Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira

Nutrição mineral de populações e híbridos de coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) cultivados em Bebedouro (SP)

Nutritional status of seven coconut genotypes (Anao Amarelo de Gramame, Anao Amarelo da Malasia, Anao Vermelho de Gramame, Anao Verde do Jiqui, Gigante Brasileiro da Praia do Forte, Anao Amarelo de Gramame x Gigante do Oeste Africano, and Anao Vermelho de Gramame x Gigante Brasileiro da Praia do Forte) were assessed. Different aged leaves (leaf 4 and 9) and soil were sampled with the objective of investigating nutritional status of plants and changes on soil fertility. Samples from leaf 4 were more efficient to distinguish genotypes according to their nutritional conditions than leaf 9 samples. The most serious disorders were zinc, potassium, nitrogen and copper deficiencies. P, Ca, B, Fe and Mn leaf content seemed to be adequate in all genotypes. It was recommended to increase Zn application rate in order to improve nutritional status. The most outstanding effects of cropping on soil fertility were due to acidification in the fertilizer spreading area.

Diagnose nutricional para nitrogênio e potássio em bananeira por meio do sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação (DRIS) e de níveis críticos

The Performance of DRIS and critical value approach (CVA) diagnostics were evaluated based on leaf analysis from a field experiment on a factorial design to study the yield response of banana to N and K applications during two crop seasons. The situations identified as deficient were classified as positives (+) and those diagnosed as sufficient, were classified as negatives (-). According to the response on yield due the application of N or K, the diagnostics were classified as true (V) or false (F). Four combinations were possible: V+, V-, F+ and F-. The efficiency for N diagnostics (%V+ and %V-) based on the critical value approach was 48%, while using the DRIS it was 69%. The efficiency for K diagnostics was 63% for both DRIS and CV methods. The relation between deficient diagnostics confirmed by positive response on yield under application of the nutrient and false positive cases (%V+¸%F+) for N was 1.5 for the DRIS and 0.68 for CVA. For the K deficiency diagnostics, the value of this relation was 1.67 for both methods. The net yield derived from N application based on correct diagnostics (48 cases) was 124 Mg ha-1 for DRIS and 20 Mg ha-1 for the CVA. For K, this variation was 70 Mg ha-1 for the DRIS and the CVA.

Estimativa das necessidades nutricionais de bananeiras do subgrupo Cavendish cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo

Fertilizer recommendations for banana take into consideration the accumulation of nutrients in plants and the amount removed in the bunches, among other factors. Nutrient contents accumulated in plants and removed by bunches of Cavendish bananas in the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) were assessed from a data bank of nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in bunches (fruits+peduncle) and bunch weight with 293 samples. Data bank comprises information from plants of Grand Naine and Giant Cavendish cultivars growing in irrigated and non-irrigated areas, with different sources and rates of fertilizers during seven crop cycles. This data came from fertilization experiments accomplished at Planalto Paulista and at the Vale do Ribeira. Potassium was the nutrient most removed by the bunches (182 kg ha 1) followed by N (68 kg ha 1), Mg (10 kg ha 1), P (8 kg ha 1), Ca (6 kg ha 1), S (3 kg ha 1), Mn (191 g ha 1), Fe (147 g ha 1), B (89 g ha 1), Zn (68 g ha 1), and Cu (25 g ha 1) for an average bunch yield of 40 t ha-1. Fertilizer recommendations for banana in the State of Sao Paulo underestimate K requirements for plant establishing. The recommended rates of N are higher than N removal by bunches. The recommendation of P fertilizer is in accordance with plant requirements.

Teores foliares de nutrientes, índice relativo de clorofila e teores de nitrato e de potássio na seiva do pecíolo na videira 'Niagara Rosada'

ABSTRACT- A nutritional survey was carried out in 93 vineyards of the wine regions of Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales (state of Sao Paulo-Brazil), aiming to compare the nutrient concentration in leaf samples, the concentration of nitrate and potassium in the petiole sap and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) of ‘Niagara Rosada’ vineyard. Leaves, blade and petiole in full bloom vines were sampled in 20 plants selected from each vineyard, and evaluations of the IRC in the leaf blade and the levels of NO3- and K in the petioles sap were realized. Macro and micronutrients concentrations were measured in leaf samples. The sampled vineyards were grouped by region of study, and each vineyard was considered as a replicate sample, totaling 45, 24 and 24 repetitions, in Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales, respectively. Sampled vineyards from the Jales region showed higher leaf concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Mn, and also higher IRC and levels of nitrate and potassium in the petiole. These differences were related to the different rootstocks used, which were ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’ and ‘Riparia of Traviu’, respectively, for Jundiai, Jales and Sao Miguel Arcanjo. The differences highlight the need to adjust the concentration ranges of nutrients in leaf analysis, through regional trials, taking into account the rootstock and the region under study.Index terms: Vitis, foliar analysis, mineral nutrition, grapevine.

Biosolids Application on Banana Production: Soil Chemical Properties and Plant Nutrition

Biosolids are relatively rich in N, P, and S and could be used to substitute mineral fertilization for banana crop. A field experiment was carried out in a Yellow Oxisol to investigate the effects of biosolids application on soil chemical properties and on banana leafs nutrient concentration during the first cropping cycle. Soil analysis (pH, organic matter, resin P, exchangeable Ca and K, available B, DTPA-extracted micronutrients, and heavy metals) and index-leaf analysis (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) were evaluated. Biosolids can completely substitute mineral N and P fertilizer to banana growth. Soil exchangeable K and leaf-K concentration must be monitored in order to avoid K deficiency in banana plants. No risk of heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) concentration increase in the index leaf was observed when biosolids were applied at the recommended N rate.

AVALIAÇÃO AGROTECNOLÓGICA DE VARIEDADES DE ABACAXIZEIRO, CONFORME OS TIPOS DE MUDA, EM CORDEIRÓPOLIS (SP)

Seven pineapple varieties were tested in field trials in Cordeiropolis, State of Sao Paulo, from May 1991 to February 1994, in four experiments, each one using different planting materials: sucker or shoot, slip, crown and stem section plants (developed from bud stem in sand box). The varieties were: Rondon (RD), Roxo de Tefe (RT), Turi Verde (TV), Natal Queen (NQ), Guiana (GN), Perola (PR) and Smooth Cayenne (SC).The followings characteristics were evaluated: the periods for natural inflorescence emission, the time between the emission until the flowering completed, and from then until the ripped-fruit; also, the fruit diameters (the base, the top and the largest diameter), the mass production (fruit and crown), and in the pulp, the soluble solid content (Brix), texture, acidity, ascorbic acid content and pH. The main results were: (1) RD and PR had the earliest uniform natural inflorescence emission, and SC and TV had the latest ones; (2) NQ had the shortest and SC and GN the longest period from the emission to the harvest; (3) SC and GN yielded fruits with mean weight (g) 52% and 24% higher than the mean weight of RD, PR and TV together. NQ had the lowest mean weight; (4) GN had the highest number of slips and suckers, and SC had the lowest number of slips; (5) The plants from bud-stem had lower number of slips and suckers than from the other three planting materials; (6) The pulp soluble solid content (Brix) of SC and NQ and the acidity of TV had higher values, and NQ had the highest value for the Brix and acidity ratio; (7) PR had the highest ascorbic acid content and RD had higher content than SC. It was concluded that some of the varieties cultivated in Brazil may replace the Smooth Cayenne and Perola, what is desirable, because SC and PR are highly susceptible to Fusarium subglutinans.

DRIS NORMS AND CRITICAL LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS FOR ‘NIAGARA ROSADA’ GRAPE IN JUNDIAÍ REGION, SÃO PAULO (BRASIL)

ABSTRACTPreliminary Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms and critical leaf nutrient levels (CLN) for ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape grafted on the rootstock ‘IAC 766’ growing in the region of Jundiai, State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) are presented. DRIS norms and CLN were established from a data bank of leaf nutrient concentration(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and fruit yield with 116 records. The data bank gets information from fertilizationexperiments and from a field survey comprising four crop cycles. The data were divided into high-yielding (>26 t/ha) and low-yielding (<26 t/ha) subpopulations and norms were computed using standard DRIS procedures. Even with the diversity of cropping conditions, the relationship between the nutrient balance index from DRIS and fruit yield was highly significant (R2 = 0.48, p<0.0001), indicating that part of the variation in productivity of vineyards can be credited to nutritional status of the plants. The CLNs were derived using multiple linear regressions relating to the foliar nutrient concentration with DRIS indices of all nutrients. The CLNs for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 38.0, 3.0, 11.4, 13.7, and 3.5 g/ kg, respectively.

Alterações em atributos químicos de um solo submetido à adubação e cultivado com videira 'Niagara Rosada'

ABSTRACT - Soil samples were analyzed with the objective of investigating changes on some soil chemi-cal properties due to NPK fertilization of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine. The samples were collected in a field experiment carried out in Louveira, Brazil, during four crop seasons. The experimental design was an in-complete NPK factorial 1/2(4 3 ). The treatments were rates of N (0, 65, 130, and 195 kg/ha of N as NH 4 NO 3 ), P (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha of P 2 O 5 as triple superphosphate) and K (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha of K 2 O as KCl) applied at each crop season. Nutrient (P, K, Ca and Mg) availability some chemical properties (organic matter, pH CaCl 2 , H+Al and base saturation) were evaluated through samples carried out in the experiment implantation (August, 2005) and after four production cycles (November, 2008). Soil samples were col-lected from layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Fruit yield and some physical characteristics of bunches and berries were evaluated. Soil pH decreased with increasing in N rates. Low rates of P and K were sufficient to maintain soil P and K at the same concentration as found prior to the experiment. Grapevine production was not affected by NPK fertilization. The application of NPK fertilizers in vineyards with soils with high nutrient availability implies economic losses and environmental contamination risk.Index terms: soil analysis, grape, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.

Tolerância a baixas temperaturas de cultivares de abacate (Persea americana Mill.)

A field trial carried out at Instituto Agronomico Experiment Farm at Capao Bonito, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, observed the behaviour of thirteen avocado cultivars of six years old: Geada, Pollock and Simmonds (West Indian cultivars); Antoniolli, Breda, Campinas, Ermor, Jumbo, Margarida, OuroVerde, Reis and Solano (Guatemalan x West Indian Hybrids) and Fuerte (Guatemalan x Mexican hybrid) in relation to low temperatures occurred at the weather station. The values of the minimum air temperatures recorded were: -2.8°C, -0.4°C and -1.8°C on July 17th, 18th, 20th and 21th, 2000 respectively. The Fuerte cultivar was the most tolerant to cold, without injuries on the canopy and fruit drop. The Guatemalan x West Indian cultivars showed different degrees of cold injury and fruit drop, while the West Indian cultivars were severely damaged by the cold.

Recomendação de adubação e calagem para coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) no Estado de São Paulo - 1ª. aproximação

The objective of this publication was to introduce the 1st version of fertilizer and lime recommendation for coconut cropped in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This recommendation was based on field results from an experiment and on literature review. The recommendation followed the guidelines of the Technical Bulletin 100, issued by Instituto Agronomico (SP, Brazil). Fertilizer rates are assessed based on soil available nutrients (P and K), plant age for young palms (up to 5 year) and expected yield for adult palms (>5 year).