Verificou-sediminuicao significativa dos valores da FC nos animais tratadoscom os agentes α-2 agonistas quando comparados com os valo-res obtidos no grupo I. Apos a administracao da acepromazina,observou-se diminuicao significativa das pressoes sistolica ediastolica em relacao aos valores controle. Os animais do grupoI apresentaram valores pressoricos estatisticamente inferiores emrelacao aos valores obtidos nos grupos II e III. Os animais dogrupo II demonstraram incremento da pressao arterial sistolicaapos 15 minutos da aplicacao do agente, com subsequente redu-cao destes valores. O mesmo ocorreu no grupo III, porem, semvalor estatistico significativo. Com estes resultados, pode-seconcluir que a romifidina e a detomidina promoveram alteracoesparametricas de menor intensidade e duracao quando compara-das a acepromazina.Palavras-chave: acepromazina, romifidina, detomidina, equinos.SUMMARYThe effects of acepromazine, detomidine andromifidine were compared in horses in the present study, aimingto determine which agent is safer and more effective for thereferred species of animal. Fifteen healthy horses of the same sex,age and breed varying, were sent to the Surgical Division of theVeterinarian Hospital of FMVZ-USP. The animals weredistributed in three groups; group I - GI - received 0.1mg/kg ofacepromazine; group II - GII - received 20µg/kg of detomidine;group III - GIII received 80µg/kg of romifidine, all agentsdelivered intravenously. Prior to administration of the agents andat 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after their application, the followingparameters were evaluated: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolicand diastolic arterial pressure. Arterial blood samples werecollected to verify pH, partial oxygen pressure and partial carbondioxide pressure. The results were submitted to statisticalanalysis using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by theTukey test. No significant alteration was observed in respiratoryrate of the studied groups. The heart rate significantly decreasedin the animals treated with the alpha-2 agonist agents whencompared to the values obtained in the GI. Followingadministration of acepromazine a significant decrease n systolicand diastolic blood pressures was observed in relation to controlvalues. The animals of GI presented pressure values that werestatistically inferior in relation to the values obtained for groupsII and III. The animals in GII showed an increase in systolic

Ocorrência de neoplasias em 15 anos de atendimento hospitalar de equídeos

Although several prior studies have provided information regarding incidence of tumors in horses, there is a wide variation due to regional differences, such as climate and breed population. A number of 133 cases involving tumors was found among the 6669 equides submitted to the Veterinary Hospital (HOVET) of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo, during a 15 years period, representing 2% of all records. The most commonly found neoplasm was the squamous cells carcinoma (45%), different from most of the studies worldwide. The most common neoplasia in the integument system was melanoma (34,2%) and in the ocular (76,9%) and urogenital systems (40,9%) was squamous cells carcinoma. Surgical intervention was recommended in 68% of the cases, while a clinical approach was chosen in 10% of them. Twenty two percent of the horses were not treated due to of the owner option or euthanasia indication. Death associated with tumors occurred on 14% of the animals during the hospitalization period or treatment. The squamous cell carcinoma occurs more often in our veterinary hospital and may be related to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, whose amount in the tropics has increased considerably in the last decades.

Toracoscopia em eqüinos: técnica e emprego como método de avaliação da cavidade pleural

Thoracoscopy is the technique based upon the thoracic cavity visualization by means of rigid or flexible endoscope. It is indicated as an additional diagnostic aid to better define thoracic diseases. It can be performed either in an animal subjected to general anesthesia or in a horse standing on stocks with local anesthesia with or without sedative. Six healthy horses were used in this study they were subjected to thoracoscopy in both hemithorax, standing on stocks, with a 15-day interval between each procedure. It was possible to visualize several thoracic structures through the 13th intercostal space aproach, such as: diaphargma (muscular and tendineous portions), esophageus hiatus, mediastinum, aorta, vagus nerve dorsal and ventral trunk, thoracic ductus, azigus vein, intercostal veins and muscles, ribs, sympathetic nervous trunk, thoracocervical vascular trunk, trachea, lungs (cranial and caudal lobes), esophagus, pericardium, caudal cava vein, phrenicus nerve and aortic linphonodes. Slight alterations were observed in physical, laboratorial and ultra-sonographic exams during pos operative period those alterations did not compromise either this experiment development or the animals well being. By being an easy and fast procedure wich allows pleural cavity broad visualization and pacient minimal trauma, thoracoscopy makes itself a great diagnostic aid exam.

Effect of postoperative xylazine administration on cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality after isoflurane anesthesia in horses.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate equine cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality after administration of 0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg xylazine intravenously (IV) during recovery. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, prospective, clinical study. ANIMALS Horses (n = 20). METHODS During recovery after 3 hours of isoflurane anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery, horses were administered either 0.25 mg/kg (G25, n = 10) or 0.50 mg/kg (G50, n = 10) xylazine intravenously. Vital signs and arterial blood samples were obtained during recovery before sedation (baseline), 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 minutes after xylazine and 30 minutes after standing. The quality of recovery scores ranged from 10 to 72 (10 = best, 72 = worst). RESULTS G25 horses recovered faster (mean ± SD, 33 ± 5 min) than G50 horses (50 ± 7 min, P < .0001). Mean maximal decrease in arterial oxygen tension was 55 ± 11 mmHg in G25 (at 10 minutes; P < .05) and 54 ± 7 mmHg in G50 (at 20 minutes; P < .01). G25 group had a total recovery score (23 [range 18-29]) and number of attempts to stand (4 ± 2) greater than the G50 group (18 [10-23] and 1 ± 1, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Both doses of xylazine promoted a moderate and transient hypoxemia during recovery; however, the 0.5 mg/kg dose produced a longer and improved quality of recovery from anesthesia.

An experimental study to compare inflammatory response due to liquid or gas joint distension in horses submitted to arthroscopy

PURPOSE To assess comparatively the inflammatory response that follows CO(2) or Ringers lactate joint capsular distension of horses submitted to experimental arthroscopy METHODS Each animal was submitted to a bilateral tarsocrural arthroscopy employing gas distention in one joint and fluid distention in the contralateral joint. Synovial fluid was evaluated at 0, six, 12, 24 and 48 hours post-operative. RESULTS The use of CO(2) for arthroscopy causes an acute and mild synovitis alike to the liquid capsular distension, showing similar synovial fluid increase of leukocytes, TP, and TNF-α. Although synovial fluid PGE(2) content was higher in joints submitted to CO(2) distension, lower levels of hemoglobin and leukocytes oxidative burst after surgery indicates that CO(2) arthroscopy decreased intra-articular bleeding and activation of infiltrating leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS The use of CO(2) for arthroscopic examination causes acute and mild synovitis that is similar to the effects caused by the liquid capsular distension. CO2 also seems to decrease intra-articular bleeding and activation of leukocytes.

Líquido sinovial da articulação femuropatelar após desmotomia patelar medial experimental em eqüinos

Medial patellar desmotomy (MPD) is a common treatment for upward fixation of the patella (UFP). It is easy to perform, and in most cases results are immediate. However, joint changes after MPD have been described. The purpose of this study is to use synovial fluid evaluate the effects of MPD in horses subjected to restricted exercis in the first 120 days postoperatively. Eight sounds adult horses, weighing from 350 to 480kg, were used in the study. The selected animals had no history of lesions in the femuropatellar joint and did not demonstrate lameness on physical examination or after hind limb flexion tests. Right medial patellar desmotomy was performed on each horse. The synovial fluid was obtained by arthrocentesis during the selection phase and after surgery on days 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120. Synovial fluid color, viscosity, total protein, and nucleated cell count and diferential leukocyte count was analysed. The poor viscosity on day 30 was the highest significative change from synovial fluid on the horses subject to medial patelar desmotomy and maintened in rest for 120 days.